BAX inhibitor-1 enhances cancer metastasis by altering glucose metabolism and activating the sodium-hydrogen exchanger: the alteration of mitochondrial function

Lee, G-H,Yan, C,Shin, S-J,Hong, S-C,Ahn, T,Moon, A,Park, S J,Lee, Y C,Yoo, W H,Kim, H-T,Kim, D-S,Chae, S-W,Kim, H-R,Chae, H-J Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010 Oncogene Vol.29 No.14

The anti-apoptotic protein, BAX inhibitor-1 (BI-1), has a role in cancer/tumor progression. BI-1-overexpressing HT1080 and B16F10 cells produced higher lung weights and tumor volumes after injection into the tail veins of mice. Transfection of BI-1 siRNA into cells before injection blocked lung metastasis. in vitro, the overexpression of BI-1 increased cell mobility and invasiveness, with highly increased glucose consumption and cytosolic accumulation of lactate and pyruvate, but decreased mitochondrial O<SUB>2</SUB> consumption and ATP production. Glucose metabolism-associated extracellular pH also decreased as cells excreted more H<SUP>+</SUP>, and sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE) activity increased, probably as a homeostatic mechanism for intracellular pH. These alterations activated MMP 2/9 and cell mobility and invasiveness, which were reversed by the NHE inhibitor, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA), suggesting a role for NHE in cancer metastasis. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, C-terminal deleted (CΔBI-1) cells showed similar results to control cells, suggesting that the C-terminal motif is required for BI-1-associated alterations of glucose metabolism, NHE activation and cancer metastasis. These findings strongly suggest that BI-1 reduces extracellular pH and regulates metastasis by altering glucose metabolism and activating NHE, with the C-terminal tail having a pivotal role in these processes.

Thermofluidic Characteristics of a Porous Ventilated Brake Disk

Yan, H. B.,Mew, T.,Lee, M.-G.,Kang, K.-J.,Lu, T. J.,Kienhö,fer, F. W.,Kim, T. AMERICAN SOCIETY MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 2015 Journal of Heat Transfer Vol.137 No.2

N-doped carbon layer coated thermally exfoliated graphene and its capacitive behavior in redox active electrolyte

Yan, Y.,Kuila, T.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, S.H.,Lee, J.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Carbon Vol.85 No.-

A nitrogen-doped carbon layer coated thermally exfoliated graphene (NC-TEG) is prepared by in-situ polymerization of p-phenylene diamine (PD) with thermally exfoliated graphene (TEG) and subsequent high temperature pyrolysis (600<SUP>o</SUP>C for 1h in argon gas environment). Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirm the formation of poly-(p-phenylene diamine) layers on the TEG surfaces with a nitrogen doping level of ~6.1%. Physisorption analysis indicates that NC-TEG not only has the enlarged surface area, but also forms hierarchical three dimensional structures with several micro and meso-pores compared to pristine TEG. Due to the synergic effect of nitrogen atoms in the carbon structures and augmented surface area, the capacitance measured from cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge-discharge increases to 282.5Fg<SUP>-1</SUP> from the 95.1Fg<SUP>-1</SUP> of TEG. Moreover, the PD monomer acts as a reversible faradaic agent. The capacitive performance of the NC-TEG electrode is investigated in different mixed electrolytes. The specific capacitance is significantly increased to 635.6Fg<SUP>-1</SUP> in a mixed electrolyte of 0.025M PD and 2M KOH. After 10,000 cycles, the capacitive retention shows remarkable stability as high as 87.4%.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of C, F-codoped TiO₂ loaded with AgCl

Yan, H.,Kochuveedu, S.T.,Quan, L.N.,Lee, S.S.,Kim, D.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.560 No.-

A protocol is reported for the development of a unique type of a co-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> with two kinds of non-metal atoms, carbon (C) and fluorine (F), as a visible-light active photocatalyst system. C, F-codoped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoobjects with anatase phase were synthesized by calcination of a mixture of TiOF<SUB>2</SUB> and sulfuric-acid-treated melamine. The C, F co-doping resulted in a red-shift of the absorption edge to 510nm from the 390-nm value obtained for a control TiO<SUB>2</SUB> photocatalyst. The C, F-codoped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> shows photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the loading of AgCl into the parent co-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> enhanced its activity for degradation of methylene blue dye by about 3.5times in the first hour irradiation. A brief mechanism responsible for the enhancement is proposed in terms of the transfer of holes from C, F-codoped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> to the AgCl phase.

