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Investigating delay factors in construction industry: A Korean perspective
Nimal Kumar Acharya,이영대,임해만 한국건설관리학회 2006 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.7 No.5
Construction projects are facing delay problems. Delays in construction have been immense effect on performance or satisfactory delivery of the project. Delays have been causing project cost overrun as well as it is a source of dispute hence damaging the relationship between the project participants. The purpose of this study was to explore the causes of delay risk through a field survey study. Data were collected from construction professionals working in owner, consultant and contractor organizations. All together 208 questionnaire instruments were used and analyzed by employing statistical tools (SPSS computer program). 19 delay factors were identified by this study, out of which following factors were critical: Frequent interruptions from public (local people, pressure group etc.), changed site condition, failure to provide required construction site, unrealistic project time estimation and design errors.
An assessment of decentralized government school education in Sri Lanka
Tikiri Nimal Herath 한국교육개발원 2008 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.5 No.1
Developing countries and economies in transition have inclined to embrace decentralization of governance to promote economic growth and development. This increases the powers of sub‐national governments and creates a special pattern for the allocation of resources. In Sri Lanka, the delegation of powers of school education to local authorities made them more powerful in decision making as provincial or regional authorities were empowered to recruit teachers, train teachers, construct buildings, and provide facilities in schools. This situation prompts scholars to conduct studies into school education in Sri Lanka to compare pre and post decentralized periods and the status of institutions. The overall degree of decentralization is low in developing countries and economies in transition. The overall degree of decentralization in Sri Lanka is one digital percent and but the country has decentralized school education on an even basis. This study is to understand changes in resources for school education and to analyze how such changes affect student performance using secondary data on school education of the pre and post decentralized periods. Results show that student performance has improved, but not the efficiency in terms of costs. However, since decentralized school education improves output and matches with the regional preferences of people, such provisions of school education is preferable in satisfying the voter (or principal). If there is an inefficient or a weak sub‐national government, the reasons for such status need to be analyzed to suggest actions to make it efficient.
An Intrusive Method for the Uncertainty Propagation
P. Dossantos-Uzarralde,V. Nimal,G. Dejonghe,M. Sancandi,R. Andre,S. Hilaire 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Models of physical processes like particle scattering often require adjusted parameters to fit experimental data. These parameters are basically uncertain and this feature spreads through the model down to the solution. In this study, an intrusive method of uncertainty propagation, based on Galerkin projection over chaos polynomials, is proposed for optical model calculations. This provides a way to evaluate the uncertainty of the solution induced by the uncertain parameters of the Wood-Saxon potential used form. We employ generalized polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) to express the random response of the optical model and obtain a set of deterministic coupled equations for the expansion coefficients by Galerkin projection. We justify the use of the Cowell method to solve this system in a decoupled fashion. Several moments of the solution are re-built. We provide an illustration of these method for the n+Y^(89) system.
Molecular Characterization of Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Isolates Collected in China
DandanWei,Lu Zhou,Jonathan Nimal Selvaraj,Chushu Zhang,Fuguo Xing,Yueju Zhao,Yan Wang,Yang Liu 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.7
Aspergillus flavus strains were isolated from peanut fields of Liaoning, Shandong, Hubei and Guangdong Provinces in China, and identified through phenotypic and molecular approaches. Of the 323 A. flavus strains isolated, 76 strains did not produce aflatoxins detectable by UPLC. The incidenceof atoxigenic A. flavus strains decreased with increase in temperature and increased with increase in latitude indifferent geographical locations. Amplification of all the aflatoxingenes in the aflatoxin gene cluster in the atoxigenic isolates showed that there were 25 deletion patterns (A-Y),with 22 deletion patterns identified for the first time. Most ofthe atoxigenic A. flavus isolates with gene deletions (97%) had deletions in at least one of the four genes (aflT, nor-1,aflR, and hypB), indicating that these four genes could be targeted for rapid identification of atoxigenic strains. The atoxigenic isolates with gene deletions, especially the isolates with large deletions, are potential candidates for aflatoxin control.
