Does school connectedness differ by student ethnicity? A latent class analysis among Canadian youth

Patte Karen A.,Gohari Mahmood R.,Leatherdale Scott T. 한국다문화교육학회 2021 Multicultural Education Review Vol.13 No.1

Latent class analysis was performed to identify clusters of items on the Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health – School Connectedness Scale among students. Cluster membership was explored by student-reported ethnicity. The sample included students attending Canadian secondary schools in two waves of the COMPASS study: Years 4 (Y4:2015/16) (N=40,436) and 7 (Y7:2018/19) (N=60,610). Results were comparable across waves. Four clusters resulted: strongly connected (Y4 66.6%; Y7 67.9%), socially disconnected (14.1%; 15.2%; perceptions of equitable treatment but lacking feelings of belonging), social belonging (11.9%; 10.3%; feelings of being part of their school and close to others, but less likely to perceive equitable treatment), and weakly connected (7.4%; 6.6%). White and Asian students were more likely to be ‘strongly connected’, while Black and ‘other’ or mixed ethnicity students were overrepresented in the ‘weakly connected’ and ‘social belonging’ clusters. Cluster variations merit attention to improve how racialized and ethnic minority youth experience school environments.

A Compact Rail to Rail CMOS Voltage Follower

Patt Boonyaporn,Varakorn Kasemsuwan 대한전자공학회 2002 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2002 No.7

독일의 팔프 제지 공업 현황 및 그 전망

R. Patt,조병묵 한국펄프·종이공학회 1972 펄프.종이기술 Vol.4 No.2

스포츠교육학 : 체육교사 양성프로그램의 현상학적 분석

손천택(SonCheon-Taik),강신복(KangShin-Bok),( Patt Dodds ) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.4

The purpose of this study is to phenomenologically analyze the quality of physical education teacher education program in Korea from the perspective of pre-service teachers who are direct recipients of the PETE program. More specifically, the purpose of this study is to deeply understand how pre-service teachers accept their experience of physical education teacher education programs, how teacher educators design and implement curricular for pre-service teachers and how in-service teachers recognize their PETE programs in retrospect.To achieve the proposed research questions, 15 participants from three competitive universities of physical education teacher education program were purposely selected. From each university 5 participants are selected, 1 sport pedagogist, 1 sub-discipline researcher, 2 pre-service teacher and 1 in-service teacher recently graduated from the selected university. Data are being collected through three stages of phenomenological in-depth interview. Collected data are analyzed through two procedures suggested by Seidman(1983): one is to categorize important content and the other is to make out personal profile for each participant.On the basis of analyzing and discussing the collected data, five conclusions are drawn: First, pre-service teachers decide to enter PETE program on the basis of positive attitude toward physical education, scholastic ability and possibility of admission without deeply considering aptitude toward teaching profession, self-sacrificing attitude toward students: Second, physical education teacher educators are not conductive to establishing vocational identity or improving speciality: Third PETE programs are composed of physical education teacher educators are not developing teaching methods of physical education in pre-service teachers: Fifth, student practice is not conducted effectively because of institutional problems and indifference of universities and secondary schools.

Response of Ecosystem Carbon and Water Vapor Exchanges in Evolving Nocturnal Low-Level Jets

홍진규,Nathalie Mathieu,Ian B. Strachan,Elizabeth Patte,Monique Y. Leclerc 한국대기환경학회 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.3

The nocturnal low-level jet makes a significant impact on carbon and water exchanges and turbulent mixing processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. This study reports a case study of nocturnal surface fluxes such as CO2 and water vapor in the surface layer observed at a flat and homogeneous site in the presence of low-level jets (LLJs). In particular, it documents the temporal evolution of the overlying jets and the coincident response of surface fluxes. The present study highlights several factors linking the evolution of low-level jets to surface fluxes: 1) wavelet analysis shows that turbulent fluxes have similar time scales with temporal scale of LLJ evolution; 2)turbulent mixing is enhanced during the transition period of low-level jets; and 3) CO2, water vapor and heat show dissimilarity from momentum during the period. We also found that LLJ activity is related not only to turbulent motions but also to the divergence of mean flow. An examination of scalar profiles and turbulence data reveal that LLJs transport CO2 and water vapor by advection in the stable boundary layer,suggesting that surface fluxes obtained from the micrometeorological method such as nocturnal boundary layer budget technique should carefully interpreted in the presence of LLJs.

