Verbal Suffix-Repetition Constructions in Korean: A Constraint-and Construction-based Approach

( Sae Youn Cho ),( Na Hyun Ku ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.1

Cho, Sae-Youn & Ku Na-Hyun 2012, Verbal Suffix-Repetition Constructions in Korean: A Constraint-and Construction-based Approach. Linguistic Research 29(1), 173-195. There are various Verbal Suffix-Repetition (VSR) constructions in Korean, where suffixes such as-na1 tun(ci)/ tun(ka) are attached to the repeated verbs. Calling the VSR Choice-denying Repeated Verbs construction, Lee (2011) claims that the following verb of the VSR, which can he replaced with ma!-, should contain a negative but the preceding verb should be affirmative in the VSR construction which disallows any NPI within it. Unlike Lee (2011), we claim that the verbs in the VSR can freely occur either in the preceding position or in the following one regardless of their Neg value so long as they share the same verbal suffix forms such as -tun(ka). Furthermore, NPIs may occur within the VSR construction if they occur with a negative predicate within the same clause. To implement the findings above into HPSG, we have proposed the two lexical entries for mal-, the VSR Construction Rule, and the NPI Clause-mate Constraint. These tools enable us to account for the idiosyncratic properties of the VSR constructions under this constraint- and construction-based approach.

Expression of the Na⁺-HCO₃⁻cotransporter and its role in pH_iregulation in guinea pig salivary glands

Li, Jingchao,Koo, Na-Youn,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Kwon, Tae-Hwan,Choi, Se-Young,Lee, Sung J.,Oh, Seog B.,Kim, Joong-Soo,Park, Kyungpyo American Physiological Society 2006 American journal of physiology, Gastrointestinal a Vol.291 No.6

<P>Patterns of salivary HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>secretion vary and depend on species and gland types. However, the identities of the transporters involved in HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>transport and the underlying mechanism of intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in salivary glands still remain unclear. In this study, we examined the expression of the Na<SUP>+</SUP>-HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>cotransporter (NBC) and its role in pHiregulation in guinea pig salivary glands, which can serve as an experimental model to study HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>transport in human salivary glands. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and pHimeasurements from BCECF-AM-loaded cells were performed. The amiloride-sensitive Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP>exchanger (NHE) played a putative role in pHiregulation in salivary acinar cells and also appeared to be involved in regulation in salivary ducts. In addition to NHE, NBC also played a role in pHiregulation in both acini and ducts. In the parotid gland, NBC1 was functionally expressed in the basolateral membrane (BLM) of acinar cells and the luminal membrane (LM) of ducts. In the submandibular gland, NBC1 was expressed only in the BLM of ducts. NBC1 expressed in these two types of salivary glands takes up HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>and is involved in pHiregulation. Although NBC3 immunoreactivity was also detected in submandibular gland acinar cells and in the ducts of both glands, it is unlikely that NBC3 plays any role in pHiregulation. We conclude that NBC1 is functionally expressed and plays a role in pHiregulation in guinea pig salivary glands but that its localization and role are different depending on the type of salivary glands.</P>

Functional maturation of lamina propria dendritic cells by activation of NKT cells mediates the abrogation of oral tolerance

Chang, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Jung-Mi,Youn, Hyun-Jun,Lee, Kyoo-A,Chung, Yeonseok,Lee, Ah-Young,Kweon, Mi-Na,Kim, Ho-Youn,Taniguchi, Masaru,Kang, Chang-Yuil WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 European journal of immunology Vol.38 No.10

