Thermodynamic Analyses of Multiple Evaporators Vapor Compression Refrigeration Systems with R410A, R290, R1234YF, R502, R404A, R152A and R134A

KAPIL CHOPRA,V. SAHNI,R. S. MISHRA 대한설비공학회 2014 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.22 No.1

In this paper, comparative thermodynamic analysis of system-1 (multiple evaporators and compressorswith individual expansion valves) and system-2 (multiple evaporators and compressorswith multiple expansion valves) has been presented which is based on energy and exergy principles. The comparison of systems-1 and -2 using ecofriendly R410A, R290, R1234YF, R502,R404A, R152A and R134A refrigerants was done in terms of COP (energetic effciency), exergeticeffciency and system defect. Numerical model has been developed for systems-1 and -2 for ¯ndingout irreversibility and it was observed that system-2 is better system in comparison with system-1for selected refrigerants. It was also found that R152a shows better performances than otherconsidered refrigerants for both systems.

Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Doe

Singh, N.S.,Gawande, P.G.,Mishra, O.P.,Nema, R.K.,Mishra, U.K.,Singh, Mohan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.6

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Ultrasonographic scanning with real time B-mode ultrasound machine having 5 MHz linear array transducer was performed on gravid uterus (n=24) obtained from slaughterhouse (Group I). Crown rump length (CRL) measured by ultrasound was found significantly different (p<0.05) with actual CRL measured after dissection in early pregnancy. However, age predicted by ultrasound through the measurement of CRL was found highly correlated (r=0.92) with age measured after dissection through CRL and the weight of fetus. Ages predicted by ultrasound through the measurement of trunk diameter (TD) and uterine diameter (UD) and ages measured after dissection were found highly and equally correlated (r=0.98) and did not differ significantly. Data from six does synchronized (Group II) with PGF2$\alpha$ (Estrumate) at 11 days apart were collected through ultrasound from 17 to 42 days post breding. The correlation between CRL and gestational age was high (r=0.97) in day 30 to 42 post breeding. A high coefficient of correlation (r=0.98) was also observed between predicated age by ultrasound and actual age calculated after kidding. The correlation between CRL and gestational age by the formula Y=(a+bX) i.e. Y=24.42+0.39 X where Y=gestational age and X=CRL, was recorded very high (r=0.99). Accuracy of ultrasonography was lowest on day 17 to 19 (66%) and reached 100% on day 34. Data from 30 does (group III) randomly subjected to only one time ultrasounds scanning to assess the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis were also obtained. Ages predicted by TD and UD measurements were observed to be non-significantly different with actual age obtained after kidding and correlation between ages predicted by TD and UD measurement with actual age after kidding was found equally and highly correlated (r=0.98). The operator's accuracy in the whole experiment including all three groups was found to be 92%. The sensitivity was 93% and specificity was 86%. From the present study, it was observed that CRL was the most reliable parameter to find out gestational age in early pregnancy and the new formula derived was found very accurate to find out gestational age. TD and UD were also found to be equally reliable parameter to find out gestational age in mid and late stage of pregnancy through ultrasonography. It was concluded that ultrasonography by real time B mode with 5 MHz transrectal transducer was found to be reliable, safe and accurate and practicable means in diagnosing early pregnancy diagnosis as early as 25 days post breeding.

A DIFFERENTIABLE MANIFOLD WITH f-STRUCTURE OF RANK r-

Mishra, R.S. Department of Mathematics 1974 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.14 No.1

Anomalous behavior of acoustic phonon in dense thermo-responsive microgel suspension studied using Brillouin scattering

R.G. Joshi,K.K. Mishra,V. Sivasubramanian,B.V.R. Tata 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.10

We report the propagation of sound waves in a suspension of dense thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels as a function of temperature using Brillouin light scattering. In the dense PNIPAM microgel glass, a single longitudinal acoustic (LA) mode is found to propagate at the velocity intermediate between that of polymer and water phases, and is attributed to the sound wave propagating through the water-microgel composite media. The LA mode shows two interesting features with respect to temperature: i) frequency of LA mode increases upon increase in temperature with anomalous behavior in the vicinity of glass transition and volume phase transition temperatures, ii) the width of LA mode shows minimum near volume phase transition temperature. These observations are attributed to the variation of size and elasticity of PNIPAM microgel particles with temperature. At room temperature the static and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies on dense PNIPAM microgel suspension confirm a glassy state. In addition, DLS is used to identify the volume phase transition of microgels and glass transition of dense suspension. These temperatures corresponding to glass transition and volume phase transition are found to be consistent with that obtained from Brillouin light scattering results.

