http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
The Solvent Problem: Redissolution of Macromolecules in Solution-Processed Organic Electronics
Carol Newby,이진균,Christopher K. Ober 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.3
After deposition, solution processed macromolecules are susceptible to redissolution by similar solvents. This “solvent problem” puts undesirable restrictions on the subsequent processing of organic devices; particularly when forming multiple layers or using organic patterning materials. In this review we survey the creative approaches seeking to resolve the solvent problem. We conclude that two of these approaches show promise as comprehensive solutions; use of orthogonal solvents such as hydofluoroethers, and, use of cross-linking additives. Furthering development of these or other approaches provides the community with plentiful opportunity for valuable future work.
Assessment of Replication and Virulence of Attenuated Pseudorabies Virus in Swine
T. J. Newby,D. P. Carter,K.-J. Yoon,M. W. Jackwood,P. A. Hawkins 대한수의학회 2002 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.3 No.2
A nonclinical study was conducted to characterizethe replication behavior of a modified live gE-deletedpseudorabies virus (PRV MS+1) in swine and potentialfor reversion to virulence after animal passages.Twoto 3 week-old weaned pigs, negative for PRV, weremaintained in isolation and challenged by intranasalinstillation.For the first passage,6 pigs were given 1mL of PRV MS+1 (107.3 TCID50/mL) an d 2 w erenecropsied at 3, 4 and 5 days post-inoculation (PI).Brain and secondary lymphoid tissues were collected,homogenized and the supernatants individually pooledfor virus isolation,and PRV was recovered from eachsample. No clinical signs of PRV in fection w ereobserved, but each pig had a nasal swab suspect orpositive for PRV.For the second passage,5 pigs weregiven 1 mL of the homogenate of mixed tissues from1 animal in the previous passage (PRV at 101.9TCID50/mL). At 5 days PI, all pigs were necropsied,and PRV w as n ot recovered from their tissu ehomogenates or nasal swabs, and no clinical signswere observed. During a second attempt at a secondpassage,tissue homogenates from all pigs in the firstpassage (PRV at approximately 101.7 TCID50/mL) werepooled and used to inoculate 15 pigs with 2 mL for 3consecutive days.Ten pigs were monitored for clinicalsigns and seroconversion through 21 days PI, and 5pigs were necropsied at 5 days PI.No clinical signs orPRV antibodies were detected in the 10 monitoredpigs,and no PRV was recovered from the homogenatesor nasal swabs of the 5 necropsied pigs. Thus, noevidence of reversion to virulence was demonstratedin pigs given the attenuated PRV.
THE STELLAR METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF THE GALACTIC HALO FROM SDSS PHOTOMETRY
An, Deokkeun,Beers, Timothy C.,Johnson, Jennifer A.,Pinsonneault, Marc H.,Lee, Young Sun,Bovy, Jo,Ivezić,, Ž,eljko,Carollo, Daniela,Newby, Matthew IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.763 No.1
<P>We explore the stellar metallicity distribution function of the Galactic halo based on SDSS ugriz photometry. A set of stellar isochrones is calibrated using observations of several star clusters and validated by comparisons with medium-resolution spectroscopic values over a wide range of metal abundance. We estimate distances and metallicities for individual main-sequence stars in the multiply scanned SDSS Stripe 82, at heliocentric distances in the range 5-8 kpc and |b| > 35 degrees, and find that the in situ photometric metallicity distribution has a shape that matches that of the kinematically selected local halo stars from Ryan & Norris. We also examine independent kinematic information from proper-motion measurements for high Galactic latitude stars in our sample. We find that stars with retrograde rotation in the rest frame of the Galaxy are generally more metal poor than those exhibiting prograde rotation, which is consistent with earlier arguments by Carollo et al. that the halo system comprises at least two spatially overlapping components with differing metallicity, kinematics, and spatial distributions. The observed photometric metallicity distribution and that of Ryan & Norris can be described by a simple chemical evolution model by Hartwick (or by a single Gaussian distribution); however, the suggestive metallicity-kinematic correlation contradicts the basic assumption in this model that the Milky Way halo consists primarily of a single stellar population. When the observed metallicity distribution is deconvolved using two Gaussian components with peaks at [Fe/H] approximate to -1.7 and -2.3, the metal-poor component accounts for approximate to 20%-35% of the entire halo population in this distance range.</P>