<P>We previously showed that although systemic administration of α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) or agonistic anti-CD40 induced functional maturation of dendritic cells (DC) in mesenteric lymph nodes, only the former treatment succeeded in breaking the induction of oral tolerance. In this study, we looked for the essential factor responsible for the disruption of oral tolerance. We found that lamina propria (LP)-DC was responsible for the oral OVA presentation and that Peyer's patch was not essential for the induction of oral tolerance. Therefore, we investigated the role of LP-DC. Treatment with αGalCer but not with anti-CD40 induced the full maturation of LP-DC at an early time point. This functional activation of LP-DC was mediated by strong activation of NKT cells that reside abundantly in the small intestinal lamina propria (SI-LP) and interferon-γ partially contributed to the LP-DC activation. LP-DC isolated from αGalCer-treated OVA-fed mice induced the differentiation of naïve CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells into Th1 and Th2 and was associated with the reduced Foxp3<SUP>+</SUP> population. In contrast, LP-DC isolated from anti-CD40-treated OVA-fed mice failed to generate Th cell differentiation but induced more Foxp3<SUP>+</SUP> CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Our results demonstrate that triggered by NKT cells in SI-LP, functional maturation of Ag-capturing DC from SI-LP is necessary for the abrogation of oral tolerance induction.</P>

작업환경이 조직성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

나윤기 경원전문대학 2000 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Under changing management surrounding, Leaders want to improve competitiveness of company, and they were begun to concern ability and performance improvement of human resource. To improve ability and performance of human resource, employees must build up meaning, competence, impact, self-determination about their job. The purpose of this research is to find out influence factor of work environment and moderate effect through proactive personality. To accomplish such purpose, literature review about work environment was conducted and empirical study was devised on the review. For the empirical study, 570 questionnaires were collected from 27 companies, and thus were used for analysis. The test result is summarized as follows: These result give some managerial implications that work environment are needed to consider proactive personality for the improvement of employee's organizational performance and organizational commitment was affected by meaning and impact in work environment.

프리셉터 경험이 간호업무수행과 직무만족에 미치는 영향 연구

류언나,송혜숙,장은희,서효신,추연화,김인선,나명주,지성애,박경숙 중앙대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate how preceptor experience has an effect upon preceptor nurses. This study was so designed that it could compare the difference between clinical performance and Job satisfaction of preceptor nurses and those of nonpreceptor nurses. Study subjects were sampled out from those nurses who worked with two university hospitals where preceptor programs were implemented. The number of subjects totaled to 134, including 69 preceptor nurses and 70 nonpreceptor nurses. The score of preceptor nurses' clinical performance and job satisfaction revealed a higher value than that of nonpreceptor nurses. A similar result was also shown in the subdomains. However these difference were not statistically significant. Among all of the preceptor nurses, the highest number of preceptor experience was just one time. Except for five times in preceptor experience, the more the number of times of preceptor experience, the higher score in clinical performance. It was manifested that the number of preceptor experience was not related to job satisfaction. The score of preceptor nurses' clinica1 performance and job satisfaction revealed a higher value than that of nonpreceptor nurses. A similar result was also shown in the subdomains. However these difference were not statistically significant. The reward that preceptor nurses wished most was a reduction of the work load assigned to them. Currently preceptor nurses are only receiving a small quantity of financial reward related with their preceptor role. Most of preceptor nurses (96.8%) were not satisfied with their existing reward. Almost half of the preceptor nurses(43.5%) did not want to play a role as preceptor again. The reason why the scores of clinical performance and job satisfaction were low might be attributed to the inadequate preceptor training program and reward system. Appropriate knowledge and clinical skill are expected to enhance the level of preceptor nurses' clinical performance and appropriate internal and external reward to elevate the level of preceptor nurses' Job satisfaction. Therefore, it is needed for us to develop more effective preceptor education program, financial reward, support of colleague nurses and nursing managers, and adjust workload for the purpose of more effective preceptor programs.