Preparation and characterization of highly conducting and transparent Al doped CdO thin films by pulsed laser deposition

R.K. Gupta,K. Ghosh,R. Patel,S.R. Mishra,P.K. Kahol 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

Highly conducting and transparent aluminum doped CdO thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of growth temperature on structural, electrical, and optical properties was studied. It is observed that the film orientation changes from preferred (111) plane to (200) plane with increase in growth temperature. The electrical resistivity of the films was found to increase with increase in growth temperature. The low resistivity of 4.3 × 10-5 Ωcm and high transparency (~85%) was obtained for the film grown at 150 ℃. The band gap of the films varies from 2.74 eV to 2.84 eV.

SnO2 quantum dots decorated on RGO: a superior sensitive, selective and reproducible performance for a H2 and LPG sensor.

Mishra, R K,Upadhyay, S B,Kushwaha, Ajay,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Murali, G,Verma, Ranjana,Srivastava, Manish,Singh, Jay,Sahay, P P,Lee, Seung Hee RSC Pub 2015 Nanoscale Vol.7 No.28

<P>We report the H2 and LPG gas sensing behavior of RGO/SnO2 QDs synthesized by a surfactant assisted hydrothermal method. The RGO/SnO2 QD based sensor shows a high response of 89.3% to H2 and 92.4% to LPG for 500 ppm test gas concentration at operating temperatures of 200 C and 250 C, respectively. Further, the RGO/SnO2 QD based sensor shows good selectivity for H2 and LPG in the presence of other interfering gases such as ammonia, chloroform, toluene, benzene, acetone, n-butylacetate, acetic acid and formic acid. We observed that the gas response to H2 is 29.8 times higher than that to acetic acid whereas the gas response to LPG is 17.8 times higher than that to formic acid. Long-term analyses have also been performed to demonstrate the reproducible nature of the RGO/SnO2 QD based sensor over passing time which shows excellent reproducibility.</P>

INTEGRABILITY CONDITIONS OF AN ALMOST CONTACT MANIFOLD

Mishra, R.S. Department of Mathematics 1973 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.13 No.2

Effect of Sodium Hydroxide plus Hydrogen Peroxide Treated Mustard (Brassica campestris) Straw Based Diets on Rumen Degradation Kinetics (In sacco), Fermentation Pattern and Nutrient Utilization in Sheep

Mishra, A.S.,Misra, A.K.,Tripathi, M.K.,Santra, A.,Prasad, R.,Jakhmola, R.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.3

