Utilization of End-of-Life Care Rooms by Patients Who Died in a Single Hospice Unit at a National University Hospital in South Korea

Gyu Lee Kim,Seung Hun Lee,Yun Jin Kim,Jeong Gyu Lee,Yu Hyeon Yi,Young Jin Tak,Young Jin Ra,Sang Yeoup Lee,Young Hye Cho,Eun Ju Park,Young In Lee,Jung In Choi,Sae Rom Lee,Ryuk Jun Kwon,Soo Min Son Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care 2023 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Purpose: For the dignity of patients nearing the end of their lives, it is essential to provide end-of-life (EoL) care in a separate, dedicated space. This study investigated the utilization of specialized rooms for dying patients within a hospice unit. Methods: This retrospective study examined patients who died in a single hospice unit between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Utilizing medical records, we analyzed the circumstances surrounding death, the employment of specialized rooms for terminally ill patients, and the characteristics of those who received EoL care in a shared room. Results: During the 1,825-day survey period, deaths occurred on 632 days, and 799 patients died. Of these patients, 496 (62.1%) received EoL care in a dedicated room. The average duration of using this dedicated space was 1.08 days. Meanwhile, 188 patients (23.5%) died in a shared room. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a longer stay in the hospice unit was associated with a lower risk of receiving EoL care in a shared room (odds ratio [OR]=0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97~0.99; P=0.002). Furthermore, a higher number of deaths on the day a patient died was associated with a greater risk of receiving EoL care in a shared room (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.33~2.08; P<0.001). Conclusion: To ensure that more patients receive EoL care for an adequate duration in a private setting, additional research is necessary to increase the number of dedicated rooms and incorporate them into the hospice unit at an early stage.

Discrimination of Phellodendron amurense and P. chinense Based on DNA Analysis and the Simultaneous Analysis of Alkaloids

Ryuk, Jin Ah,Zheng, Ming Shan,Lee, Mi Young,Seo, Chang Seob,Li, Ying,Lee, Seung Ho,Moon, Dong Cheul,Lee, Hye Won,Lee, Je-Hyun,Park, Ju Young,Son, Jong Keun,Ko, Byoung Seob 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.6

Phellodendri Cortex is the bark of the stems of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht or P. chinense Schneider (Rutaceae), which is orginated from periderm. The internal transcribed spacer sequences of 20 originated plants and identified samples were analyzed. The result showed that the 99% of the base sequences of P. amurense were identical to that of P. chinense, but the differentiation of P. amurense and P. chinense was difficult. In addition, the ribulose-1, 5-bisphospate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) intergenic spacer sequences of specific parts produced the same result. However, when the analysis was carried out by using the RAPD (randomly amplification polymorphism DNA) analysis method, which utilizes 48 randomly primers, it allowed us to confirm the polymorphism of P. amurense and P. chinense in 12 primers. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine in a traditional herbal drug, Phellodendri Cortex. The HPLC method was applied successfully to the quantification of three constituents in the extract of twenty Phellodendri Cortex. The results indicated that the established HPLC and RAPD methods are suitable for the quantitative analysis and the quality control multi-simultaneous discrimination in Phellodendri Cortex.

프로펠러 효과를 고려한 전기추진 항공기의 공력성능 해석

이종윤(Jongyoon Lee),홍슬기(Seulki Hong),이복직(Bok Jik Lee),이정기(Jeong Gi Lee),이륙(Ryuk Lee),허정민(Jeongmin Heo),심봉규(Bongkyu Shim) 한국항공우주학회 2022 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Life Science : Discrimination of Phellodendron amurense and P chinense Based on DNA Analysis and the Simultaneous Analysis of Alkaloids

( Jin Ah Ryuk ),( Ming Shan Zheng ),( Mi Young Lee ),( Chang Seob Seo ),( Ying Li ),( Seung Ho Lee ),( Dong Cheul Moon ),( Hye Won Lee ),( Je Hyun Lee ),( Ju Young Park ),( Jong Keun Son ),( Byung Seo 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2012 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.22 No.0

Phellodendri Cortex is the bark of the stems of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht or P. chinense Schneider (Rutaceae), which is orginated from periderm. The internal transcribed spacer sequences of 20 originated plants and identified samples were analyzed. The result showed that the 99% of the base sequences of P. amurense were identical to that of P. chinense, but the differentiation of P. amurenseand P. chinense was difficult. In addition, the ribulose-1, 5-bisphospate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) intergenic spacer sequences of specific parts produced the same result. However, when the analysis was carried out by using the RAPD (randomly amplification polymorphism DNA) analysis method, which utilizes 48 randomly primers, it allowed us to confirm the polymorphism of P. amurenseand P. chinense in 12 primers. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine in a traditional herbal drug, Phellodendri Cortex. The HPLC method was applied successfully to the quantification of three constituents in the extract of twenty Phellodendri Cortex. The results indicated that the established HPLC and RAPD methods are suitable for the quantitative analysis and the quality control multi-simultaneous discrimination in Phellodendri Cortex.

