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Matrix Metalloproteinases and Cancer - Roles in Threat and Therapy
Yadav, Lalita,Puri, Naveen,Rastogi, Varun,Satpute, Pranali,Ahmad, Riyaz,Kaur, Geetpriya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling endopeptidases having the ability to degrade almost all components of extracellular matrix and implicated in various physiological as well as pathological processes. Carcinogenesis is a multistage process in which alteration of the microenvironment is required for conversion of normal tissue to a tumour. Extracellular matrix remodelling proteinases such as MMPs are principal mediators of alterations observed in the microenvironment during carcinogenesis and according to recent concepts not only have roles in invasion or late stages of cancer but also in regulating initial steps of carcinogenesis in a favourable or unfavourable manner. Establishment of relationships between MMP overproduction and cancer progression has stimulated the development of inhibitors that block proteolytic activity of these enzymes. In this review we discuss the MMP general structure, classification, regulation roles in relation to hallmarks of cancer and as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Naveen Pandita,Souvik Paul,Gagandeep Yadav,Roop Bhushan Kalia,Pankaj Kandwal 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.4
Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Purpose: We evaluated the challenges faced during diagnosis and management of patients with subacute pyogenic discitis and discussed various clues in clinical history, radiologic and hematologic parameters of these patients that helped in establishing their diagnosis. Overview of Literature: Present literature available shows that in patients with subacute spondylodiscitis and infection with less virulent organisms, the clinical picture often is confusing and the initial radiologic and hematologic studies do not contribute much toward establishing the diagnosis. Methods: Demographic pattern, predisposing factors, clinical presentation, comorbidities, microbiology, treatment, neurologic recovery, and complications of 11 patients were prospectively reviewed regarding their contribution toward the conformation of diagnosis of subacute pyogenic discitis. Results: Mean age at presentation was 46.0 years with average preoperative Oswestry Disability Index and Visual Analog Scale scores of 83.4 and 7.18, respectively. Mean follow-up duration was 12.0 months. The most common site of infection was the lumbar spine, followed by the thoracic spine (n=1). Infective organisms were isolated in only 45% of cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative organism isolated. Conclusions: Diagnosing subacute spondylodiscitis in a patient presenting with subacute low backache poses a diagnostic challenge. Clinical and radiologic picture are deceiving, and bacteriologic results often are negative, further complicating the picture. A detailed medical history along with clinical, radiologic, and biochemical parameters prevents missing the diagnosis. Serial serum C-reactive protein and alkaline phosphatases were more reliable blood parameters in cases of subacute presentation.
Evaluating Bone Loss with Bone Turnover Markers Following Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Prince Thakkar,Naveen B. Prakash,George Tharion,Sahana Shetty,Thomas V. Paul,Joseph Bondu,Bijesh Yadav 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.1
Study Design: Prospective observational study. Purpose: To evaluate bone turnover markers (BTMs) in individuals with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and to compare the results with those of healthy controls and postmenopausal females. Overview of Literature: SCI significantly impacts bone health. Change in bone mineral density appears 6 months after SCI and rapid bone loss during the acute phase is often underestimated, resulting in osteoporosis and a high risk of sublesional fractures. However, few studies have evaluated BTMs in the Indian SCI population. Despite a high risk of fracture, there are no guidelines for the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of SCI-induced osteoporosis. Methods: Twenty patients within 1 month of traumatic SCI who had been admitted to a tertiary care rehabilitation center were included in this study. Serum BTMs, C telopeptide (CTX) as a bone resorption marker, and osteocalcin as a bone formation marker, were serially measured at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after SCI. BTMs of SCI patients were compared with those of a control group of age-matched healthy males, premenopausal females, and a vulnerable group of postmenopausal females. Results: BTMs were significantly elevated in patients with SCI, with maximum levels observed at the 3rd month of injury. At baseline, the bone resorption marker CTX was approximately 3 times higher in SCI patients than in the control male population and premenopausal females, and about double that of postmenopausal females. The rise in the bone formation marker was marginal in comparison to that of the bone resorption marker. BTMs were persistently elevated and did not reach the normative range until the 6th month of SCI. Conclusions: Raised bone resorption markers in comparison to bone formation markers indicate hyper-resorption-related bone loss following acute SCI. Markedly elevated bone resorption markers in the SCI population, compared with those in control and vulnerable groups, emphasize the need for early bone health monitoring and management.
Prateek Kumar,Maneesha Gupta,Gaurav Kr,Naveen Kumar,Vishal Yadav 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.4
At nanoscale along with the failure of Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor due to short channel effects, Silicon has raised as another bottleneck for researchers. In the last couple of decades, researchers have provided diff erent solutions in the form of Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides materials. Each Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides has its own set of disadvantages like poor I ON /I OFF ratio and lower carrier mobility and hence cannot be used individually. In this article, a tub type metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor is designed and for application of the device in a low power VLSI domain, the back-gated technique is used. Different device properties are studied first with a Silicon-based channel and then a Silicon-Tungsten Disulphide heterojunction channel. The selection of SiO2 as a gate insulator and contact material is also justified. This article shows that instead of using conventional Silicon-based devices it is better to use heterojunction devices, as they offer much lower OFF-state current and better linearity properties.
Hemorrhage complicating the course of severe acute pancreatitis
Vikas Gupta,Pradeep Krishna,Rakesh Kochhar,Thakur Deen Yadav,Venu Bargav,Asheesh Bhalla,Naveen Kalra,Jai Dev Wig 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.3
Backgrounds/Aims: The course of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated by hemorrhage is associated with poor outcome. Methods: Twenty-four (13%) out of 183 cases of SAP had hemorrhagic complications- 12 intraabdominal & 12 intraluminal, 13 had major & 11 had minor and 16 had de-novo & 8 post-surgical bleeding. The mean duration of pancreatitis prior to bleeding was 27±27.2 days. Results: Predictors of haemorrhage on univariate analysis were delayed admission (0.037), more than one organ failure (p=0.008), presence of venous thrombosis (p=0.033), infective necrosis (0.001) and systemic sepsis – bacterial (0.037) & fungal (p=0.032). On multivariate analysis infected necrosis (OR=11.82) and presence of fungal sepsis (OR=3.73) were the significant factors. Patients presenting with more than one organ failure and bacterial sepsis had borderline significance on multivariate analysis. Need for surgery (50% vs. 12.6%), intensive care stay (7.4±7.9 vs. 5.4±5.2 days) and mortality (41.7% vs. 10.7%) were significantly higher in patients who suffered haemorrhage. Seven of the 13 with major bleeding had pseudoaneurysms-4 were embolized, 4 needed surgery including 1 embolization failure. Seven with intraabdominal bleeding required surgical intervention, 2 had successful embolization and 3 had expectant management. CT severity index and surgical intervention, were significantly associated with intraabdominal bleeding. Organ failure, presence of pseudoaneurysm and surgical intervention were associated with major bleeding. Conclusions: Hemorrhage in SAP was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Infected necrosis accentuated the degradation of the vessel wall, which predispose to hemorrhage. Luminal bleeding may be indicative of erosion into the adjacent viscera by the pseudoaneurysm.