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment (1% NaOH+1.5% $H_2O_2$; 1 AHPMS, 2% NaOH+1.5% $H_2O_2$; 2AHPMS) on rate and extent of degradation of mustard straw (MS) in sacco in sheep, and its in vivo digestion and ruminal fermentation characteristics when fed to sheep with concentrate (200 g per sheep daily). The treatment of straw with 1 and 2% AHP increased its sodium content by 148 and 296% to that of untreated straw (UMS). There was significant decrease in NDF and hemicellulose contents of AHP treated straw and increase in cellulose and lignin contents. Phenolic acids like ferrulic, $\rho$-coumaric and o-coumaric significantly (p<0.001) reduced by AHP treatment of mustard straw. In first experiment the in sacco degradation of DM, OM and NDF was significantly (p<0.01) greater for 2 AHPMS than for UMS at all incubation periods. The disappearance of nutrient from 1 AHPMS and 2 AHPMS treated straws continue to increase up to 96 h whereas in UMS the peak disappearance was found at 48 h. By using the equation {(y=a+b) ($1-e^{-ct}$)} the degradation rates (c) for DM, OM, and NDF were significantly higher for UMS than AHP treated straws. Level of alkali (1 and 2%) had significant effect on degradation characteristics (a, b, c and $P_{0.05}$) of DM and NDF fraction of MS. However, the effect was not pronounced on OM fraction of MS. In feeding experiment, the intake of nutrients for DM, OM, cell wall constituents and energy was higher on 2 AHPMS, whereas no effect on the digestibility of these nutrients was observed. The apparent nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) both in 1 and 2 AHPMS groups. Water intake by animals was significantly increased due to AHP treated mustard straw feeding. Rumen liquor pH was higher in 2 AHPMS fed animals. The $NH_3-N$ of rumen liquor was not affected by feeding of AHP treated MS based diets. Total VFA concentration was significantly (p<0.01) higher in UMS fed group. The fractional out flow rate of DM was higher (p<0.05) in animals fed on 2 AHPMS diets compared to UMS and lAHPMS fed groups. The population of large holotrichs was higher (p<0.05) on AHP treated MS fed diets compared to UMS. The study indicated that treatment of mustard straw with AHP changed its chemical composition towards a better feed. The nutritive value of 2% AHP treated mustard straw was better in terms of dry matter intake and apparent nitrogen retention. The higher in sacco DM, OM and NDF disappearance however, was not confirmed by in vivo data in this study.

Ratcheting Fatigue Behaviour of Zircaloy‑2 at 300 °C

R. S. Rajpurohit,Prerna Mishra,N. C. Santhi Srinivas,S. R. Singh,V. Singh 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.9

In laboratory, materials designed for engineering applications, specifically for fatigue, are generally tested under symmetricalcyclic loading (stress ratio, R = −1), but many structural components exhibit less fatigue life than predicted from symmetricloading due to asymmetric cyclic loading during service. This study deals with fatigue behaviour of Zircaloy-2 and presentsthe effect of mean stress (σm), stress amplitude (σa), stress rate ( ̇ ) on fatigue life, deformation and fracture behaviour at300 °C under asymmetric cyclic loading. A series of fatigue tests are performed at 300 °C under asymmetric stress-controlledloading with different combinations of σm (60–80 MPa), σa (115–135 MPa) and ̇ (30–750 MPa/s). Deformation behaviourand microstructural changes under the influence of above parameters (σm, σa and ̇ ) are examined by transmission electronmicroscope. It is observed that plastic strain increases with rise in σm as well as σa and cyclic life is reduced; on the otherhand, with increase in ̇ accumulation of plastic strain decreases and fatigue life is enhanced. The results are correlated withmicrostructural changes and fracture behaviour of the material under different test conditions.

Design and Numerical Investigation of CsSn0.5 Ge0.5 I3 Perovskite Photodetector with Optimized Performances

Kamal Mishra,R. K. Chauhan,Rajan Mishra,Vaibhava Srivastava 한국전기전자재료학회 2024 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.25 No.1

An optoelectronic device to detects incident light and convert it into an electrical signal is known as a photodetector. To obtain higher responsivity and detectivity of photo detector, suitable materials are required. In the present study, an inorganic leadfree perovskite CsSn 0.5 Ge0.5 I3 material is utilized as an active layer for photodetector applications, together with Nb2 O5 as electron transport layer (ETL) and CuSbSe2 as hole transport layer (HTL). The perovskite photodetector (PePd) is simulated by employing Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-One Dimensional (SCAPS-1D) software. We have thoroughly investigated the impact of various parameters such as the defect density and donor concentration of active layer, series and shunt resistance, the thickness of active layer and metal work function of back contact using numerical simulation. Under standard AM 1.5G irradiance, we obtained the detectivity (D*) and responsivity (R) of the proposed photodetector are 3.3 × 10 13 Jones and 0.54 AW -1 respectively. The proposed device performances reveal that it is suitable for high performance photodetector.