Animalized Asians in Li-Young Lee`s “The Cleaving” and Myung Mi Kim’s Poetics of Commons

( Dae Joong Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2013 영어 영문학 Vol.59 No.3

This paper aims to address Asian (im)migrants` animalized or Otherized humanity and representations of humanity transposed to animlaity in two poets` poems (Li-Young Lee and Myung Mi Kim) which jointly create a constellation that provides a universal picture of Asians in oppressive history. By this analysis, this paper endeavors to envision two cross-ethnic and cross-aesthetic relations between Li-Young Lee`s commonplace of animalized Asians and Myung Mi Kim`s poetics of commons. Li-Young Lee`s poem, “Cleaving” raises a fundamental question of historicity related to beings` facticity and visualizes, as an ontological de-hierarchization, death as commonly relational ethos of all beings. By these fundamental question and visualization Lee posits this imagery of history and universal Being to physical and spiritual imageries of immigrants; in turn, Lee ends his poem with an image of gathering of all different immigrants into a common place or a ring where the alterity on their faces requires ethical responsibility. Myung Mi Kim`s poems, relational and experimental, draw a constellation which delivers ideas about animalized humanity in the context of global violence such as wars and colonization of Korea and other nations. This paper especially focuses two long poems from her Commons which can be read as a manifesto of her poetics. This paper also shows how Myung Mi Kim traces Western philosophies, aesthetics, and their spirits by forming commons as a literary space of a community through the rhythm of historicity from which she envisages a space of errancy or a trans-spatial experience.

Teaching and Learning Ethico-ontology from Light in August in Globalized Pre-service Education

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

This paper explores and examines the meaning of teaching and learning through a critical recounting of my own experience teaching William Faulkner's novel, Light in August, to Korean pre-service graduate students from the English Education Department in order to test ethico-ontological pedagogy. Also, I try to propose students' differentiated perception and understanding of education contextualized with ethical inquiries of humanity and the political inquiries of social justice. Here, I claim that teaching literature opens and transcends students normal everyday experience to guide them, if painfully, to confront challenging ethical and political questions of education in the differential space created through imagination. William Faulkner's American South in the 1930s in Light in August presents a differential space that transcends Korean graduate students' experience upon which unfolds the shaky ground of humanity and meaning of social justice.

치아 수복용 불소함유 glass filler의 제조 및 특성

김대성,최세영,김경남,김광만,김중곤 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was the reaching test of restorative glass according to composition. Mixtures of SrF₂, CaF₂and SiO₂were fused in platinum crucible. The glasses were ground and fraction which passed through a 400 mesh (38㎛) sieve were collected. The powder specimens were analyzed by a DTA and XRD. Then powder specimen were inserted to D. I. water with various of dissolution time and composition at 37℃. Fluoride ion, cation release, solubility, and pH change were estimated. It was clear that the glasses were formed except S0.65. In S0.40, Tg, Ts, and Tc were 630, 672, and 813℃ respectively. In initial 0.5 hrs., amounts of released fluoride ion and cation were about 90% of total released amounts and released rate was decreased with dissolution time. Amount of released fluoride ion and cation were increased with decreasing SiO₂ in glass filler. And released rate was decreased rapidly by adding CaF₂. This was caused by structural variation in glass filler. Solubility was similar tendency with ion released. The pH of D.I. water was 4.5. But in intial 0.5 hrs., pH was 8.2∼9.8., and decreased according to dissolution time. This is caused by ionic changing with cation and H* ion.

Asian; Lesbian; American

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2010 영어권문화연구 Vol.3 No.1

In this paper, I would like to explore Asian American lesbian literature to achieve three goals. First, I claim that the study of Asian American lesbian literature as a part of lesbians of color in the U.S. can break through the traditional contentions in white dominated lesbian theories between lesbian feminism and queer studies, in that a study of lesbians of color located in a periphery position in lesbian culture can show the true complexity of lesbianism. It can also show the possibility of activism and solidarity, and common ground for anti-racism and anti- heterosexuality. In this regard, literary texts written by Asian American lesbians, though they are relatively few at this time in history, revealsa map where culture, gender, and race are cognitively mapped. Second, in order to point out the limit of epistemological categorization of lesbianism and to find out the more concrete and material position of lesbian experience, I explore the meaning of body in Asian American lesbian literature. To present a better theoretical account, I sketch and adopt Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, with its emphasis on intersubjectivity. Then, to support this hypothesis, I deal with several short stories and a novel written by Asian American lesbian writers. Third, I expand the intersubjective space of the body to the social space where lesbians live and form community. Such spaces as home, camp and public bathrooms where women meet produce a lesbian culture that also reflects the contradictions of the social body to which they belong. I argue that utopian lesbian spaces are interwoven with heterotopia in terms of Foucault's theory about space. However, this contradiction causes lesbians to produce imaginary and cultural spaces that can subvert hegemonic control of compulsory heterosexual culture in social space. After I explore this body and space of lesbians of color focusing on Asian American lesbian literature, I propose that we need to expand lesbian literary studies to the theoretical accounts of lesbianism in globalization, more broadly, the possibility of lesbians' global solidarity, and the possibility of global social revolution to change the compulsory heterosexual culture.

