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직장 카르시노이드 종양에서 Ki-67 발현의 예후적 중요성
홍수민 ( Su Min Hong ),김유선 ( You Sun Kim ),문정섭 ( Jung Seop Moon ),김진남 ( Jin Nam Kim ),오명기 ( Myoung Ki Oh ),권선옥 ( Sun Ok Kwon ),정성연 ( Seong Yeon Jeong ),홍성우 ( Seong Woo Hong ),강윤경 ( Yun Kyung Kang ) 대한소화기학회 2013 대한소화기학회지 Vol.61 No.2
Background/Aims: Rectal carcinoid tumors can be resected with endoscopy, and it is important to assess their prognostic factors. We evaluated the potential of Ki-67 expression as a prognostic factor in rectal carcinoid tumors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 37 patients with rectal carcinoid tumors who got endoscopic resection from January 2001 to January 2011 at Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital. We analyzed their endoscopic and histologic findings, Ki-67 expression, clinical outcome, and prognosis. Results: The mean age (±SD) of the patients was 56.3±10.7 years, and the male : female ratio was 3.6:1. The mean tumor size was 0.5±0.4 cm, 33 patients showed grade 1 tumors (89.2%) and the average Ki-67 expression was 0.7±1.2%. Thirty five patients underwent endoscopic mucosal resection, and two required endoscopic submucosal dissection. Eight patients had positive margins after resection, but no cases of lymphovascular invasion were identified. The median follow-up duration was 21.4±25.4 months, and no recurrences were observed. Conclusions: In low grade rectal carcinoid tumors which are lack of central depression on colonoscopy, the expression of a molecular marker of malignant potential, Ki-67, was low. Therefore, endoscopic resection seemed to be a safe and effective treatment for these tumors.
강옥기 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.1
Nowadays the Ministry of Education is reforming the 6th curriculum for elementary and secondary schools. Mathematics curriculum is also reformed together with other subjects. This paper aims to suggest some fundamental directions should be considered carefully in reforming mathematics curriculum. To do this work, the researcher has looked over the history of matheamtics curriculum, analyzed some problems of current matheamtics curriculum, and studied the new trends of matheamatics education and curriculum of a few developed countries. The new fundamental directions for mathematics education suggested here are as follows : (1) Reasoning and problem solving should be emphasized. (2) Practical aspects of mathematics should be emphasized. (3) Calculators and computers should be used as tools for mathematics education. (4) Opportunities for individuals study suitable mathematics according to their courses and abilities should be provided. (5) Fundamental mathematics for future societies should be taught. (b) Various and available teaching and evaluation methods should be used in matheamtics classes. Especially, mathematics courses for high school students should be as follows : common mathematics for all high school students, mathematics Ⅰ for the students who completed common mathematics and want to enter colleges, mathematics Ⅱ for the students who completed mathematics Ⅰ and want to enter natural science course of colleges, practical mathematics for the students who want to work in societies after high school diploma, and mathematics Ⅲ for the students who completed mathematics Ⅱ and have high abilities in mathematics. The new directions suggested in this paper are expected to be realized in the 6th mathematics curriculum or in the next curriculum.
강명규,배정옥,이기종,이영하 忠南大學校環境問題硏究所 1993 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-
To investigate the microfloral composition in activated sludge, more than six hundred bacterial and fungal strains isolated from influent sewage, return sludge and aeration tank of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant were identified to the genus level. During the holding period in the aeration tank development of diverse heterotrophic microbial populations occurred and bacterial and fungal numbers in the aeration tank were 10- to 100-fold higher than in the influent sewage and return sludge. A large number of Gram-negative rods, particularly Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Alcaligenes were found to be the dominant genera in the aeration tank. The species of filamentous fungi Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Lepiomitus, and various yeasts were frequently associated with activated sludge. The most commonly found yeast genera were Candida, Geotrichum, Saccharomyces, Torulopsis and Rhodotorula.
