Simultaneous Equation Estimation in Finance and Corporate Financial Decision: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange

AHMED, Wahab,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,RAUF, Abdul,ULHAQ, SM Nabeel,BANO, Safia,SARWAR, Bilal,HUDA, Shams ul,KHAN, Mirwaise,WALI, Ahmed,DURRANI, Maryam Najeeb Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

In the last few years, there is growing interest in the field of simultaneous equation estimation in finance due to the endogeneity problem caused by measurement errors, simultaneity, or omitted variables. This study aims to discuss the endogeneity problem in corporate financing decisions and investigate the interrelationship of financial decision-making such as investment decision, dividend decision, and external financing decision in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) using two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation. The Bruech-Pagan test shows that the data has no heteroskedasticity issue and 2SLS is a better approach in the context of this study as compared to the GMM approach, and internal instruments are also sufficiently strong and valid. The three financial decision-making attributes are not jointly determined, and the dividend is influenced by one-sided investment. In the emerging stock market context, external financing and investment are not inter-related and did not affect each other. The question of whether the simultaneous equation estimation can be useful in the context of the emerging stock markets and newly-growing firms remains unanswered. The inclusive evidence shows that the theoretical link in the emerging stock market is difficult to prove like in developed stock markets.

Improved cycling performance of polypyrrole coated potassium trivanadate as an anode for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries

Najeeb ur Rehman Lashari,Mingshu Zhao,Jun Wang,XINHAI HE,Irfan Ahmed,Miao Miao Liang,Songpon Tangsee,Xiaoping Song 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-

The energy storage properties of layered metal vanadate, especially alkali metal vanadates have beenextensively studied. Metal vanadates have a more robust electrochemical output in contrast with pristinevanadium oxides. However, the detailed processes underlying the efficiency contrast of vanadates andvanadium oxides have rarely been studied. Herein a facile hydrothermal and low-temperature polymerizationmethod was introduced to synthesize KV3O8 and KV3O8@PPy nanowire bundles as anode materialfor an aqueous rechargeable Lithium batteries. The nanowires are composed of KV3O8·0.59H2O calculatedusing thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Successfully synthesized layered vanadium based KV3O80.59H2O (KVO) and KV3O8 0.59H2O@PPy (KVO@PPy) nanowires and investigated the source of theimproved electrochemical efficiency of PPy coated potassium vanadates compared to pristine KVO usingcrystal structure analysis and electrochemical tests. We demonstrated increase in electrochemical stabilityfor KVO@PPy caused by synergistic effect of K+ in vanadate nanowires and PPy coating. In KVO theoxygen atoms have close contact with the K ions, and the stable K+ serve as ‘‘pillars” between interlayersto shield the layered structures from collapse during the charge/discharge phase, while the PPy reducescharge transfer resistance. This research adds helps us design better electrode materials to be used as ananode material for ARLB using alkali metal vanadate.

Protective function of nicotinamide against ketamine-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant rat brain.

Ullah, Najeeb,Ullah, Ikram,Lee, Hae Young,Naseer, Muhammad Imran,Seok, Park Moon,Ahmed, Jawad,Kim, Myeong Ok Birkhäuser Boston 2012 Journal of molecular neuroscience Vol.47 No.1

<P>During development, anesthetics activate neuroapoptosis and produce damage in the central nervous system that leads to several types of neurological disorders. A single dose of ketamine (40?mg/kg) during synaptogenesis in a 7-day-old rat brain activated the apoptotic cascade and caused extensive neuronal cell death in the forebrain. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of nicotinamide against ketamine-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration. After 4?h, neuronal cell death induced by ketamine was associated with the induction of Bax, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and activation of caspase-3. One single dose of 1?mg/g nicotinamide was administered to a developing rat and was found to inhibit ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis by downregulating Bax, inhibiting cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol, and inhibiting the expression of activated caspase-3. TUNEL and immunohistochemical analyses showed that ketamine-induced cell death occurred through apoptosis and that it was inhibited by nicotinamide. Fluoro-Jade-B staining demonstrated an increased number of dead cells in the cortex and thalamus after ketamine treatment; treatment with nicotinamide reduced the number of dead cells in these brain regions. Our findings suggest that nicotinamide attenuated ketamine-induced neuronal cell loss in the developing rat brain and is a promising therapeutic and neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.</P>

Nizwaside: a new anticancer pregnane glycoside from the sap of Desmidorchis flava

Hidayat Hussain,Ahmed Al-Harrasi,Muhammad Adil Raees,Najeeb Ur Rehman,Ahmed Al-Rawahi,Rene´ Csuk,Husain Yar Khan,Ghulam Abbas,Mohammed Abdullah Al-Broumi,Ivan R. Green,Ali Elyassi,Talat Mahmood 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.12

The sap from the succulent Desmidorchis flava (N.E.Br) Meve and Liede yielded a new pregnane glycoside, named nizwaside whose structure was established using 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Nizwaside was tested for anticancer, DPPH antioxidant, urease enzyme inhibition, a-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Interestingly, nizwaside showed significant anti-proliferative effects on MDA MB231 breast cancer cells with an IC50 of 23.5 lg/ml. Moreover, nizwaside was more effective than Doxorubicin, a wellknown clinical anticancer drug, in suppressing MDA MB231 cell proliferation even at concentrations lower than that of Doxorubicin (75 lg/ml nizwaside vs. 100 lg/ml Doxorubicin). On the other hand, nizwaside showed relatively weak antioxidant activity with 15 % inhibition.

