Effect of different levels of protein concentrates supplementation on the growth performance, plasma amino acids profile and mTOR cascade genes expression in early-weaned yak calves

Q.H. Peng,N.A. Khan,B. Xue,T.H. Yan,Z.S. Wang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of protein concentrate supplementation on the growth performance of yak calves, and correlated the growth rate to changes occurring in the plasma- amino acids, -insulin profile, and signaling activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade to characterize the mechanism through which the protein synthesis can be improved in early weaned yaks. Methods: For this study, 48 early (3 months old) weaned yak calves were selected, and assigned into four dietary treatments according to randomized complete block design. The four blocks were balanced for body weight and sex. The yaks were either grazed on natural pasture (control diet) in a single herd or the grazing yaks was supplemented with one of the three protein rich supplements containing low (17%; LP), medium (19%; MP), or high (21%; HP) levels of crude proteins for a period of 30 days. Results: Results showed that the average daily gain of calves increased (0.14 vs 0.23-0.26 kg; p<0.05) with protein concentrates supplementation. The concentration of plasma methionine increased (p<0.05; 8.6 vs 10.1-12.4 μmol/L), while those of serine and tyrosine did not change (p>0.05) when the grazing calves were supplemented with protein concentrates. Compared to control diet, the insulin level of calves increased (p<0.05; 1.86 vs 2.16-2.54 μIU/mL) with supplementation of protein concentrates. Addition of protein concentrates up-regulated (p<0.05) expression of mTOR-raptor, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, the translational regulators eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and S6 kinase 1 genes in both Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. In contrast, the expression of sequestosome 1 was down-regulated in the concentrate supplemented calves. Conclusion: Our results show that protein supplementation improves the growth performance of early weaned yak calves, and that plasma methionine and insulin concentrations were the key mediator for gene expression and protein deposition in the muscles.

Tensile deformation behaviors of Zircaloy-4 alloy at ambient and elevated temperatures: In situ neutron diffraction and simulation study

Li, H.,Sun, G.,Woo, W.,Gong, J.,Chen, B.,Wang, Y.,Fu, Y.Q.,Huang, C.,Xie, L.,Peng, S. North Holland Pub. Co 2014 JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Vol.446 No.1

Tensile stress-strain relationship of a rolled Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) plate was examined in situ using a neutron diffraction method at room temperature (RT, 25<SUP>o</SUP>C) and an elevated temperature (250<SUP>o</SUP>C). Variations of lattice strains were obtained as a function of macroscopic bulk strains along prismatic (101@?0), basal (0002) and pyramidal (101@?1) planes in the hexagonal close-packed structure of the Zr-4. The mechanisms of strain responses in these three major planes were simulated using elastic-plastic self-consistent (EPSC) model based on Hill-Hutchinson method, thus the inter-granular stresses and deformation systems of each individual grain under loading were obtained. Results show that there is a good agreement between the EPSC modeling and neutron diffraction measurements in terms of macroscopic stress-strain relationship and lattice strain evolutions of the planes at RT. However, there is a slight discrepancy in the lattice strains obtained from the EPSC modeling and neutron diffraction when the specimen was deformed at 250<SUP>o</SUP>C. Analysis of grain structure and texture obtained using electron back-scattered diffraction suggests that dynamic recovery process is significant during the tensile deformation at the elevated temperature, which was not considered in the simulation.

Effect of Feeding Bacillus subtilis natto on Hindgut Fermentation and Microbiota of Holstein Dairy Cows

Song, D.J.,Kang, H.Y.,Wang, J.Q.,Peng, H.,Bu, D.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.4

The effect of Bacillus subtilis natto on hindgut fermentation and microbiota of early lactation Holstein dairy cows was investigated in this study. Thirty-six Holstein dairy cows in early lactation were randomly allocated to three groups: no B. subtilis natto as the control group, B. subtilis natto with $0.5{\times}10^{11}cfu$ as DMF1 group and B. subtilis natto with $1.0{\times}10^{11}cfu$ as DMF2 group. After 14 days of adaptation period, the formal experiment was started and lasted for 63 days. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of each animal on the morning at the end of eighth week and placed into sterile plastic bags. The pH, $NH_3$-N and VFA concentration were determined and fecal bacteria DNA was extracted and analyzed by DGGE. The results showed that the addition of B. subtilus natto at either treatment level resulted in a decrease in fecal $NH_3$-N concentration but had no effect on fecal pH and VFA. The DGGE profile revealed that B. subtilis natto affected the population of fecal bacteria. The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener in DFM1 decreased significantly compared to the control. Fecal Alistipes sp., Clostridium sp., Roseospira sp., beta proteobacterium were decreased and Bifidobacterium was increased after supplementing with B. subtilis natto. This study demonstrated that B. subtilis natto had a tendency to change fecal microbiota balance.

