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Shengpeng Zhan,Ruize Li,Tian Yang,Dan Jia,Jiesong Tu,Lixin Ma,Bingxue Cheng,Haitao Duan 한국고분자학회 2023 폴리머 Vol.47 No.3
The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of polymer materials used in water environment for a long time will change due to their water absorption characteristics, which will affect their tribological properties. This work studied the changes of physicochemical, mechanical, and tribological properties for five kinds of polymer materials (polyethylene, polyformaldehyde,polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and poly-ether-etherketone) before and after water absorption. The mechanism of water absorption for polymer materials was revealed by molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that the higher the water absorption of polymer, the larger the swelling volume, the more the surface hardness and compressive strength decrease, and the toughness and friction coefficient of the material increase obviously. The water absorption status of polymer materials is closely related to the polarity of molecular chain. Water molecules are easy to form hydrogen bonds with polymer molecular chains of high polarity, which is the main factor of water absorption.
Crowding-out Effect of SOEs on Market-based Organizational Forms in China: Implication for Korea
Chenguang Huang,윤경환,Ruize Cai 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.4
Purpose We examine how an old organizational form interacts with a new one to maintain the former’s status and legitimacy during the change process in institutional logics. We focus on how state-owned enterprises (SOEs) crowd out three market-based organizational forms to maintain legitimacy and status during institutional change from state logic to market logic in China. In addition, we examine the moderating effects of export intensity and firm age of market-based enterprises on the aforementioned relationship. Design/Methodology/Approach To test our hypotheses, we use a panel data set on manufacturing firms in China from 2011 to 2015. We utilize event history analysis because our dependent variable is the exit of market-based firms. We select the parametric Weibull model because it outperforms other survival models. Findings Our results generally support our hypotheses. SOEs crowd out market-based organizational forms mainly owing to identity conflict. SOEs are likely to be hostile toward market-based firms with strong market identity, such as those with high export intensity and old market-based firms. Research Implications Findings provide implications for policy makers and market-based enterprise managers in Korea. We highlight that Chinese and Korean SOEs are not precisely comparable but they are similar in several ways. We propose that policy makers in Korea develop and implement policy measures to control SOEs’ negative actions toward market-based firms and to dilute SOEs’ state identity. Lastly, we suggest that Korean market-based enterprise managers consider the effect of market identity on their survival and build connections with the government to strengthen market-based firms’ competitiveness and legitimacy.
Miao Cui,Qinglei Bu,Yutao Cai,Ruize Sun,Wen Liu,Huiqing Wen,Sang Lam,Yung. C. Liang,Ivona Z. Mitrovic,Stephen Taylor,Paul R. Chalker,Cezhou Zhao 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
This study proposed a 100 kHz, 5V/11V boost converter with an integrated gate driver for a power switching device using recessed E-mode MIS-HFETs. The integrated gate driver consisting of multi-stages DCFL (Direct-Coupled FET Logic) inverters and a buffer stage, has large input swing (up to 10 V) and wide noise margin with gate dielectric, which benefits applications requiring large gate swing without any additional drivers or level shifters. The impact of transistor size on rise times and fall times have been studied. Either buffer stage or larger width of DCFL inverter can reduce rise times from 2.4 μs to less than 0.5 μs at 100 kHz, so the output voltage of boost converter is increased by 10 % at a duty cycle of 0.7. However, large buffer width can result in high gate overshoot and oscillation, indicating careful design to balance switching speed and oscillation.
Inverse behavior of IL-23R and IL-17RA in chronic and aggressive periodontitis
Ruiz-Gutierrez, Alondra del Carmen,Rodriguez-Montano, Ruth,Pita-Lopez, Maria Luisa,Zamora-Perez, Ana Lourdes,Guerrero-Velazquez, Celia Korean Academy of Periodontology 2021 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.51 No.4
Purpose: Periodontitis is associated with a dysbiosis of periodontopathic bacteria, which stimulate the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis that plays an essential role in the immunopathogenesis of this disease, leading to alveolar bone destruction through receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). IL-23 receptor mRNA (IL-23R) has been identified in periodontitis, and IL-17 receptor A mRNA (IL-17RA) and its protein have not yet been evaluated in patients with periodontitis. In this study was measure IL-23R and IL-17RA in gingival tissue (GT) from patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) and to explore correlations with clinical parameters. Methods: We included 16 healthy subjects (HS), 18 patients with GCP, and 14 with GAP. GT samples were collected during periodontal surgery. Both IL-23R and IL-17RA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman' rank correlation coefficients using SPSS version 25.0. We found lower IL-23R levels in patients with GCP and GAP than in HS. Contrarily, we observed higher IL-17RA levels in GCP and GAP patients than in HS. Moreover, we found negative correlations between IL-23R in GT and probing depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Likewise, a positive correlation of IL-17RA in GT with CAL was found. Conclusions: The results of these findings suggest that the reverse behavior between IL-23R and IL-17RA in periodontitis patients may also be involved with the activation of RANKL, which promotes alveolar bone loss.
