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Musculoskeletal Applications of Elastography: a Pictorial Essay of Our Initial Experience
Palle Lalitha,Balaji Reddy,K.Jagannath Reddy 대한영상의학회 2011 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.12 No.3
Elastography is an ultrasound-based newer imaging technique that is currently being used for the evaluation of breast lesions and hepatic pathology. It is also being evaluated for characterizing lesions of the prostate, thyroid, cervix and lymph nodes. We have applied real-time sonoelastography to a variety of musculoskeletal pathologies and here we report the findings of elastography for the evaluation of various musculoskeletal pathologies. Elastography of musculoskeletal lesions is not yet being routinely used in clinical practice, but it is being extensively researched.
( Palle Paul Mejame Mejame ),( Seong-rin Lim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
Advancement in technology has led to high sophisticated functions of smartphones and an increase in its use worldwide at a phenomena pace. This has triggered a rise in the searched for sustainable energy efficient sources to support the sophisticated functions of these products. In these circumstances, lithium ion batteries have become dominant in the use of these products due to its advantages associated with high energy density, product longevity, small size and weight, excellent low-temperature, load and cycle characteristics, no memory effect, and only a slow loss of charge when not in use. However, the environmental impacts such as pollution and adverse human effects that may result from this stream of products when deposited as waste with its heavy metal content and potential toxic materials need to be taken into consideration. This study therefore evaluates and compares environmental impact potentials from heavy metals in waste lithium ion smartphone batteries with respect to battery model replacement. In this work, the Total Threshold Limit Concentration (TTLC) analysis is used to determine whether the waste lithium ion smartphone batteries would be classified as hazardous waste. A life cycle impact assessment method is also used to evaluate resource depletion, cancer, non-cancer, and eco-toxicity potentials. We found out that technological advancement didn’t reduce hazardous waste potentials in lithium ion smartphone batteries due to excessive levels of Co, Cu and Ni. Technological development did not also lead to a reduction of the total metal concentration of heavy metals in lithium ion smartphone batteries. The life cycle impact assessment results show that overall, resource depletion potentials, water and soil toxicity potentials increased as technology advances but with a decreased in cancer toxicity for air, non-cancers and eco-toxicity potentials. This study therefore can provide support to lithium ion battery manufacturers and policy makers to control the hazardous content and toxicity of lithium ion batteries so as to encourage recovery, recycling and reuse of these products while minimizing environmental impacts.
스마트폰 리튬배터리의 기술개발로 인한 금속의 자원고갈 및 독성영향 평가
팔폴메자메메자메 ( Palle Paul Mejame Mejame ),정다윤 ( Da-yoon Jung ),이희수 ( Hee-soo Lee ),이대성 ( Dae-sung Lee ),임성린 ( Seong-rin Lim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2020 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.-
스마트폰의 기술 개발로 인하여 전 세계적으로 스마트폰 사용량이 크게 증가하면서 첨단 스마트폰을 지원하기 위한 효율적이고 안전한 리튬배터리가 개발되고 있다. 리튬이온 배터리는 많은 장점들을 가지고 있다. 먼저 부피에 비해 에너지 밀도가 높아 소형, 경량화가 가능하고, 메모리효과가 없어 배터리의 수명이 길며 에너지 손실이 적다. 새로운 스마트폰이 계속해서 개발됨에 따라 리튬 배터리 또한 지속적으로 개발되고 있기 때문에 리튬 배터리는 금속의 자원고갈문제와 환경 독성문제를 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 배터리 기술 개발의 환경적 영향을 파악하기 위해 배터리의 기술 개발에 따른 모델의 교체를 고려하여 스마트폰 리튬 배터리의 금속 물질의 환경 영향을 평가하고 비교하였다. 먼저 배터리의 금속 농도를 분석하여 배터리를 유해 폐기물로 분류할 것인지 여부를 결정하였으며 금속의 자원고갈, 인체독성 및 생태독성을 평가방법으로 전 과정평가 방법을 사용하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 리튬 배터리의 유해성 폐기물의 발생 잠재력은 기술의 발전에 따라 증가함을 보여주었다. 하지만 배터리 모델 교체에 따라 금속의 질량은 전반적으로 감소했기 때문에 자원 고갈 및 독성 영향이 크게 감소하였다. 본 연구는 리튬배터리 제조업체들이 환경영향이 적은 리튬 배터리를 생산하고 전자폐기물 관련 정책의 입안자들이 폐배터리의 유해물질과 독성 금속을 효과적으로 관리 하고 회수할 수 있도록 환경 정보를 제공하여 도움이 될 것이다.
