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Facilitation of serotonin-induced contraction of rat mesenteric artery by ketamine
Sang Woong Park,Hyun Ju Noh,Jung Min Kim,Bokyung Kim,Sung-Il Cho,Yoon Soo Kim,Nam Sik Woo,Sung Hun Kim,Young Min Bae 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6
Ketamine is an anesthetic with hypertensive effects, which make it useful for patients at risk of shock. However, previous <i>ex vivo</i> studies reported vasodilatory actions of ketamine in isolated arteries. In this study, we reexamined the effects of ketamine on arterial tones in the presence and absence of physiological concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) by measuring the isometric tension of endothelium-denuded rat mesenteric arterial rings. Ketamine little affected the resting tone of control mesenteric arterial rings, but, in the presence of 5-HT (100~200 nM), ketamine (10~100 μM) markedly contracted the arterial rings. Ketamine did not contract arterial rings in the presence of NE (10 nM), indicating that the vasoconstrictive action of ketamine is 5-HT-dependent. The concentration-response curves (CRCs) of 5-HT were clearly shifted to the left in the presence of ketamine (30 μM), whereas the CRCs of NE were little affected by ketamine. The left shift of the 5-HT CRCs caused by ketamine was reversed with ketanserin, a competitive 5-HT<sub>2A </sub>receptor inhibitor, indicating that ketamine facilitated the activation of 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors. Anpirtoline and BW723C86, selective agonists of 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptors, respectively, did not contract arterial rings in the absence or presence of ketamine. These results indicate that ketamine specifically enhances 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and that it is vasoconstrictive in a clinical setting. The facilitative action of ketamine on 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors should be considered in ketamine-induced hypertension as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases such as schizophrenia, wherein experimental animal models are frequently generated using ketamine.
(Nam Ik Han),(Young Sok Lee),(Hwang Choi),(Jong Young Choi),(Seung Kyu Yun),(Se Hyun Cho),(Jun Youl Han),(Jin Mo Yang),(Byung Min Ahn),(Sang Wook Choi),(Chang Don Lee),(Sang Bok Cha),(Hee Sik Sun),(Do 대한내과학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.17 No.2
N/A Background: One of the major morphologic characteristics of hepatitis B is a hepatocellular regeneration which is induced by massive hepatocyte necrosis and associated with proliferative activity of hepatocytes. The purpose of this study is to document the proliferative activity of hepatocytes in various types of hepatitis B by immunohistochemical staining for proliferative cell nuclear antigen-labelling index (PCNA-LI) and electron microscopy. Methods: We studied 83 patients with hepatitis B; 11 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 24 cases of mild chronic hepatitis, 34 cases of severe chronic hepatitis with early cirrhosis and 14 cases of severe chronic hepatitis. The PCNA was tested by immunohistochemical staining using anti-PCNA antibody. Furthermore we evaluated the ultrastructure of acinus-forming hepatocytes (AFH) by electron microscopy. Results : The expression rate and labelling index of PCNA were 27.3% and 5.3±0.9% in acute viral hepatitis, 62.5% and 22.9 ±31.7% in mild chronic hepatits, and then 47.1% and 14.1± 24.2% in severe chronic hepatitis with early cirrhosis, respectively (Figure 1). By contrast, no detectable PCNA expression was noted in AFH. Electron microscopic findings showed that hepatocytes forming a rosette underwent marked degenerative changes with sinusoidal capillarization and increased fine strands of collagen fiber in portal area. Conclusion: The proliferative acitivity of hepatitis B was significantly decreased in severe chronic hepatitis containing AFH. This result suggested that differences in proliferative activity was associated with hepatic cell necrosis and AFH.
Imaging of primary chest wall tumors with radiologic-pathologic correlation.
Nam, Se Jin,Kim, Sungjun,Lim, Beom Jin,Yoon, Choon-Sik,Kim, Tae Hoon,Suh, Jin-Suck,Ha, Doo Hoe,Kwon, Jong Won,Yoon, Young Cheol,Chung, Hye Won,Sung, Mi Sook,Choi, Yun Sun,Cha, Jang Gyu The Society 2011 Radiographics Vol.31 No.3
<P>Neoplasms and tumorlike lesions that originate from chest wall tissues are uncommon compared with tumors in other parts of the body, and unfamiliarity with these disease entities can cause diagnostic difficulties for radiologists. Furthermore, the imaging features of many of these tumors are nonspecific, particularly those that are locally aggressive. However, a systematic approach based on patient age, clinical history, lesion location, and characteristic imaging findings often helps limit the differential diagnosis. Primary chest wall tumors can be classified as bone or soft-tissue tumors, with the latter being further classified into adipocytic tumors, vascular tumors, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, cutaneous lesions, fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors, and so-called fibrohistiocytic tumors, largely based on the 2002 World Health Organization classification. Within each category, it is possible to further limit the differential diagnosis with cross-sectional imaging. Information on specific features (eg, mineralization, fibrosis, hemosiderin deposits) and imaging patterns (eg, the 'target sign' and 'fascicular sign' seen in neurogenic tumors) can aid in making the diagnosis. Radiologists can achieve a sufficiently specific diagnosis of bone tumors and soft-tissue tumors if typical findings are present. © RSNA, 2011.</P>