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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : P. A. Hawkins (검색결과 3 건)
- 무료
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- 유료
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Assessment of Replication and Virulence of Attenuated Pseudorabies Virus in Swine
T. J. Newby,D. P. Carter,K.-J. Yoon,M. W. Jackwood,P. A. Hawkins 대한수의학회 2002 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.3 No.2
A nonclinical study was conducted to characterizethe replication behavior of a modified live gE-deletedpseudorabies virus (PRV MS+1) in swine and potentialfor reversion to virulence after animal passages.Twoto 3 week-old weaned pigs, negative for PRV, weremaintained in isolation and challenged by intranasalinstillation.For the first passage,6 pigs were given 1mL of PRV MS+1 (107.3 TCID50/mL) an d 2 w erenecropsied at 3, 4 and 5 days post-inoculation (PI).Brain and secondary lymphoid tissues were collected,homogenized and the supernatants individually pooledfor virus isolation,and PRV was recovered from eachsample. No clinical signs of PRV in fection w ereobserved, but each pig had a nasal swab suspect orpositive for PRV.For the second passage,5 pigs weregiven 1 mL of the homogenate of mixed tissues from1 animal in the previous passage (PRV at 101.9TCID50/mL). At 5 days PI, all pigs were necropsied,and PRV w as n ot recovered from their tissu ehomogenates or nasal swabs, and no clinical signswere observed. During a second attempt at a secondpassage,tissue homogenates from all pigs in the firstpassage (PRV at approximately 101.7 TCID50/mL) werepooled and used to inoculate 15 pigs with 2 mL for 3consecutive days.Ten pigs were monitored for clinicalsigns and seroconversion through 21 days PI, and 5pigs were necropsied at 5 days PI.No clinical signs orPRV antibodies were detected in the 10 monitoredpigs,and no PRV was recovered from the homogenatesor nasal swabs of the 5 necropsied pigs. Thus, noevidence of reversion to virulence was demonstratedin pigs given the attenuated PRV.
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Lee, Y H,Simmons, M M,Hawkins, S A C,Spencer, Y I,Webb, P,Stack, M J,Wells, G A H American College of Veterinary Pathologists 2009 Veterinary pathology Vol.46 No.1
<P>To investigate the relative involvement of the olfactory region in classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), immunohistochemical labeling of prion protein scrapie (PrP(Sc)) was scored in the brainstem, frontal cerebral cortex, and olfactory bulb of cattle with natural and experimental clinical cases of BSE in Great Britain. The intensity of immunolabeling was greatest in the brainstem, but PrP(Sc) was also detected in the olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex. A diffuse, nonparticulate labeling, possibly due to abundance of cellular PrP, was consistently observed in the olfactory glomeruli of the cases and negative controls. Involvement of the olfactory bulb in BSE and other naturally occurring TSEs of animals raises speculation as to an olfactory portal of infection or a route of excretion of the prion agent.</P>
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Flagel, L. E.,Rapp, R. A.,Grover, C. E.,Widrlechner, M. P.,Hawkins, J.,Grafenberg, J. L.,Alvarez, I.,Chung, G. Y.,Wendel, J. F. Wiley (John WileySons) 2008 American journal of botany Vol.95 No.6
<P>The study of recently formed species is important because it can help us to better understand organismal divergence and the speciation process. However, these species often present difficult challenges in the field of molecular phylogenetics because the processes that drive molecular divergence can lag behind phenotypic divergence. In the current study we show that species of the recently diverged North American endemic genus of purple coneflower, Echinacea, have low levels of molecular divergence. Data from three nuclear loci and two plastid loci provide neither resolved topologies nor congruent hypotheses about species-level relationships. This lack of phylogenetic resolution is likely due to the combined effects of incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, and backcrossing following secondary contact. The poor resolution provided by molecular markers contrasts previous studies that found well-resolved and taxonomically supported relationships from metabolic and morphological data. These results suggest that phenotypic canalization, resulting in identifiable morphological species, has occurred rapidly within Echinacea. Conversely, molecular signals have been distorted by gene flow and incomplete lineage sorting. Here we explore the impact of natural history on the genetic organization and phylogenetic relationships of Echinacea.</P>
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