Comparative Effects of Phytase Derived from Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger in Sixty Eight-week-old Laying Hens Fed Corn-soy Diet

Yan, L.,Zhou, T.X.,Jang, H.D.,Hyun, Y.,Kim, H.S.,Kim, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.10

Two hundred and sixteen 68-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were used in a 6-week feeding trial to compare the efficacy of phytases Optiphos (OPT) and Natuphos (NAT), which were isolated from Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, respectively. Hens were randomly allotted into six treatments with six replications (six layers in three adjacent cages) per treatment according to their initial BW. The hens were then subjected to one of the following dietary treatments: i) Positive Control (PC; available phosphorus (AP) 0.4%); ii) Negative control (NC; AP 0.2%); iii) NAT1 (NC+250 FTU/kg NAT); iv) NAT2 (NC+500 FTU/kg NAT); v) OPT1 (NC+250 FTU/kg OPT); vi) OPT2 (NC+500 FTU/kg OPT). Feed intake, egg production, egg quality, apparent nutrient digestibility and serum P and Ca concentration were evaluated to compare the effect of the two phytases. Feed intake and eggshell thickness were not affected by the treatments. Superior effects (p<0.05) of OPT were only observed in egg production and egg weight compared with NAT. Characteristics such as eggshell breaking strength, apparent digestibility of N, Ca and P and serum P concentration were equally increased with the supplementation of both phytases (p<0.05), where no significant difference was observed in those characteristics between PC and phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg. Equally effective improvements (p<0.05) were also observed in egg production and DM digestibility, where no improvements were observed (p<0.05) between the PC group and the groups with phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg. Equal increases in the serum Ca level were observed when the groups with phytase supplementation were compared to the PC group. Overall, the results of this study suggest that NAT and OPT are equally effective at liberating phytate-bound complexes when included in 0.2% available phosphorus diets for 68-week laying hens; either source of phytase can be fed to commercial 68-week laying hens at 500 FTU/kg to correct the negative effects associated with a 0.2% available phosphorus diet. In conclusion, either source of phytase can be fed to commercial first cycle laying hens at 500 FTU/kg to effectively replace inorganic phosphorus when economically justified.

Effects of acid vapour mediated oxidization on the electrochemical performance of thermally exfoliated graphene

Yan, Y.,Kuila, T.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, J.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Carbon Vol.74 No.-

The surface modification of thermally exfoliated graphene (TEG) is an important technique for alteration of its hydrophobic nature and the resolution of its limited dispersibility. We have developed an easy acid-vapour-mediated method to functionalize the inert TEG surface with oxygen functional groups. The effects of oxygen functional groups on the capacitive performances of TEG were investigated with various reaction times. Ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the dispersibility of TEG was improved due to defect augmenting as the extent of oxidation progressed. Quantitative analyses of functional groups of the oxidized TEG samples (O-TEGs) were performed by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies. Physisorption surface analysis showed that the pore volumes of O-TEGs were greater than that of the pristine TEG, whereas the specific surface areas of O-TEGs were lower than that of pristine TEG. Electrochemical performances of the O-TEG samples were measured through cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. A maximum specific capacitance of 175.2Fg<SUP>-1</SUP> was recorded at a current density of 1Ag<SUP>-1</SUP> for the O-TEG oxidized for 2h. Retention of specific capacitance for the sample was ~97% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles.

VDJ Gene Usage of B Cell Receptors in Peripheral Blood of ABO-incompatible Kidney Transplantation Patients

Jeon, H.J.,Fang, T.,Lee, J.-G.,Jang, J.Y.,Kim, K.,Choi, S.,Yan, J.-J.,Ryu, J.H.,Koo, T.Y.,Ahn, C.,Yang, J. Elsevier 2018 Transplantation proceedings Vol.50 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>B cell subtypes and immunoglobulin variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J) gene segment usage of B cell receptors in ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation (KT) in comparison to ABO-compatible KT have not been studied. The aims of this study were to analyze the VDJ gene segment usages of B cell receptors in peripheral blood of ABOi KT recipients.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Eighteen ABOi KT patients with accommodation (ABOiA), 10 ABO-compatible stable KT patients (ABOcS), and 10 ABOi KT patients with biopsy-proven acute antibody-mediated rejection (ABOiR) at day 10 after transplantation were selected. Complete transcriptomes of their peripheral blood samples were sequenced and analyzed through RNA sequencing.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>By family, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable 3 (IGHV3), immunoglobulin light kappa chain variable 1 (IGKV1), immunoglobulin light lambda chain variable 2 (IGLV2), and immunoglobulin light lambda chain joining 3 (IGLJ3) gene segments were most frequently used in all groups, and their usage was not statistically different among the three groups except for IGHV3 and IGKV1. IGKV1 was more frequently used in the ABOiA group than in the ABOcS group. According to individual gene segments, IGHV3-7, IGHV3-15, IGHV4-59, IGKV3-11, IGLV1-44, IGLV2-14, IGLV4-69, and IGLV7-46 were more frequently used in the ABOcS group than other groups, and IGKV3-7 was more frequently used in the ABOiR group than other groups. IGLV5-52 and IGLV7-43 were more frequently used in the ABOiA group than in ABOcS group.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Our findings suggest that RNA sequencing transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood can provide information on the VDJ gene usage of B cell receptors and the mechanisms of accommodation and immune reaction in ABOi KT.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene usage of B cell receptors in kidney transplantation was analyzed by RNA sequencing. </LI> <LI> Several VDJ gene usages were different between ABO incompatible and compatible kidney transplants. </LI> <LI> VDJ gene usage was affected by accommodation or antibody-mediated rejection status. </LI> </UL> </P>

