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( Pui-tak Lee ) 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2017 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.1 No.2
The primary concern of this paper is to examine the business networks of Cantonese merchants in the period of 1850s-1910s, based on what the merchants recorded by themselves in the family correspondences and the wills (the probate jurisdiction, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Record Series 144). These materials are informative of the testators’ life stories such as origins of emigration, family details, occupation, involvement of businesses, and location of residence. From these materials emerges the networking pattern that made the Cantonese merchants successful at home and overseas. To examine the hidden aspect of cross border networks of Cantonese, this paper will focus on the following issues: How did the Cantonese successfully extend and maintain their networks of business from Guangdong to Hong Kong, South China, Southeast Asia, Australia and North America? To what extent were the family networks interwoven with the business networks and were they effective in helping production, circulation, and consumption? Above all, did the Cantonese overseas network tell us something unique about Chinese practice of capitalism?
Endovascular Management of Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysms: A Case Series
Pui Lam Cheung,Yat Sing Lee,Chong Boon Tan,Hin Yue Lau,Chi Wai Siu,Chik Xing Chan,Wai Tat Chan,Cheuk Him Ho 대한혈관외과학회 2023 Vascular Specialist International Vol.39 No.1
Although rare, hepatic artery aneurysms are associated with a high morbidity and mortality, necessitating a prompt diagnosis. A significant proportion of hepatic artery aneurysms are pseudoaneurysms, and the major risk factors of which have already been identified in previous literatures. Presentation can be variable, but diagnosis almost relies entirely on computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography. The endovascular approach has progressively become the preferred option due to its better performance when compared to the traditional surgical approach. However, formulation of an endovascular treatment plan for these lesions remains difficult as multiple factors should be considered to identify the best endovascular treatment modality. Five cases of pseudoaneurysm due to recent Whipple operation, hepatobiliary infections, and underlying malignancy are presented in this article to illustrate the effectiveness and complexity of endovascular treatment in this disease entity.
Cognition, Metacognition, and Metacognitive Theory : A Critical Analysis
Pui-wan Cheng 대한사고개발학회 1999 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.9 No.1
This paper offers a critical analysis of the validity and utility of metacognition as an independent construct for psychological studies. To examine the construct validity of metacognition, the relationship between cognition and metacognition is first analyzed and the conceptual issues involved in the study of metacognition are then examined. To demonstrate the construct utility of metacognition, theoretical perspectives from different areas of psychological studies with a metacognitive focus are presented. It is concluded that metacognition, with its emphasis on the superordinate role of awareness and control in directing cognitive activities and its linkage to motivational correlates, is a valid and useful concept that generates important insights into the conditions and mechanisms of human performance.
UBE2T: A Molecular Regulator for Cancer Stemness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
( Nicole Pui-yu Ho ),( Terence Kin Wah Lee ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Increasing evidence showed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in regulating the tumor relapse and therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given high molecular similarities between liver CSCs and normal liver stem cells, we have enriched the normal stem cell populations by establishing a mouse partial hepactectomy model order to identify critical molecules involved in regulation of liver CSCs. By comparing the expression profiles between the early regenerating liver and intact one, UBE2T was found to be highly upregulated. This, together with the data showing upregulation of UBE2T in enriched liver CSC populations, suggest the role of UBE2T on regulating liver CSCs. Methods: We evaluated the clinic-pathological relevance of UBE2T by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Lentiviral-based overexpression and knockdown approaches were performed to characterize the functional roles of UBE2T in regulating liver CSCs. The protein binding partner of UBE2T was identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Results: By qPCR analysis, UBE2T mRNA overexpression is found in over 90% of HCC samples and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poorer patients’ survival. Overexpression of UBE2T protein level in HCC clinical samples was further confirmed by western blot and IHC analyses. Using lentiviral based knockdown approach, suppression of UBE2T inhibited liver CSC properties, including self-renewal, tumorigenicity, drug resistance and expression of liver CSC markers. Using orthotopic liver xenograft model, UBE2T suppression led to decrease in tumor burden as well as lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we found UBE2T interacts with E3 ligase Mule and regulates its expression via ubiquitation. Since we further found that UBE2T mediates liver CSC function through Mule-mediated β-catenin activation. Conclusions: We have uncovered a novel UBE2T mediated signaling cascade in regulation of liver CSCs. Developing a specific inhibitor targeting this pathway may be a novel approach for HCC treatment.
( Nicole Pui Yu Ho ),( Bowie Lik Ling Cheng ),( Irene Oi Lin Ng ),( Terence Kin Wah Lee ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Frequent relapse and drug resistance may be attributed to the existence of tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the functional role and clinical significance of Interleukin-receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) in regulation of liver tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) and sorafenib resistance, aiming to develop a novel therapeutic strategy against HCC. Methods: We evaluated the clinic-pathological relevance of IRAK1 in HCC clinical samples by qPCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Lentiviral-based overexpression and knockdown approaches were performed to characterize functional roles of IRAK1 in regulation of liver T-ICs and sorafenib resistance. Molecular pathways mediating the phenotypic alterations was identified through RNA sequencing analysis and functional rescue experiments. The combinatorial effect of IRAK1/4 inhibitor and sorafenib was tested in vivo. Results: From transcriptome sequencing, we identified IRAK1 in TLR/IRAK pathway to be significantly upregulated in HCC. IRAK1 overexpression in HCC was further confirmed at mRNA and protein levels, and correlated with larger tumor size. Interestingly, IRAK4, an upstream regulator of IRAK1, was also found to be consistently upregulated. Through lentiviral based knockdown and overexpression approaches, we demonstrated that IRAK1 regulates traits of liver T-ICs. Similar phenotypic effects were observed when HCC cells were treated with IRAK1/4 inhibitor. Through RNA sequencing analysis by comparing expression profiles between sh-IRAK1 and control cells, we identified Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1, Member 10 (AKR1B10) as a downstream target of IRAK1. AKR1B10 was found to be overexpressed in HCC, and correlated with IRAK1 expression. Functional analysis demonstrated that knockdown of AKR1B10 offset the IRAK1 induced T-IC functions through regulating AP-1 complex. Using HCC xenograft model, we found that IRAK1/4 inhibitor in combination with sorafenib demonstrated a maximal tumor suppressive effect. Conclusions: IRAK1/AP-1/AKR1B10 signaling cascade regulates liver T-ICs and sorafenib sensitivity. Targeting IRAK1 alone or in combination with sorafenib might be a novel strategy against HCC.