CATALYTIC SYNTHESIS AND GROWTH MECHANISM OF TUNGSTEN NANOWIRE ARRAYS ON SiO2 SUBSTRATES

C. WANG,Y. H. HE,L. Z. HOU,S. L. WANG,X. L. LIU,Q. ZHANG,C. Q. PENG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2013 NANO Vol.8 No.1

Single-crystalline W nanowires, with approximately 150 nm in diameter and 15 μm in length, have been successfully synthesized on SiO2 substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with the assistance of Ni catalysts at 950°C. The catalysts located at the tip of W nanowires were found to be Ni4W in a solid state, rather than a liquid state. The low-temperature growth of W nanowires using the solid catalysts can be generally accessible, provided that the appropriate combination of solid catalysts and nanowires are thermodynamically available, thus suggesting the implication for the potentially large-area integrated growth on various substrates. The growth direction of the generated [100]-oriented W nanowires was presumed to be determined by the orientation relationship between the solid Ni catalyst particle and the W precipitate. A possible catalytic growth model was proposed according to the analysis of the experimental results. The orientation relationship between the solid catalyst particle and the corresponding nanowire was expected to be also valid for some other nanowires induced by solid catalyst.

Feasibility of UHPC shields in spent fuel vertical concrete cask to resist accidental drop impact

Jia P.C.,Wu H.,Ma L.L.,Peng Q. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been widely utilized in military and civil protective structures to resist intensive loadings attributed to its excellent properties, e.g., high tensile/compressive strength, high dynamic toughness and impact resistance. At present, aiming to improve the defects of the traditional vertical concrete cask (VCC), i.e., the external storage facility of spent fuel, with normal strength concrete (NSC) shield, e.g., heavy weight and difficult to fabricate/transform, the feasibility of UHPC applied in the shield of VCC is numerically examined considering its high radiation and corrosion resistance. Firstly, the finite element (FE) analyses approach and material model parameters of NSC and UHPC are verified based on the 1/3 scaled VCC tip-over test and drop hammer test on UHPC members, respectively. Then, the refined FE model of prototypical VCC is established and utilized to examine its dynamic behaviors and damage distribution in accidental tip-over and end-drop events, in which the various influential factors, e.g., UHPC shield thickness, concrete ground thickness, and sealing methods of steel container are considered. In conclusion, by quantitatively evaluating the safety of VCC in terms of the shield damage and vibrations, it is found that adopting the 300 mm-thick UHPC shield instead of the conventional 650 mm-thick NSC shield can reduce about 1/3 of the total weight of VCC, i.e., about 50 t, and 37% floor space, as well as guarantee the structural integrity of VCC during the accidental drop simultaneously. Besides, based on the parametric analyses, the thickness of concrete ground in the VCC storage site is recommended as less than 500 mm, and the welded connection is recommended for the sealing method of steel containers

Laser Raman detection of platelet as a non‐invasive approach for early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Chen, P.,Tian, Q.,Baek, S.J.,Shang, X.L.,Park, A.,Liu, Z.C.,Yao, X.Q.,Wang, J.Z.,Wang, X.H.,Cheng, Y.,Peng, J.,Shen, A.G.,Hu, J.M. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Laser physics letters Vol.8 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a problem that puzzled many doctors. Reliable markers in easy‐assembling samples are of considerable clinical diagnostic value. In this work, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) was developed a new method that potentially allows early and differential diagnosis of AD from the platelet sample. Raman spectra of platelets isolated from different ages of AD transgenic mice and non‐transgenic controls were collected and analyzed. Multilayer perceptron networks (MLP) classification method was used to classify spectra and establish the diagnostic models. For differential diagnosis, spectra of platelets isolated from AD, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and vascular dementia (VD) mice were also discriminated. Two notable spectral differences at 740 and 1654 cm<SUP>–1</SUP> were revealed in the mean spectrum of platelets isolated from AD transgenic mice and the controls. MLP displayed a powerful ability in the classifying of early, advanced AD and the control group, and in differential diagnosis of PD and advanced AD, as well as VD and advanced AD. The results suggest that platelet detecting by LRS coupled with MLP analysis appears to be an easy and accurate method for early and differential diagnosis of AD. This technique could be rapidly promoted from laboratory to the hospital. (© 2011 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) (© 2011 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)</P>

Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Porcine Backfat Thickness

Wu, X.L.,Lee, C.,Jiang, J.,Peng, Y.L.,Yan, H.F.,Yang, S.L.,Xiao, B.N.,Liu, X.C.,Shi, Q.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.7

A partial genome scan using porcine microsatellites was carried out to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for backfat thickness (BFT) in a pig reference population. This population carried QTL on chromosomes 1, 13 and 18. The QTL on chromosome 1 was located between marker loci S0113 and SW1301. The QTL corresponded to very low density lipoprotein receptor gene (VLDLR) in location and in biological effects, suggesting that VLDLR might be a candidate gene. The QTL found on chromosome 13 was found between marker loci SWR1941 and SW864, but significance for the marker-trait association was inconsistent by using data with different generations. The QTL on chromosome 18 was discovered between markers S0062 and S0117, and it was in proximity of the regions where IGFBP3 and GHRHR were located. The porcine obese gene might be also a candidate gene for the QTL on chromosome 18. In order to understand genetic architecture of BFT better, fine mapping and positional comparative candidate gene analyses are necessary.

THE ELECTRON FRACTION AND THE FERMI ENERGY OF RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS IN A NEUTRON STAR

GAO, ZHI FU,LI, X.D.,WANG, N.,PENG, Q.H. The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2

We first deduce a uniform formula forthe Fermi energy of degenerate and relativistic electrons in the weak-magnetic field approximation. Then we obtain an expression of the special solution for the electron Fermi energy through this formula, and express the electron Fermi energy as a function of electron fraction and matter density. Our method is universally suitable for relativistic electron- matter regions in neutron stars in the weak-magnetic field approximation.

Microwave Absorption and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrites/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites

B. B. Zhang,P. F. Wang,J. C. Xu,Y. B. Han,H. X. Jin,D. F. Jin,X. L. Peng,B. Hong,J. Li,J. Gong,H. L. Ge,Z. W. Zhu,X. Q. Wang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.5

Owing to the unique microstructure and the excellent dielectric properties, carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were decorated with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles to synthesize the CoFe2O4/CNTs nanocomposites by the solvothermal method. The phase structure, morphology, magnetic properties and microwave absorption performance of the as-prepared CoFe2O4/CNTs were characterized and discussed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer (VNA). All results indicated that the diameter of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles decorating on the surface of CNTs increased with the solvothermal temperature. CoFe2O4/CNTs prepared at 180℃, 200℃ and 220℃ exhibited superparamagnetism, while the other samples presented ferromagnetism at room temperature. And with the increasing solvothermal temperature, the saturation magnetization and coercivity increased up to 72 emu/g and 2000 Oe for the sample prepared at 260℃ (S-26). And the reflection loss of CoFe2O4/CNTs nanocomposites increased with the solvothermal temperature up to -15.7 dB for S-26 with the bandwidth of 2.5 GHz.

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cadmium Telluride Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Optical Power-Limiting Application

재태 서,A. Wang,A. Mott,C. Pompey,D. Temple,J. Anderson,J. H. Kim,J. L. Qu,M. Namkung,Q. Yang,Q. Wang,S. Creekmore,S. S. Jung,W. Yu,X. Peng 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.III

Nonlinear optical properties of cadmium telluride semiconductor nanocrystals were investigated for optical power self-limiting application. The semiconductor nanocrystals were synthesized through colloidal methods. The nonlinear refraction and the nonlinear figure of merit of CdTe nanocrystals in toluene ($\sim$8 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ mol/L) were estimated to be $\sim$ -1 $\times$ 10$^{-13}$ m$^2$/W and $\sim$200, respectively. The optical power limiting through CdTe nanoscale materials was mainly by the nonlinear refraction because of the high nonlinear FOM.