Pushing the limit of layered transition metal oxide cathodes for high-energy density rechargeable Li ion batteries

Kim, U.-H.,Jun, D.-W.,Park, K.-J.,Zhang, Q.,Kaghazchi, P.,Aurbach, D.,Major, D. T.,Goobes, G.,Dixit, M.,Leifer, N.,Wang, C. M.,Yan, P.,Ahn, D.,Kim, K.-H.,Yoon, C. S.,Sun, Y.-K. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Energy & environmental science Vol.11 No.5

<P>Development of advanced high energy density lithium ion batteries is important for promoting electromobility. Making electric vehicles attractive and competitive compared to conventional automobiles depends on the availability of reliable, safe, high power, and highly energetic batteries whose components are abundant and cost effective. Nickel rich Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 layered cathode materials (<I>x</I> > 0.5) are of interest because they can provide very high specific capacity without pushing charging potentials to levels that oxidize the electrolyte solutions. However, these cathode materials suffer from stability problems. We discovered that doping these materials with tungsten (1 mol%) remarkably increases their stability due to a partial layered to cubic (rock salt) phase transition. We demonstrate herein highly stable Li ion battery prototypes consisting of tungsten-stabilized Ni rich cathode materials (<I>x</I> > 0.9) with specific capacities >220 mA h g<SUP>-1</SUP>. This development can increase the energy density of Li ion batteries more than 30% above the state of the art without compromising durability.</P>

Tensile and Creep Deformation of a Newly Developed Ni-Fe-Based Superalloy for 700 °C Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Boiler Applications

Y. Yuan,Z. H. Zhong,Z.S. Yu,H. F. Yin,Y. Y. Dang,X. B. Zhao,Z. Yang,J. T. Lu,J. B. Yan,Y. Gu 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.4

A new Ni-Fe-based superalloy, HT-X, has been developed for applications in 700 °C advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) boilers. The HT-X alloy is subjected to various heat treatments. Tensile tests are conducted at room temperature (RT), 700 °C and 750 °C. Creep tests are carried out under conditions of 700 °C/300 MPa and 750 °C/150 MPa. After aging treatment, the yield strength of the HT-X alloy at RT and 750 °C is 787 MPa and 624 MPa, respectively. When additional thermal exposure at 750 °C for 5400 h is applied, the yield strength is decreased to 656 MPa at RT and 480 MPa at 700 °C. For an aged specimen, the a/2<110> dislocation shearing process occurs when tensile testing is conducted at RT and 750 °C. As the γ' precipitate size increases in the specimen that is thermally exposed at 750 °C for 5400 h, Orowan bowing is the dominant dislocation process, and stacking faults develop in the γ' precipitates at both RT and 700 °C. Dislocation slip combined with climb is the dominant mechanism under the creep testing conditions. The factors that affect the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms are discussed.

Development of an Internet-based Monitoring System of a Rice Processing Complex

Yan, T.Y.,Chung, J.H. Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2004 바이오시스템공학 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구에서는 국내 미곡도정공장의 도정기계 작동상태와 가공된 발 품질의 원격감시를 위해서 인터넷기반 감시시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 인터넷 감시시스템은 Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench(Lab VIEW)를 이용하여 개발되었으며 Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)을 제공할 수 있는 중앙서버, 현장제어용 Programmable logic controller (PLC) 및 각종 센서 등으로 구성되었다. 비상상태를 대비하기 위하여 도정기계를 원격으로 제어(ON/OFF)할 수 있도록 제어알고리즘을 설계하였다. 개발된 인터넷기반 감시시스템은 미곡 도정공장에 설치한 모든 도정기계의 작동상태, 백미 탱크내의 백미 무게와 백미의 온도 및 평형상대습도를 실시간으로 감시할 수 있었으며, 원격으로 측정한 백미탱크내의 평형온도 및 평형상대습도를 이용하여 백미의 함수율도 예측할 수 있었다. 거리 및 인터넷속도에 의해 발생된 시간지연의 측정과 원격으로 수집된 자료의 검증을 통해 인터넷 감시시스템의 성능을 평가하였다. 인터넷상의 시간지연(서울-광주간)은 약 1.2$\pm$0.2s 이었다.