The Machine and Garden in Almanac of the Dead

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2009 영어권문화연구 Vol.2 No.1

This paper aims for comparison of the origin of European American's ideologies as they appear in the writings of early European colonialists and the Native American's criticism about them in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead. To discuss the ideologies, I call them the ‘garden’ and ‘machine’ ideologies. The terms were first used by Leo Marx in his The Machine in the Garden to criticize ideologies of American society from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. In Almanac of the Dead, the ‘garden’ and ‘machine’ ideologies have become extreme individualism, racial discrimination and manipulative industrial capitalism, which result in tragedy for all the characters. However, these ideological apparatuses are imploded by three functions of the almanac that represents the power of Native American history. The almanac in Almanac of the Dead fulfills has three functions. First, it connects the small narratives and disrupts the Euro-American ideologies and discourses in terms of the ecological point of view. Second, the almanac reveals the minorities' lost identities. Third, the almanac symbolizes the solidarity which minorities must forge to destroy Euro-American manipulative colonialism.

De-subjectification and Meaning of Faceless Other in The English Patient

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2

This paper aims to explore Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient to find how modern subjectivity and modern art have proved to be exhaustible through modern history and modern art history by closely reading the novel with theoretical scaffoldings including Deleuze and Guattari's idea of nomadism and de-subjecitification and the contextualization between life and book. On the surface level, the novel adopts a detective/war plot but severely maimed face of the English patient, the protagonist, is the focal point in this novel inquiring what the meaning of this erased faciality is. In fact, the English patient's face, a metaphor of the corporeal book and the history, figuratively links to the geography and geology of the Western-centered fascism and resistance. The English patient at first chooses absolute deterritorialization but his nomadic journey fails as he becomes obsessed with possession of Katherine. Yet, the English patient's persistent efforts to disguise himself also opens a way of communication to heal not only his trauma but other characters'. Through these analysis and arguments, this paper intimates that de-subjectification through communicating Others via corporeal metaphor embodies true nomadism.

The Effects of Publicly Disclosing the Corporate Sustainability Management Practices on Its Stakeholders' Satisfaction and Trustworthiness to the Corporations

Kim,Jong-Dae.Lee,Joong-Kyu.Kim,Yeon-Bok 한국상품학회 2012 商品學硏究 Vol.30 No.6

This study examined effects on stakeholder satisfaction and reliability and how stakeholders become aware of by disclosing sustainability management public activities being promoted or has been promoted by a corporate through empirical analysis. The study examined effects on satisfaction and reliability by examining level of awareness on growth index, profit index along with governance, risk management corresponding to economical activities and environment management, responding to climate changes, green products, green logistics corresponding to environmental activities and finally social contribution, human rights protection, consumer information protection, growth with partners corresponding to social activities out of sustainability management. The study also examined effects according to demographical characteristics and types of life styles. Subjects for study were employees of LG Household & Health Care a manufacturer of consumer goods, partners, institutional investors and consumers using Google Docs program and conducted surveys on 43 items and study period was from Nov 10 to 30 of 2011 through online. Hypothesis was verified using SAS statistics programfor empirical analysis and statistical methods applied was regression analysis and correlation analysis and variance analysis. The results fromthis study can be summarized as followings. First, the effects on stakeholder satisfaction by disclosing performance of sustainability management were analyzed as having positive (+) effects on stakeholder satisfaction by all factors of economical, environmental, social activities which are triple bottom lines of corporate sustainable activities. The study showed that the awareness on performance especially on environmental responsibilities affected greatly in stakeholder satisfaction. Second, the effects on stakeholder reliability by disclosing performance of sustainability management were analyzed as having positive (+) effects on stakeholder satisfaction by all factors of economical, environmental, social activities which are triple bottom lines of corporate sustainable activities. The study showed that the awareness on performance especially on social responsibilities affected greatly in stakeholder satisfaction. Third, the effects on stakeholder satisfaction and reliability on the awareness of performance of sustainability management according to the types of stakeholder did not show meaningful results. The awareness on performance of sustainability management was higher for employees than other stakeholders thus forecasted that satisfaction or reliability according to this would be high but could not find meaningful differences between stakeholder groups but showed higher satisfaction from shareholders and institutional investors. This is believed that the disclosure of sustainability management is required for institutions for analyzing, evaluating and making investments on corporate and providing information. Fourth, disclosed data on sustainability management was analyzed as having significantly positive (+) effects on third party verifications and reliability. The study showed that reliability on environment and social data was high. This is because there are hardly any reports on disclosed corporate environmental and social contributions and the contents were at the level of promotional materials by corresponding organizations while reports on sustainability management published by third party verifications were trusted more. Fifth, the relationship between stakeholder satisfaction and reliability on sustainability management showed no statistically meaningful results between two groups after analyzing satisfaction and reliability between groups with high interest and low interest in sustainability management. The effects on stakeholder satisfaction and reliability on the awareness and the interest on performance of sustainability management showed that the interest on sustainability management has no meanin