Highly Convenient and Large Scale Synthesis of 5-chloroindole and its 3-substituted Analogues
Keetha, Laxminarayana,Palle, Sadanandam,Ramanatham, Vinodkumar,Khagga, Mukkanti,Chinnapillai, Rajendiran Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.2
A large scale and commercially feasible synthesis of 5-chloroindole and its 3-substituted analogues has been described via a halogen - halogen exchange reaction from 5-bromoindole and its derivatives using cuprous chloride and dipolar aprotic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in one pot with good yields. CuCl과 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone을 이용하여 5-bromoindole을 halogen - halogen 교환반응을 통하여 5-chloroindole계 화합물을 합성하는 one-pot대량합성방법을 개발하였다.
SUNSHINE, EARTHSHINE AND CLIMATE CHANGE: II. SOLAR ORIGINS OF VARIATIONS IN THE EARTH'S ALBEDO
GOODE P. R.,PALLE E.,YURCHYSHYN V.,QIU J.,HICKEY J.,RODRIGUEZ P. MONTANES,CHU M.-C.,KOLBE E.,BROWN C.T.,KOONIN S.E. The Korean Astronomical Society 2003 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.36 No.suppl1
There are terrestrial signatures of the solar activity cycle in ice core data (Ram & Stoltz 1999), but the variations in the sun's irradiance over the cycle seem too small to account for the signature (Lean 1997; Goode & Dziembowski 2003). Thus, one would expect that the signature must arise from an indirect effect(s) of solar activity. Such an indirect effect would be expected to manifest itself in the earth's reflectance. Further, the earth's climate depends directly on the albedo. Continuous observations of the earthshine have been carried out from Big Bear Solar Observatory since December 1998, with some more sporadic measurements made during the years 1994 and 1995. We have determined the annual albedos both from our observations and from simulations utilizing the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scene model and various datasets for the cloud cover, as well as snow and ice cover. With these, we look for inter-annual and longer-term changes in the earth's total reflectance, or Bond albedo. We find that both our observations and simulations indicate that the albedo was significantly higher during 1994-1995 (activity minimum) than for the more recent period covering 1999-2001 (activity maximum). However, the sizes of the changes seem somewhat discrepant. Possible indirect solar influences on the earth's Bond albedo are discussed to emphasize that our earthshine data are already sufficiently precise to detect, if they occur, any meaningful changes in the earth's reflectance. Still greater precision will occur as we expand our single site observations to a global network.
Farsi, Carla,Gillaspy, Elizabeth,Jorgensen, Palle,Kang, Sooran,Packer, Judith Elsevier 2018 Journal of mathematical analysis and applications Vol.468 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, we discuss a method of constructing separable representations of the <SUP> C ⁎ </SUP> -algebras associated to strongly connected row-finite <I>k</I>-graphs Λ. We begin by giving an alternative characterization of the Λ-semibranching function systems introduced in an earlier paper, with an eye towards constructing such representations that are faithful. Our new characterization allows us to more easily check that examples satisfy certain necessary and sufficient conditions. We present a variety of new examples relying on this characterization. We then use some of these methods and a direct limit procedure to identify a faithful separable representation for any row-finite source-free <I>k</I>-graph.</P>