족소양담경(足少陽膽經)에서 투사(投射)되는 신경원(神經元)의 표식부위(標識部位)에 대한 연구(硏究)

육상원 ( Sang Won Ryuk ),이광규 ( Kwang Gyu Lee ),이상룡 ( Sang Ryoung Lee ),김점영 ( Jum Young Kim ),이창현 ( Chang Hyun Lee ),이봉희 ( Bong Hee Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2000 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this morphological studies was to investigate the relation to the meridian, acupoint and nerve. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were observed following injection of transsynaptic neurotropic virus, pseudorabies virus(PRV), into the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve of the rabbit. After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, the thirty rabbits were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned(30㎛). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope The results were as follows: 1. In spinal cord, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were founded in thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Densely labeled areas of each spinal cord segment were founded in lamina V, VII, X, intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal nucleus. 2. In medulla oblongata, The PRV labeled neurons projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were founded in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, principal sensory trigeminal nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus. 3. In Pons, PRV labeled neurons were parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and cochlear nucleus. 4. In midbrain, PRV labeled neurons were founded in central gray matter and substantia nigra. 5. In diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were founded in lateral hypothalamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. 6. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neuron were founded in hind limb area. This results suggest that PRV labeled common areas of the spinal cord projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve may be first-order neurons related to the somatic sensory, viscero-somatic sensory and symapathetic preganglionic neurons, and PRV labeled common area of the brain may be first, second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle in gallbladder and blood vessels. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory system monitoring the internal environment, including both visceral sensation and various chemical and physical qualities of the bloodstream. The present morphological results provide that gallbladder meridian and acupoint may be related to the central autonomic pathways.

Association between Sleep Duration and Presbycusis in Korean Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Min Ju Kang,Youngin Lee,Yun Jin Kim,Sang Yeoup Lee,Jeong Gyu Lee,Yu Hyeon Yi,Young Hye Cho,Young Jin Tak,Eun Ju Park,Seung Hun Lee,Gyu Lee Kim,Jung In Choi,Young Jin Ra,Sae Rom Lee,Ryuk Jun Kwon,Soo M 대한가정의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.44 No.2

Background: Sleep duration is associated with hearing loss, especially presbycusis, which is the most common type of hearing loss; however, there is limited evidence regarding this association among the Korean population. We aimed to determine the relationship between sleep duration and high-frequency hearing loss in Korean adults aged ≥40 years.Methods: We examined 5,547 Korean adults aged ≥40 years who completed audiometric tests and questionnaires regarding sleep duration during the 2010–2012 cycle of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur-vey. Mild presbycusis was defined as >25 decibels (dB) and <40 dB, whereas moderate-to-severe presbycusis was defined as >40 dB pure tone averages at high frequencies (3,000, 4,000, and 6,000 Hz) for both ears. Additionally, the sleep duration was divided into quartiles. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using mul-tivariable logistic regression after adjusting for covariates.Results: The prevalence of presbycusis in South Korean adults was 62.1%, of which 61.4% showed moderate to se-vere presbycusis. The incidence of moderate-to-severe, but not mild, presbycusis showed a significant positive cor-relation with sleep duration.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sleep duration is associated with the prevalence of presbycusis.

Application of Genetic Marker and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Discrimination between <i>Forsythia viridissima</i> and <i>Forsythia suspensa</i>

Ryuk, Jin Ah,Choi, Go Ya,Kim, Young Hwa,Lee, Hye Won,Lee, Mi Young,Choi, Jae Eul,Ko, Byoung Seob Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.33 No.7

<P>Forsythiae Fructus has been used as a herbal medicine for a fruit of <I>Forsythia viridissima</I> L<SMALL>INDLEY</SMALL> or <I>Forsythia suspensa</I> V<SMALL>AHL</SMALL> (Oleaceae). In Korea, the fruit of <I>Forsythia viridissima</I> is used and in China, the fruit of <I>Forsythia suspensa</I> is used generally. There are differences in the amount and distribution of constituents between <I>Forsythia viridissima</I> (FV) and <I>Forsythia suspensa</I> (FS). Accordingly, a discrimination of these two herbal drugs is needed. In this study, we designed FV genetic marker based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of nuclear ribosomal DNA that can discriminate <I>Forsythia viridissima</I> and <I>Forsythia suspensa</I> and species-specific amplification product 252 bp was confirmed. Using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (allelic discrimination) analysis, an accurate discrimination between <I>Forsythia viridissima</I> and <I>Forsythia suspensa</I> was accomplished. Accordingly, with the use of PCR analysis based on ITS region sequence of ribosomal DNA and the real-time PCR analysis which can efficiently discriminate between <I>Forsythia viridissima</I> and <I>Forsythia suspensa</I> was developed.</P>