Meaning of Crossing Borderlines and Differential Movement in Chicana Literature

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.2

This paper aims to deliberately describe and critically review the genealogy of Chicana literature, especially novels, via Chicana theorists’ critical lens―Emma Perez’s ‘decolonial imagination’ and Chela Sandoval’s ‘Methodology of the Oppressed.’ Tracing Chicana literary history, I will first of all analyze a groundbreaking novel, Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton’s Who Would Have Thought it?, which has been regarded as one of the groundbreaking major Chicana literary texts. In turn, I will analyze another historical Chicana literary and critical text, Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderlands/La Frontera utilizing Emma Perez’s theory. Through this analysis, I will probe deeply into the meaning of crossing imaginary, ideological and real borderlines across racism, colonialism, and sexism for Chicana writers. In the last section, I will interpret Norma Elia Cantu’s Canicula-Snapshots of a Girlhood with theoretical scaffolding of Chela Sandoval’s semiotic critique. The images and written texts in this experimental pseudo -memoir semiotically deconstruct ideologies of the U.S. where only white mythology dominates. After all, I envision a literary constellation where borders become emblem in which Chicana’s voices resonate with other ethnic women writers’ memories.

Race Out of Joint: (Im)possibility of Post-raciality

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

In this paper, I contend that post-raciality is a strategically- created ideological fantasy that blocks people from opening their eyes wide to behold the truth of the discursive network of such ideological state apparatuses as colonialism, gender, class, xenophobia, raciality, global capitalism, etc. The debates surrounding the possibility and accountability of post-Obama raciality, post-raciality, post-racial liberalism, or colorblindness have many discursive fronts. I examine a few of these fronts using several theorists’ contention over the meaning of post-raciality; and then, I discuss how problematic the post-racial discourses can be. Michel Foucault discusses how the state made use of racism to establish nationalism and national conflicts as an ironical strategy to keep national unity. Etienne Balibar argues for a ‘differential racism’ that applies traditional racial categorization and strategies of oppression to new immigrants or migrants. Omi and Winant maintain that the race has been formed by the racial state whose foundation itself is linked to the history of racism (racial dictatorship) and racial movement (racial democracy) that resist it. Paul Gilory points out the operation of the same bio-politics in the discourse of race, while he fully embraces the idea of post-raciality as the global racial reality. Yet, Gilroy’s audacious challenges against the significance of race in the postmodern culture sounds only partially legitimate. Reading through those theories, in this paper I argue that post-raciality is an ideological fantasy that hover over the dark racial reality where white supremacy and differential racism work.

Korean Americans in the Space of Racial Formation

( Kim¸ Dae Joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2012 영어권문화연구 Vol.5 No.1

This paper aims to show how Asian Americans, especially Korean Americans, as a race or ethnic group has been represented in early immigration history. In the postmodern global society, social status of Asian Americans is overdetermined by ideologies of the model minority. To understand these phenomena, research on the racial space or urban ethnic enclaves Korean Americans have created is necessary. In this regard, spatial theory can be a theoretical framework Asian American literary scholars can take. Applying various spatial theories which emphasize spatial interconnection of different spaces the oppressed create to resist authentic rule of the teleological history, in this paper, I will analyze how the early Korean immigration history created the dialectic space of utopia and heterotopia in the Korean enclave within the complex, hegemonic context of nationalism, class, racism, and colonialism. For this project, I will analyze Clay Walls written by Ronyoung Kim. By this research, I will also demonstrate the spatial meaning of race and racism in early Korean immigration societies in the U.S. history. And then, I will argue that this Korean enclave, founded by early Korean immigrants who were the ideologues of nationalism aspiring to build an ethnic utopia, are placed in a contradictory relation to heterotopia for the second generation.