Ruiz-Torres, Claudio Adrian,Araujo-Martí,nez, René,Fernando,Martí,nez-Castañ,ó,n, Gabriel Alejandro,Morales-Sá,nchez, J. Elpidio,Guajardo-Pacheco, Jesú,s Mar& Elsevier 2018 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol.336 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The use of nanoscale zero-valent iron has been widely studied in recent years for potential application in environmental engineering, due to its affinity for a large number of contaminants, which may be in aqueous or solid phase, and for its abundance, which makes it an attractive tool for environmental remediation. However, there exist some variables in the production of nZVI that complicate the generation of the material, such as the complex methodologies of synthesis and the cost of inert conditions like nitrogen or argon atmosphere, which have the purpose of preventing the oxidation and reducing the instability of the material under ambient conditions. As a simple and economical synthesis methodology, this work presents an optimized method to synthesize functionalized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using ethylene glycol (EG) without need for inert conditions. The coordination of iron ions during the nZVI-EG synthesis and the functionalization mechanism of the nanoparticles were identified by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Functionalized nZVI showed increased dispersibility due to the effects of steric repulsion between the grafted polymers. Ethylene glycol functionalized nZVI showed stability against oxidation during dry atmospheric condition, while significant oxidation was observed in the case of unfunctionalized nZVI. This result was also correlated with actual capacity for contaminant reduction. Therefore, the possibility was verified of using ethylene glycol in an effective surface modification method to prepare air stable nZVI for environmental remediation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Air-stable nZVI could be prepared by ethylene glycol without inert condition. </LI> <LI> Smaller and narrower size distribution could be obtained by functionalization. </LI> <LI> The nZVI-EG exhibited a protection effect against oxidation in oxic conditions. </LI> <LI> The reaction kinetics was not hindered by the organic functionalization agent EG. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Effects of Candida norvegensis Live Cells on In vitro Oat Straw Rumen Fermentation
Ruiz, Oscar,Castillo, Yamicela,Arzola, Claudio,Burrola, Eduviges,Salinas, Jaime,Corral, Agustin,Hume, Michael E.,Murillo, Manuel,Itza, Mateo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.2
This study evaluated the effect of Candida norvegensis (C. norvegensis) viable yeast culture on in vitro ruminal fermentation of oat straw. Ruminal fluid was mixed with buffer solution (1:2) and anaerobically incubated with or without yeast at $39^{\circ}C$ for 0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h. A fully randomized design was used. There was a decrease in lactic acid (quadratic, p = 0.01), pH, (quadratic, p = 0.02), and yeasts counts (linear, p<0.01) across fermentation times. However, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and ammonia-N increased across fermentation times (quadratic; p<0.01 and p<0.02, respectively). Addition of yeast cells caused a decrease in pH values compared over all fermentation times (p<0.01), and lactic acid decreased at 12 h (p = 0.05). Meanwhile, yeast counts increased (p = 0.01) at 12 h. C. norvegensis increased ammonia-N at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h (p<0.01), and IVDMD of oat straw increased at 8, 12, and 24 h (p<0.01) of fermentation. Yeast cells increased acetate (p<0.01), propionate (p<0.03), and butyrate (p<0.03) at 8 h, while valeriate and isovaleriate increased at 8, 12, and 24 h (p<0.01). The yeast did not affect cellulolytic bacteria (p = 0.05), but cellulolytic fungi increased at 4 and 8 h (p<0.01), whereas production of methane decreased (p<0.01) at 8 h. It is concluded that addition of C. norvegensis to in vitro oat straw fermentation increased ruminal fermentation parameters as well as microbial growth with reduction of methane production. Additionally, yeast inoculum also improved IVDMD.