Sequential Therapy With JX-594, A Targeted Oncolytic Poxvirus, Followed by Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Preclinical and Clinical Demonstration of Combination Efficacy

Heo, Jeong,Breitbach, Caroline J,Moon, Anne,Kim, Chang Won,Patt, Rick,Kim, Mi Kyung,Lee, Yu Kyung,Oh, Sung Yong,Woo, Hyun Young,Parato, Kelley,Rintoul, Julia,Falls, Theresa,Hickman, Theresa,Rhee, Byun Elsevier 2011 MOLECULAR THERAPY Vol.19 No.6

Analgesic Effect of Intravenous Nefopam for Postoperative Pain in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Study

Chalermkitpanit Pornpan,Limthongkul Worawat,Yingsakmongkol Wicharn,Thepsoparn Marvin,Pannangpetch Patt,Tangchitcharoen Nattapat,Tanasansomboon Teerachat,Singhatanadgige Weerasak 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.5

Study Design: Randomized double-blind control study.Purpose: To evaluate the effects of nefopam on reducing morphine consumption and postoperative pain in patients undergoing minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) and to evaluate its effects on enhanced recovery after spine surgery.Overview of Literature: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has become a major goal for spine surgery. Multimodal pain management combining non-opioid analgesics is a key element of this. However, there is little evidence regarding the use of nefopam in spine surgery as part of an ERAS protocol.Methods: One hundred patients undergoing MISS were randomized into two groups. Patients in the nefopam group received 20 mg of intravenous nefopam diluted in 100 mL of normal saline intraoperatively, followed by 80 mg of nefopam diluted in 500 mL of normal saline, given as a continuous infusion postoperatively for 24 hours. The control group received an identical volume of normal saline. Postoperative pain was managed by patient-controlled analgesia in the form of intravenous morphine. Morphine consumption in the first 24 hours was recorded as a primary outcome. Secondary outcomes regarding ERAS were also collected.Results: There were no significant differences in either total morphine consumption or postoperative pain score in the first 24 hours postoperatively between patients receiving nefopam and the control group. Morphine consumption in patients receiving nefopam was 13.54±10.64 mg compared with 15.86±16.2 mg in the control group (<i>p</i>=0.41). Time to postanesthetic care unit discharge, times to first sitting and walking, length of hospital stay, as well as duration of Foley catheter use and time until drain removal were also similar. There were no serious adverse effects of nefopam compared with normal saline.Conclusions: Nefopam did not significantly reduce opioid consumption or postoperative pain score. Adding nefopam as part of multimodal analgesia did not show beneficial effects for enhancing recovery after spine surgery.

Perioperative Intravenous Nefopam on Pain Management and Ambulation after Open Spine Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study

Chalermkitpanit Pornpan,Yingsakmongkol Wicharn,Limthongkul Worawat,Tanasansomboon Teerachat,Pannangpetch Patt,Tangchitcharoen Nattapat,Singhatanadgige Weerasak 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.4

Study Design: This was a randomized double-blind controlled study. Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of intravenous nefopam regarding its ability to reduce morphine consumption and postoperative pain and improve recovery in patients undergoing open spine surgery. Overview of Literature: Multimodal analgesia, including nonopioid medications, is essential for pain management in spine surgery. Evidence regarding the use of intravenous nefopam in open spine surgery as part of enhanced recovery after surgery is lacking. Methods: In this study, 100 patients undergoing lumbar decompressive laminectomy with fusion were randomized into two groups. The nefopam group received 20-mg intravenous nefopam diluted in 100-mL normal saline intraoperatively, followed by 80-mg nefopam diluted in 500-mL normal saline, administered as a continuous infusion postoperatively for 24 hours. The control group received an identical volume of normal saline. Postoperative pain was managed using intravenous morphine via patient-controlled analgesia. Morphine consumption in the first 24 hours was recorded as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes, including postoperative pain score, postoperative function, and length of hospital stay (LOS), were assessed. Results: No statistically significant differences in the total morphine consumption and postoperative pain score in the first 24 hours postoperatively between the two groups. At the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), the nefopam group demonstrated lower pain scores while at rest (p=0.03) and upon movement (p=0.02) than the normal saline group. However, the severity of postoperative pain between the two groups was similar from postoperative day 1 to day 3. LOS was significantly shorter in the nefopam group than in the control group (p<0.01). The time to first sitting and walking and PACU discharge between the two groups were comparable. Conclusions: Perioperative intravenous nefopam demonstrated significant pain reduction during the early postoperative period and shortened LOS. Nefopam is considered safe and effective as a part of multimodal analgesia in open spine surgery.

