SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES ON PAY-WHAT-YOU-WANT (PWYW) PRICING DECSIONS: THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED CROWDING, INVOLVEMENT AND TIME PRESSURE

Fazlul K Rabbanee,Rajat Roy,Piyush Sharma 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) is an innovative participative pricing strategy in which consumers determine the price they want to pay for a product or service. Past research mainly focuses on individual variables as antecedents of consumers’ willingness to pay under PWYW pricing and ignores the role of situational factors. We address this gap by investigating the effects of three situational factors, perceived crowding, involvement level and time pressure, on consumers’ PWYW pricing decisions. Pay-what-you-want (PWYW) is an innovative pricing mechanism that gives consumers maximum control over the price setting process, and thus allows buyers to entirely determine the price for their desired product or service (Schmidt, Spann & Zeithammer, 2014). The buyer has the authority to choose any price to pay for the offered product or service and there is no minimum price to protect the seller (Kahsay & Samahita, 2015). Such increased perceived control on the final price induces consumers to greater purchase intentions (Chandran & Morwitz, 2005). Hence, a growing number of firms in different industries such as music, museums, software, and charity sales are using PWYW pricing (Schmidt, Spann & Zeithammer, 2014). Internal reference price (IRP) is defined as a price in the buyers' memories that serves as a basis for judging or comparing actual prices (Monroe, 1973; Monroe, Grewal, & Compeau, 1991). In the context of PWYW involvement has a negative effect on prices paid. Involvement is the level of personal relevance consumers possess regarding a product or a purchase decision (Zaichkowsky, 1985). Involvement is conceptualized as both, an individual difference variable representing an “enduring interest” in a given product (Roy, 2015; Bloch & Richins, 1983). It is also posited that the negative effect of involvement on IRP will be further moderated by perceived crowding. Perceived crowding is often described in negative terms as a confined, constrained, and restricted physical setting; and it has two distinct dimensions, spatial crowding and human crowding (Machleit et al., 2000; Byunn & Mann, 2011). A crowded shopping environment is also incompatible with the consumers’ shopping desires and goals; hence consumers exhibit unfavorable shopping behavior such as spend less time in the store (Machleit et al., 2000; Li, Kim & Lee, 2009). Perceived crowding should therefore negatively influence consumers’ involvement and IRP, thereby affecting the money they are willing to pay in PWYW situation.

68Ga-DOTA-RGD2 Uptake in Plantar Fasciitis: New Insights into its Pathogenesis

Piyush Aggarwal,Singh Harmandeep,Kumar Rajender,Aman Sharma 대한핵의학회 2022 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.56 No.3

Plantar fasciitis is chronic degenerative tendinopathy of the plantar fascia. Although it has many treatment modalities, none has been very effective due to the largely unknown pathogenesis of this condition. 68Ga-DOTA-RGD2 has an upcoming role in assessing disease activity and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis. In the present case, we demonstrate the potential role of angiogenesis imaging in understanding the pathogenesis of plantar fasciitis and provide new opportunities for novel imaging options.

Effect of roughness on interface shear behavior of sand with steel and concrete surface

Samanta, Manojit,Punetha, Piyush,Sharma, Mahesh Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.14 No.4

The present study evaluates the interface shear strength between sand and different construction materials, namely steel and concrete, using direct shear test apparatus. The influence of surface roughness, mean size of sand particles, relative density of sand and size of the direct shear box on the interface shear behavior of sand with steel and concrete has been investigated. Test results show that the surface roughness of the construction materials significantly influences the interface shear strength. The peak and residual interface friction angles increase rapidly up to a particular value of surface roughness (critical surface roughness), beyond which the effect becomes negligible. At critical surface roughness, the peak and residual friction angles of the interfaces are 85-92% of the peak and residual internal friction angles of the sand. The particle size of sand (for morphologically identical sands) significantly influences the value of critical surface roughness. For the different roughness considered in the present study, both the peak and residual interaction coefficients lie in the range of 0.3-1. Moreover, the peak and residual interaction coefficients for all the interfaces considered are nearly identical, irrespective of the size of the direct shear box. The constitutive modeling of different interfaces followed the experimental investigation and it successfully predicted the pre-peak, peak and post peak interface shear response with reasonable accuracy. Moreover, the predicted stress-displacement relationship of different interfaces is in good agreement with the experimental results. The findings of the present study may also be applicable to other non-yielding interfaces having a similar range of roughness and sand properties.