STAT3 promotes motor neuron differentiation by collaborating with motor neuron-specific LIM complex

Lee, Seunghee,Shen, Rongkun,Cho, Hyong-Ho,Kwon, Ryuk-Jun,Seo, So Yeon,Lee, Jae W.,Lee, Soo-Kyung National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.28

<P>The motor neuron (MN)–hexamer complex consisting of LIM homeobox 3, Islet-1, and nuclear LIM interactor is a key determinant of motor neuron specification and differentiation. To gain insights into the transcriptional network in motor neuron development, we performed a genome-wide ChIP-sequencing analysis and found that the MN–hexamer directly regulates a wide array of motor neuron genes by binding to the HxRE (hexamer response element) shared among the target genes. Interestingly, STAT3-binding motif is highly enriched in the MN–hexamer–bound peaks in addition to the HxRE. We also found that a transcriptionally active form of STAT3 is expressed in embryonic motor neurons and that STAT3 associates with the MN–hexamer, enhancing the transcriptional activity of the MN–hexamer in an upstream signal-dependent manner. Correspondingly, STAT3 was needed for motor neuron differentiation in the developing spinal cord. Together, our studies uncover crucial gene regulatory mechanisms that couple MN–hexamer and STAT-activating extracellular signals to promote motor neuron differentiation in vertebrate spinal cord.</P>

<i>Tetragonia tetragonioides</i> (Pall.) Kuntze protects estrogen-deficient rats against disturbances of energy and glucose metabolism and decreases proinflammatory cytokines

Ryuk, Jin Ah,Ko, Byoung-Seob,Lee, Hye Won,Kim, Da Sol,Kang, Suna,Lee, Yong Hyen,Park, Sunmin SAGE Publications 2017 Experimental biology and medicine Vol.242 No.6

<P>Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze (TTK) and JakYakGamCho-Tang (JGT) have been used for improving women's health and treating inflammatory diseases. We determined that the long-term consumption of these herbal extracts alleviates the progression of postmenopausal symptoms in high-fat-diet fed ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and further explored the mechanisms involved. Five groups of OVX rats were fed high fat diets that were supplemented with either 2% dextrin (control), 2% TTK (70% ethanol extract), 2% JGT (water extract), 1% JGT + 1% TTK (JGTT), or 30 mu g/kg body weight/day of 17 beta-estradiol (positive control). After eight weeks of dietary intervention, the herbal treatments did not change the serum concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol or uterine weight in control rats, but they were higher in the positive-control group. TTK rats exhibited higher daily energy expenditure, particularly fat oxidation, without modifying the energy intake than the controls. TTK lowered the fat mass but lean body mass of the abdomen and leg were increased. JGT decreased periuterine fat mass and lean body mass more than the control but the decrease was not as much as TTK. TTK resulted in substantially lower serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, than the control and JGT had lesser effect than TTK. Insulin resistance, determined by homeostasis model assessment estimate for assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin tolerance test, was reduced in the decreasing order of control, JGT, JGTT, and TTK and the HOMA-IR of TTK was similar to the positive control. TTK, but not JGT, enhanced glucose tolerance compared with the control, although the serum insulin levels in TTK were lower compared to the control. Interestingly, the beta-cell masses were much greater in the TTK and JGTT groups than in the control, and they were comparable to the positive control. The increases in beta-cell masses in TTK and JGTT groups were associated with enhanced beta-cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, which was related to the decreased TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 beta expressions. In conclusion, JGTT did not improve menopausal symptoms better than TTK itself. TTK itself prevented the OVX-induced impairments in energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, similar to the positive control, without changing serum17 beta-estradiol levels and potentiating insulin signaling and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines. TTK may be a useful intervention to alleviate some menopausal symptoms similar to selective estrogen receptor modulators and should be investigated with further human study.</P>

Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Effect of Vitex rotundifolia Extract on Mice with Collagen-Induced Arthritis

Lee, Hyun-A,Lee, Hye Won,Ryuk, Jin Ah,Kil, Ki-Jung,Ko, Byoung Seob The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Effects of 70% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of V. rotundifolia (VRE) on the activation of IgG2 and histology in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) as a model of rheumatoid arthritis were examined. Histological changes in the knee joints were evaluated and determined the serum anti-type II collagen IgG2a and IgG2b levels in CIA. VRE treatment significantly decreased the arthritis index, the synovial cartilage erosion, and the serum IgG2a and IgG2b levels, suggesting that V. rotundifolia might be useful for treating rheumatoid arthritis.