Combined blockade of HER2 and VEGF exerts greater growth inhibition of HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer xenografts than individual blockade

Rohit Singh,김우진,김평현,홍효정 생화학분자생물학회 2013 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.45 No.11

Gastric cancer overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) protein has a poor outcome, although a combination of chemotherapy and the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab has been approved for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in gastric cancer is correlated with recurrence and poor prognosis; however, the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab has shown limited efficacy against gastric cancer in clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor effects of trastuzumab; VEGF-Trap binding to VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placental growth factor (PlGF); and a combination of trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap in a gastric cancer xenograft model. Although trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap each moderately inhibited tumor growth, the combination of these agents exerted greater inhibition compared with either agent alone. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the reduction in tumor growth was associated with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of tumor cells and decreased tumor vascular density. The combined treatment resulted in fewer proliferating tumor cells, more apoptotic cells and reduced tumor vascular density compared with treatment with trastuzumab or VEGF-Trap alone, indicating that trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap had additive inhibitory effects on the tumor growth and angiogenesis of the gastric cancer xenografts. These data suggest that trastuzumab in combination with VEGF-Trap may represent an effective approach to treating HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer.

Modelling of the Thermophysical Properties in Ar-He-H<SUB>2</SUB> Thermal Plasmas with Electronic Excitation

Rohit Sharma,Gurpreet Singh,Kuldip Singh 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.6

The role of electronically excited states (EES) in the thermophysical properties of a ternary Ar-He-H<SUB>2</SUB> mixture has been examined in the temperature range from 6000 to 40000 K at pressures of p = 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 atm in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The influence of electronic excitation was observed to be enhanced with increasing pressure, and for pressures from p = 0.1 to 1.0 atm, the enthalpy, frozen specific heat, total specific heat, electrical conductivity and electron thermal conductivity were enhanced by 1.22%, 30%, 5%, 1.5%, and 2%, respectively, whereas for pressures p = 1.0 to 5.0 atm, the enhancements in these properties were 2.8%, 20%, 6%, 4.5%, and 14.3%, respectively. At higher pressures (p = 5 atm), pronounced contributions to these properties of 11%, 62%, 26%, 18%, and 28%, respectively were noted. Due to the significant contribution of electronic excitation to these properties, considering its influence in modelling plasma processes is important.

4-1BB immunotherapy: advances and hurdles

Singh Rohit,Kim Young-Ho,Lee Sang-Jin,Eom Hyeon-Seok,Choi Beom K. 생화학분자생물학회 2024 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.56 No.-

Since its initial description 35 years ago as an inducible molecule expressed in cytotoxic and helper T cells, 4-1BB has emerged as a crucial receptor in T-cell-mediated immune functions. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of 4-1BB in infection and tumor immunity. However, the clinical development of 4-1BB agonist antibodies has been impeded by the occurrence of strong adverse events, notably hepatotoxicity, even though these antibodies have exhibited tremendous promise in in vivo tumor models. Efforts are currently underway to develop a new generation of agonist antibodies and recombinant proteins with modified effector functions that can harness the potent T-cell modulation properties of 4-1BB while mitigating adverse effects. In this review, we briefly examine the role of 4-1BB in T-cell biology, explore its clinical applications, and discuss future prospects in the field of 4-1BB agonist immunotherapy.

Effects of Erythropoietin on Memory Deficits and Brain Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Models of Dementia

Rohit Kumar,Nirmal Singh,Amteshwar Singh Jaggi 대한약리학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.5

The present study was undertaken to explore the potential of erythropoietin in memory deficits of mice. Memory impairment was produced by scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (i.c.v STZ, 3 mg/kg, 10 μl, 1st and 3rd day) in separate groups of animals. Morris watermaze test was employed to assess learning and memory. The levels of brain thio-barbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated to assess degree of oxidative stress. Brain acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity was also measured. Scopolamine/streptozotocin administration induced significant impairment of learning and memory in mice as indicated by marked decrease in Morris water-maze performance. Scopolamine/streptozotocin administration also produced a significant enhancement of brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress (an increase in TBARS and a decrease in GSH) levels. Treatment of erythropoietin (500 and 1,000 IU/Kg i.p.) significantly reversed scopolamine- as well as streptozotocin-induced learning and memory deficits along with attenuation of those-induced rise in brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress levels. It may be concluded that erythropoietin exerts a beneficial effect in memory deficits of mice possibly through its multiple actions including potential anti-oxidative effect.

Effects of Erythropoietin on Memory Deficits and Brain Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Models of Dementia

Kumar, Rohit,Jaggi, Amteshwar Singh,Singh, Nirmal The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.5

The present study was undertaken to explore the potential of erythropoietin in memory deficits of mice. Memory impairment was produced by scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, $i.p.$) and intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (i.c.v STZ, 3 mg/kg, $10{\mu}l$, $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$ day) in separate groups of animals. Morris water-maze test was employed to assess learning and memory. The levels of brain thio-barbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated to assess degree of oxidative stress. Brain acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity was also measured. Scopolamine/streptozotocin administration induced significant impairment of learning and memory in mice as indicated by marked decrease in Morris water-maze performance. Scopolamine/streptozotocin administration also produced a significant enhancement of brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress (an increase in TBARS and a decrease in GSH) levels. Treatment of erythropoietin (500 and 1,000 IU/Kg i.p.) significantly reversed scopolamine- as well as streptozotocin-induced learning and memory deficits along with attenuation of those-induced rise in brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress levels. It may be concluded that erythropoietin exerts a beneficial effect in memory deficits of mice possibly through its multiple actions including potential anti-oxidative effect.