Antibacterial potential of a small peptide from Bacillus sp. RPT-0001 and its capping for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Supriya Deepak Patil,Rajnikant Sharma,Tapas Bhattacharyya,Piyush Kumar,Manasi Gupta,Bhupinder Singh Chaddha,Naveen Kumar Navani,Ranjana Pathania 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.9

Infirmity and death from diseases caused by unsafe food are a continual hazard to communal health safety and socio-economic growth throughout the world. Chemical preservatives are associated with health hazards and toxicity issues. In the study reported here, 200 soil isolates from Western Himalayan region in India were screened for potential antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens. This study led to the isolation of a bacterial strain belonging to the Genus Bacillus and was designated as RPT-0001. The associated antibacterial activity was sensitive to pronase E treatment. Bioassay-guided fractionation using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) led to isolation of the antibacterial peptide designated as RPT-0001. The molecular weight of RPT-0001 was determined by electro- spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) as 276.9 Da. RPT-0001 was inhibitory to both Gram-negative and Grampositive food-borne bacteria tested. The characteristics of RPT-0001 do not match with that of any other known antibacterial peptides produced by Bacillus sp. or related genera. Purified RPT-0001 was successfully used in synthesis of silver nanoparticles effective against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial peptide and silver nanoparticles synthesized utilizing it as a capping and reducing agent hold promising potential in food preservation, in packaging material and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of foodborne infections.

Homogeneous synthesis of cellulose fatty esters in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) and study of their comparative antifriction property

Raj K. Singh,Piyush Gupta,Om P. Sharma,Siddharth S. Ray 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.24 No.-

Cellulose fatty esters with different fatty acids as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acid having same degrees of substitution (DS 2.0) were prepared homogeneously using 1-butyl-3-methylimida- zolium chloride ([C4mim]+Cl). All samples were characterized by IR and NMR. The triboevaluation in terms of average friction coefficient was done by nanotribometer using 3000 ppm solution of each ester in polyol (pentaerythritol tetraoleate) which is taken as biolube reference fluid. The cellulose esters are found to show antifriction character in the order as myristate > palmitate > laurate > stearate > oleate.

Effect of Mandibular Advancement Splint on Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Insulin Resistant Diabetes

Ashutosh Gupta,Arvind Tripathi,Praveen Rai,Piyush Sharma,Vijay Yadav,Dewanshu Kumar 대한수면연구학회 2020 Journal of sleep medicine Vol.17 No.1

Objectives: Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of upper airflow despite the effort to breathe, leading to hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The resultant apnea causes sleep fragmentation, which in turn increases sympathetic activity, decreases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis that ultimately leads to type 2 diabetes. Most studies exploring the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on insulin sensitivity have showed a positive effect. However, there is no evidence on the effect of mandibular advancement device on insulin resistance (IR). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of mandibular advancement splint (MAS) on IR in patients with OSA. Methods: The present study was conducted at Department of Prosthodontics, Dental College Azamgarh, from June 2015 to July 2017. Sixty eight dentulous patients with type 2 diabetes and mild to moderate OSA and with stable diabetic regimen were included in the study. A MAS was fabricated and fixed at 70% of the maximum mandibular protrusion recorded. Patients that were comfortable with MAS after one month were assessed for apnea-hypopnea index, mean oxygen saturation, and IR at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year after wearing MAS. Results: An improvement in insulin sensitivity was observed at 6 months for mild OSA patients (p=0.001). For moderate OSA patients, no significant improvement was observed following MAS use (p>0.05). Conclusions: The finding suggested that MAS is effective in improving IR in mild OSA patients.

A Study of Antibacterial Activity of Some Novel 8-Methoxy-4-methyl-quinoline Derivatives

Sheoraj Singh,Vikas Kumar,Ashok Kumar,Shalabh Sharma,Piyush Dua 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.12

In the present study, some quinoline derivatives have been synthesized like 8-methoxy-4-methyl-2-amino-(3'-chloro-2'-oxo-4'-substituted aryl-1'-azetidinyl)quinolines 8-12 and 8-methoxy-4-methyl-2-amino-(2'-substituted aryl-4'-oxo-1',3'-thiazolidin-3'-yl) quinolines 13-17 from 8-methoxy-4-methyl-2-substituted arylidenyliminoamino)-quinolines 3-7. The structural assignments of these compounds were based on spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, Mass) and elemental (C, H,N) analysis. Further, these compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. Three compounds 10, 11 and 16 were found to exhibit potent antibacterial activity as compared to the standard drug amphicillin.

A Study of Antibacterial Activity of Some Novel 8-Methoxy-4-methyl-quinoline Derivatives

Singh, Sheoraj,Kumar, Vikas,Kumar, Ashok,Sharma, Shalabh,Dua, Piyush Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.12

In the present study, some quinoline derivatives have been synthesized like 8-methoxy-4-methyl-2-amino-(3'-chloro-2'-oxo-4'-substituted aryl-1'-azetidinyl)quinolines 8-12 and 8-methoxy-4-methyl-2-amino-(2'-substituted aryl-4'-oxo-1',3'-thiazolidin-3'-yl) quinolines 13-17 from 8-methoxy-4-methyl-2-(substituted arylidenyliminoamino)-quinolines 3-7. The structural assignments of these compounds were based on spectral (IR, $^1H$-NMR, Mass) and elemental (C, H, N) analysis. Further, these compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. Three compounds 10, 11 and 16 were found to exhibit potent antibacterial activity as compared to the standard drug amphicillin.