강옥기 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.1
Korean Ministry of Education developed 6^th mathematics curriculum which will be executed from 1995. But this curriculum is very limited for the coming society which requires high technologies and informations. This study discussed and suggested some tasks to be solved to develop Korean mathematics education. The results are as follows : First, mathematics curriculum should be developed to emphasize problem solving, introduce discrete mathematics, and apply calculators and computers for mathematics instructions. Second, mathematics textbooks should be reformed to have creative features for various individual differences and courses. Regulations for teaching instruments and equipments should be revised for each school should purchase effective instruments and equipments for mathematics instruction. Third, evaluation directions of mathematics education in mathematics classrooms and for college enterance examinations should be changed to assess basic and principal mathematics knowledges, mathematical powers, and positive attitudes toward mathematics. Fourth, teachers' colleges should develop new curriculum focused on training good teachers. For the department of mathematics education, at least 9 units of compulsory and 6 units of optional mathematics education subjects are required.
강선희,김미련,김선자,김현옥,노복자,이기화,이정숙 曉星女子大學校 藥學大學 學生會 1988 曉星藥誌 Vol.4 No.-
2, 3; 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D -mannofuranose(ManA) were oxidized to their cor-responding 2, 3;5,6-di-O-isoprolylidene-α-D-manno-1.4-lactone(ManB) using calcium chlorite as oxidant in a phase transfer catalysis system. But identified results were not obvious. V_2O_5 catalzed oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones respectively at alkali conditions under Solod-Liquid phase transfer conditions. This reaction affords good overall yields of products without formation of undersirable.
??C追跡子法에 依한 柑橘의 糖과 有機酸에 關한 硏究 : Effects of Foliar Application of ?? ??의 葉面處理效果
金瀅玉,康順善,柳基中,柳長杰 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1985 연구보고 Vol.1 No.-
柑橘(Citrus unshiu Marc.)의 糖, 有機酸 및 아미노酸에 대한 ??의 영향을 보기 위하여 KCI과 K₂SO₄溶液을 葉面處理하고 ?? 를 同化시킨 뒤 ??C로 標識된 同化産物의 徑時的 變化를 3週間 調査하였다. ?? 處理後 1週日間 果實에 轉流된 ??C 同化産物의 比放射能(cpm/㎖)은 ?? 處理區에서 더컸다. 果汁의 糖分劃 放射能은 그 水準과 變化樣相이 ?? 處理間에 差異가 없었지만, 有機酸分劃에 있어서는 ?? 處理後 2週日 以後에 有機酸分劃의 比放射能 減少量이 ?? 處理區에서 더 많았다. 有機酸分劃의 比放射能에 對한 糖分劃比放射能의 比率이 SO?? 處理區에서는 時間이 경과함에 따라 增加하는 경향이었으나 ?? 處理區는 급격히 減少했다. 따라서 ??가 ??보다 果汁의 甘味比를 증가시키는 것으로 생각되었다. 아미노산分劃의 比放射能은 ?? 處理區보다 ?? 處理區에서 더 많이 增加했다. The effects of spraying ?? solutions on sugar, organic acid and amino acid levels in citrus(C. unshiu Marc.) fruit juice were examined using the ?? method. Each ?? compound under investigation was measured during the three weeks after ??assimilation. The total carbon compound, which was measured as the specific activity (cpm/㎖) of ??, was transported more into the fruit juice within one week after ??assimilation with the SO treatment than with the ?? treatment. The ?? activity changes of the sugar fraction were very similar in both ?? and ?? treatments although the organic acid fraction was reduced more by ??. The specific activity ratio of the sugar fraction to organic acid was increased rapidly when treated with ??. This indicates that ?? plays a role in raising the ratio of sugar to organic acid. It was found that the ?? activity in the amino acid fraction was higher when ?? was applied.
윤상옥,윤종훈,심상흥,강기성 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2002 공업기술연구 Vol.2 No.-
Recently many Microwave devices have been newly developed as the demands for mobile communication and satellite broadcasting have been increased. Microwave dielectrics can be use in dielectric resonator, duplexer filter, VCO, GPS antenna and so on. The dielectric properties required for such application are high dielectric constant(ε_r), high Q value and low temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(τ_f). These requirement correspond to necessities for size reduction, excellent frequency selectivity, good temperature stability of devices. This study was focussed on the improvement and understanding for low-temperature sinterbility and microwave dielectric properties in LiNb_3O_8 compositions. The main topics of this study was the relationship between sinter behavior and microwave dielectric properties on LiNb_3O_8 system. As a result, the dielectric constant and Q×f_0 increased linearly with increase in the sinter density. The dielectric constant is about 34 and the Q×f_0 at a microwave frequencies is over 58000.