HCC : Phase 2 Trial of JX-594, a Targeted Multi-Mechanistic Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus, Followed by Sorafenib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

( C Breitbach ),( M Cho ),( T H Hwang ),( C W Kim ),( U B Jeon,),( H Y Woo ),( K T Yoon ),( J W Lee ),( J Burke ),( T Hickman ),( K Duboi ),( L Longpre ),( R Patt ),( D H Kirn ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: JX-594 is a targeted oncolytic vaccinia virus designed to selectively replicate in and destroy cancer cells with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ ras pathway activation. Direct oncolysis plus granulocyte macrophage?colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression is accompanied by tumor vascular disruption and anti-tumoral immunity (Reviewed in Nat Rev Cancer 2009). JX-594 was well-tolerated intravenously (IV) (Nature 2011) and intratumorally (IT) (Lancet Oncol 2008). Complementary anti-tumor effects are predicted with JX-594 followed by sorafenib due to acute vascular disruption effects with JX-594 and anti-angiogenic effects with sorafenib. Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to determine the safety of JX-594 followed by sorafenib in patients with advanced HCC. Secondary objectives include disease control rate (DCR) based on mRECIST and/or Choi response criteria at Day 6 (optional), Day 25 (after JX-594 only), 6 and 12 weeks. Methods: Treatment-refractory HCC patients received JX-594 for three weeks (Day 1 IV, Day 8 IT and Day 22 IT) followed by sorafenib. An IT boost dose of JX-594 at Week 12 was optional. Results: Twenty-five (25) patients were treated in this study; twenty (20) were refractory to sorafenib. Enrollment has been completed. The sequential treatment regimen was well-tolerated. Transient flu-like symptoms (Grade 1-2) and transient leukopenia (lymphopenia, neutropenia) were the most common adverse events following JX-594 therapy. Sorafenib toxicities were consistent with the expected toxicity profile. After JX-594 alone at Day 25, 56% of patients exhibited Choi tumor responses (range 19-48% reduced enhancement). Following subsequent sorafenib therapy, 76% had Choi responses at Week 6-12, including 83% sorafenib-failure patients. The disease control rate was 80% with JX-594 alone and 38% following initiation of sorafenib. Conclusions: JX-594 was well-tolerated and associated with Choi tumor responses following IV and IT injections in patients with advanced HCC. Subsequent sorafenib was associated with the expected toxicity profile. Further trials of JX-594 in HCC patients are warranted.

Intravenous delivery of a multi-mechanistic cancer-targeted oncolytic poxvirus in humans

Breitbach, Caroline J.,Burke, James,Jonker, Derek,Stephenson, Joe,Haas, Andrew R.,Chow, Laura Q. M.,Nieva, Jorge,Hwang, Tae-Ho,Moon, Anne,Patt, Richard,Pelusio, Adina,Le Boeuf, Fabrice,Burns, Joe,Evgi Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature Vol.477 No.7362

The efficacy and safety of biological molecules in cancer therapy, such as peptides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), could be markedly increased if high concentrations could be achieved and amplified selectively in tumour tissues versus normal tissues after intravenous administration. This has not been achievable so far in humans. We hypothesized that a poxvirus, which evolved for blood-borne systemic spread in mammals, could be engineered for cancer-selective replication and used as a vehicle for the intravenous delivery and expression of transgenes in tumours. JX-594 is an oncolytic poxvirus engineered for replication, transgene expression and amplification in cancer cells harbouring activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Ras pathway, followed by cell lysis and anticancer immunity. Here we show in a clinical trial that JX-594 selectively infects, replicates and expresses transgene products in cancer tissue after intravenous infusion, in a dose-related fashion. Normal tissues were not affected clinically. This platform technology opens up the possibility of multifunctional products that selectively express high concentrations of several complementary therapeutic and imaging molecules in metastatic solid tumours in humans.