Parallel MapReduce: Maximizing Cloud Resource Utilization and Performance Improvement Using Parallel Execution Strategies

Al-Absi, Ahmed Abdulhakim,Al-Sammarraie, Najeeb Abbas,Shaher Yafooz, Wael Mohamed,Kang, Dae-Ki Hindawi 2018 BioMed research international Vol.2018 No.-

<P>MapReduce is the preferred cloud computing framework used in large data analysis and application processing. MapReduce frameworks currently in place suffer performance degradation due to the adoption of sequential processing approaches with little modification and thus exhibit underutilization of cloud resources. To overcome this drawback and reduce costs, we introduce a Parallel MapReduce (<I>PMR</I>) framework in this paper. We design a novel parallel execution strategy of Map and Reduce worker nodes. Our strategy enables further performance improvement and efficient utilization of cloud resources execution of Map and Reduce functions to utilize multicore environments available with computing nodes. We explain in detail makespan modeling and working principle of the <I>PMR</I> framework in the paper. Performance of <I>PMR</I> is compared with Hadoop through experiments considering three biomedical applications. Experiments conducted for BLAST, CAP3, and DeepBind biomedical applications report makespan time reduction of 38.92%, 18.00%, and 34.62% considering the <I>PMR</I> framework against Hadoop framework. Experiments' results prove that the <I>PMR</I> cloud computing platform proposed is robust, cost-effective, and scalable, which sufficiently supports diverse applications on public and private cloud platforms. Consequently, overall presentation and results indicate that there is good matching between theoretical makespan modeling presented and experimental values investigated.</P>

In vivo evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuropharmacological activities of the chemical constituent from Nepeta clarkei

Javid Hussain,Najeeb Ur Rehman,Ahmed Al-Harrasi,Abdul Latif Khan,Tania Shamim Rizvi,Faryal Vali Mohammad,Mehjabeen,Liaqat Ali 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.6

The plant species of genus Nepeta are used totreat various human diseases and for ornamental purposesas well. Nepethalate B (1) was isolated as a result ofphytochemical investigations of Nepeta clarkei and wassubjected in the present study for investigation of analgesic,anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system (CNS)depressant activities. The percentage inhibition in phase Iof the acetic acid induced writhing test of compound 1(dose of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of body weight) was 53.3,58.0 and 86.7 % respectively. These results were foundsignificantly higher (P\0.01) as compared to the negativecontrol. Moreover, the percentage inhibitions of threephases for 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg were higher than thevalues obtained for Aspirin (positive control). In formalintest, the percentage pain inhibition between 0 and 5 min(early phase) was 68.0, 25.5, and 75.5 % for 0.1, 0.2 and0.4 mg/kg intra-peritoneal doses of compound 1 respectively. In case of late phase (20–30 min) it was 63.0, 66.7and 48.1 %, respectively. In comparison to aspirin, overallpercentage inhibition of compound 1 was significantlyhigher in early and late phases. Interestingly, at all dosescompound 1 showed more potent anti-inflammatory effectsin terms of intensity and duration as compared to aspirin. The gross behavioral study of nepethalate B (1) was alsocarried out and the results revealed that it exhibited CNSdepression in the mice and showed a prominent decrease inlocomotor activity.

Inguinal Herniation of Urinary Bladder on F-18 Sodium Fluoride (NaF) PET-CT

Sharjeel Usmani,Fahad Marafi,Najeeb Ahmed,Nafisah kazem 대한핵의학회 2017 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.51 No.4

Inguinal herniation of urinary bladder is uncommon and usually an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients. In some of these patients, residual urine volume and consequently, urinary tracer activity can be higher in the herniated bladder than the native bladder, in which case interpretation can be challenging on conventional planar imaging.We describe an interesting case of physiological activity in a herniated bladder simulating a Btear-drop^. This case serves an important reminder that whilst F-18NaF PET-CT has a similar spectrum of urinary activity to conventional bone scintigraphy; morphological correlation on hybrid imaging is invaluable in ensuring the physiological nature of uptake.

Decreased GABABR expression and increased neuronal cell death in developing rat brain after PTZ-induced seizure.

Naseer, Muhammad Imran,Ullah, Ikram,Al-Qahtani, Mohammed H,Karim, Sajjad,Ullah, Najeeb,Ansari, Shakeel Ahmed,Kim, Myeong Ok,Bibi, Fehmida Springer-Verlag Italia 2013 Neurological sciences Vol.34 No.4

<P>The objective of this study was to evaluate the PTZ-induced seizures effects on GABAB receptor (R) expression and to observe its neurodegenerative effect in hippocampal part of developing rat brain. In the present study, high dose of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ 40 mg/kg) was injected in developing rats of age 5 weeks having average weight of 60-65 g for 4 days. Further, baclofen (B 3 mg/kg i.p) agonist and phaclofen (P 30 μg/rat) antagonist of GABABR were injected along with PTZ. Western blot analysis was used to elucidate expression of GABABR protein upon PTZ, baclofen and phaclofen exposure in the developing rat brain. Furthermore, PTZ-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration was also observed through the release of caspase-3 antibody and propidium iodide (PI) staining using confocal microscopy. Seizure was confirmed using electroencephalography (EEG) data obtained from the Laxtha EEG-monitoring device in the EEG recording room and EEG was monitored 5-15 min after PTZ injection. The results of the present study showed that PTZ-induced seizure significantly decreased GABABR expression and induced neuronal apoptosis in cortical and hippocampal part of brain. While, baclofen reverse the effect of PTZ by increasing the expression of GABABR as compared to the PTZ- , PTZ plus B- and PTZ plus P-treated groups. Our findings indicated that PTZ-induced seizure showed not only decrease in GABABR expression but also cause neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain.</P>