Ming-Hui Huang,David P. Thambiratnam,Nimal J. Perera 국제구조공학회 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.21 No.4
Cable supported structures offer an elegant and economical solution for bridging over long spans with resultant low material content and ease of construction. In this paper, a model of shallow cable supported footbridge with reverse profiled pre-tensioned cables is treated and its load deformation characteristics under different quasi-static loads are investigated. Effects of important parameters such as cable sag and pre-tension are also studied. Numerical results performed on a 3D model show that structural stiffness of this bridge (model) depends not only on the cable sag and cross sectional areas of the cables, but also on the pre-tension in the reverse profiled cables. The tension in the top supporting cables can be adjusted to a high level by the pre-tension in the reverse profiled bottom cables, with the total horizontal force in the bridge structure remaining reasonably constant. It is also evident that pretensioned horizontally profiled cables can greatly increase the lateral horizontal stiffness and suppress the lateral horizontal deflection induced by eccentric vertical loads.
Huang, Ming-Hui,Thambiratnam, David P.,Perera, Nimal J. Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.21 No.4
Cable supported structures offer an elegant and economical solution for bridging over long spans with resultant low material content and ease of construction. In this paper, a model of shallow cable supported footbridge with reverse profiled pre-tensioned cables is treated and its load deformation characteristics under different quasi-static loads are investigated. Effects of important parameters such as cable sag and pre-tension are also studied. Numerical results performed on a 3D model show that structural stiffness of this bridge (model) depends not only on the cable sag and cross sectional areas of the cables, but also on the pre-tension in the reverse profiled cables. The tension in the top supporting cables can be adjusted to a high level by the pre-tension in the reverse profiled bottom cables, with the total horizontal force in the bridge structure remaining reasonably constant. It is also evident that pre-tensioned horizontally profiled cables can greatly increase the lateral horizontal stiffness and suppress the lateral horizontal deflection induced by eccentric vertical loads.
Isolation and characterization of Aspergillus flavus strains in China
Firew Tafesse Mamo,Bo Shang,Jonathan Nimal Selvaraj,Yan Wang,Yang Liu 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.2
Important staple foods (peanuts, maize and rice) are susceptible to contamination by aflatoxin (AF)-producing fungi such as Aspergillus flavus. The objective of this study was to explore non-aflatoxin-producing (atoxigenic) A. flavus strains as biocontrol agents for the control of AFs. In the current study, a total of 724 A. flavus strains were isolated from different regions of China. Polyphasic approaches were utilized for species identification. Non-aflatoxin and non-cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-producing strains were further screened for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis pathway gene clusters using a PCR assay. Strains lacking an amplicon for the regulatory gene aflR were then analyzed for the presence of the other 28 biosynthetic genes. Only 229 (32%) of the A. flavus strains were found to be atoxigenic. Smaller (S) sclerotial phenotypes were dominant (51%) compared to large (L, 34%) and non-sclerotial (NS, 15%) phenotypes. Among the atoxigenic strains, 24 strains were PCR-negative for the fas-1 and aflJ genes. Sixteen (67%) atoxigenic A. flavus strains were PCRnegative for 10 or more of the biosynthetic genes. Altogether, 18 new PCR product patterns were observed, indicating great diversity in the AFB1 biosynthesis pathway. The current study demonstrates that many atoxigenic A. flavus strains can be isolated from different regions of China. In the future laboratory as well as field based studies are recommended to test these atoxigenic strains as biocontrol agents for aflatoxin contamination.
Use of vibration characteristics to predict the axial deformation of columns
H.N. Praveen Moragaspitiya,David P. Thambiratnam,Nimal J. Perera,Tommy H.T. Chan 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.50 No.1
Vibration characteristics of columns are influenced by their axial loads. Numerous methods have been developed to quantify axial load and deformation in individual columns based on their natural frequencies. However, these methods cannot be applied to columns in a structural framing system as the natural frequency is a global parameter of the entire framing system. This paper presents an innovative method to quantify axial deformations of columns in a structural framing system using its vibration characteristics, incorporating the influence of load tributary areas, boundary conditions and load migration among the columns.