Identifying Adverse Remodeling in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes Role of Left Atrial Parameters

Dutt Shivam,Tandon Rohit,Sondh Mandeep Singh,Bansal Namita,Singh Gurbhej,Mohan Bishav,Singh Bhupinder,Wander Gurpreet Singh 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2021 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.5 No.1

Objective: Documenting adverse remodeling in absence of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and mitral regurgitation in a classical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) phenotype is difficult. Changes in the left atrium (LA) are a consequence of progressive left ventricular (LV) fibrosis and have been shown to progress in a linear fashion. Therefore, studying LA changes for identifying adverse remodeling in HCMP patients is important. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study which included HCMP patients and age- and gender-matched controls. Various echocardiographic parameters of adverse cardiac remodeling were investigated. Results: A total of 160 patients with HCMP and 75 age- and sex-matched controls were analyzed over a 5-year period. HCMP patients had an enlarged LA, greater segmental thickness, and mildly increased LV filling pressure. Patients with maximum LA volume >40 mL and global LA strain <21.5% showed greater maximum segmental thickness and increased ratio of pulse wave Doppler derived mitral E wave and tissue Doppler derived annular e wave with reduced LA strain and LV strain, LA emptying fraction, and strain-derived LV ejection fraction. In both groups, significant difference was not observed in age, sex, HCMP phenotype, presence or absence of LVOT obstruction, LV volume, and mitral Doppler ratio of pulse wave Doppler derived mitral E and A waves. Conclusion: Monitoring HCMP in asymptomatic patients is challenging. Assessment of adverse cardiac remodeling in classical HCMP phenotype is feasible using global LA strain and maximum LA volume. Global LA strain identifies early changes and maximum LA volume late changes of cardiac remodeling and therefore provide an early indication of disease progression in asymptomatic HCMP patients.

A Heuristics-based Static Analysis Approach for Detecting Packed PE Binaries

Rohit Arora,Anishka Singh,Himanshu Pareek,Usha Rani Edara 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.7 No.5

Current status on designing of dual Z-scheme photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications

Rohit Kumar,Anita Sudhaik,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Pankaj Raizada,Abdullah M. Asiri,Satyabrata Mohapatra,Sourbh Thakur,Vijay Kumar Thakur,Pardeep Singh 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-

Growing pollution and high energy demand are some of the major issues against humans. Waterpollution is one of the main problems created due to industrial waste and irresponsible human activities. Nowadays, photocatalysis is rising as an efficient alternative to overcome the energy requirement andwater purification, as it can use solar light as a source of energy. Due to some limitations of photocatalysts,such as photocarriers recombination, low surface area, and limited light absorption, modificationssuch as defect modifications, heterojunction can be employed. Out of all, Z-scheme heterojunction is aproficient way to overwhelm the limitation of pristine photocatalysts. To enhance the activity of Zschemephotocatalyst, even more, a dual Z-scheme photocatalytic scheme has been developed in whichtwo Z-scheme based charge transfer occur simultaneously on a ternary photocatalyst. In this review, wehave discussed the different types of dual Z-schemes along with their application in water purificationand finally, we have discussed the future prospects for further research.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsies increase the rate of cancer detection in populations with a low incidence of prostate cancer

Rohit Kaushal,Chandan J. Das,Prabhjot Singh,Prem Nath Dogra,Rajeev Kumar 대한비뇨의학회 2019 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.60 No.3

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic yield of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-fusion, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies for detection of prostate cancer in an Asian population with a low incidence of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 males with suspected prostate cancer were recruited to undergo fusion biopsy with the Artemis prostate fusion biopsy device (Eigen, Grass Valley, CA, USA). All patients underwent standard 12-core systematic biopsies in addition to biopsies targeted at the mpMRI-identified abnormal regions. Yield from the standard cores was compared with that from the targeted cores. Gleason scores of 4+3 or higher were considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.54±7.96 years and the mean prostate-specific antigen value was 9.75±5.35 ng/mL. A total of 36 patients had cancer, of which 3 (8.3%) were detected only on standard cores and 3 (8.3%) only on targeted cores. Of the clinically significant cancers (n=30), targeted biopsy detected a higher number (28/30, 93.3%) than standard biopsy (21/30, 70.0%). A total of 6 of 8 cancers (75.0%) that were insignificant on standard biopsy were upgraded to significant cancer on targeted cores. Conclusions: Eight percent of cancers were detected only on MRI-TRUS fusion-targeted biopsies, whereas the method upgraded more than two-thirds of insignificant cancers to significant cancers. Fusion biopsies thus provide incremental information over standard TRUS biopsies in the diagnosis of significant prostate cancer in populations with a low incidence of prostate cancer.

Prediction of milling chatter using SBLMD-ANN

Rohit Mishra,Bhagat Singh 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2

In the present study, acquired audio signal in milling operation is processed in order to extract tool chatter features. Further, six artificial neural network (ANN) training algorithms viz. Resilient propagation (RP), conjugate gradient based (CGP and SCG), quasiNewton based (BFGS and OSS) and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LM) are used to train the data set. Among these, the most suitable one has been selected and further invoked to develop prediction model of chatter severity in terms of chatter indicator (CI). Finally, developed prediction model has been critically explored to analyze milling stability conditions.