부모 면담을 통한 청각장애유아의 통합 실태와 요구

박빛나,조윤경 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2012 특수교육 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 통합유아교육기관에 재원 중인 청각장애유아 부모와의 면담을 통해 청각장애유아의 통합 상황과 부모의 요구에 대해 알아봄으로써 청각장애유아의 효과적인 통합을 위한 구체적인 지원방안을 제시하고자 시행하였다. 수도권에 위치한 통합유아교육기관에 재원 중인 만 3-5세 청각장애유아의 어머니 6명을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 연속적비교법을 이용하여 부호화한 후, 부호들 간의 연속적인 비교를 통해 범주와 주제를 형성하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청각장애유아의 통합유아교육기관 입소 과정은 법 제정으로 인해 비교적 용이하였고, 언어와 사회성 발달을 위해 통합유아교육기관을 선택하고 있었다. 둘째, 통합유아교육기관에서 청각장애유아는 입소 시 다양한 어려움을 겪었지만, 통합유아교육기관의 지원방법 및 내용에 따라 통합유아교육기관에 대한 부모의 만족도는 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 청각장애유아는 개별화교육 등 여러 지원을 받고 있었으나, 청각장애를 위한 전문적인 지원은 받지 못하고 있었다. 넷째, 청각장애유아의 부모는 통합유아교육기관에 대해 청각장애유아를 위한 전문적인 지원을 원하였고, 사회성 증진을 위한 또래와의 긍정적 관계 형성과 더불어서 청각장애유아의 재활을 위한 국가의 경제적 지원과 교육적 지원이 필요하다고 요구하였다. This study aims to investigate the inclusive early childhood education conditions of hearing-impaired children and the need of the children’s parents through face-to-face interview with the parents, and to suggest the support devices for effective inclusion of the hearing-impaired children into general education class. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six mothers of 3 to 5 year old hearing-impaired children who are attending inclusive early childhood educational settings located in Seoul. The result of this study is as follows. First, admission to inclusive early childhood educational settings was relatively easy because of the special education laws. Hearing-impaired children chose to attend inclusive educational settings for their social development. Second, the hearing-impaired children experienced various difficulties, parents showed the differences in education satisfaction according to the supporting methods and content of inclusive education. Third, the hearing-impaired children received the individualized education, etc., but not with professional support for their hearing impairment. Fourth, the parents of the hearing-impaired children asked for professional support for the children as well as reinforcing the children’s positive relation with their peers for social improvement. And they were asking for governmental financial and educational support for the children’s rehabilitation.

칼슘제 수관살포가 참다래의 과실 품질과 저장에 미치는 영향

임경호,나양기,임동근,마경철,조윤섭,김월수,이상현,박용서 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-

This study were carried out to improve Kiwifruit quality and storage life. Three kinds of calcium compound were sprayed and calcium content of fruits, weight loss during fruit storage and fruit quality were investigated. Calcium contents within leaves and fruit were lower in Clef-non treatment than that of control. The calcium content in fruit pericarp of Kalk-H and CaCl2 was 0.04 to 0.05% higher than that of control. Fruit weight and soluble solids content at harvest was a little higher but acidity and fruit hardness was lowered. Fruit weight loss of Kalk-H and CaCl2 treatment was 1.39 to 1.53% lower than that of control during storage. The soluble solids of ripen fruit was 1.0 to 1.3% higher in all treatment and 0.8% higher in Kalk-H treatment in 120 of after storage. Fruit hardness of control fruit was higher at harvest but that of CaCl2 treatmented fruit was 0.39㎏/φ 5㎜ higher in 120 days of storage.

인위적 근피로 유발후 단축성과 신장성 근수축 운동시 근 토크의 변화

강영석,안창영,윤성원,나윤수 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1995 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of the peak torque, average power and total work of muscle function in the fatigue during eccentric(ECC) and concentric contraction (Con). Subjects were seven (7) adults man, who were paticipated in the ECC and CON experiments. Their gastronemus muscle were measured by CYBEX(Lurnax Co.) 6000system. Muscle fatigue was induced by 50 repetitionplantar flexion at 180 /sec load speed. In pre and post test, peak, average power and total work were analized when subjects were tested plantar flexion at 180/sec load speed. the summary of this results is as following : 1. Peak torque in the ECC were significantly higher than that of the CON. 2. Average power and total work of the Eccentric contraction appeared a higher than that of the Concentric contraction significantly. As a results. peak torque, average power and total workin the ECC was significantly higher than that of the CON throughout the experiments. In this fact, Mechanical efficiency in the ECC will expect to be higher than that of the CON.

Characteristics of Writing in Parkinson’s Disease: Focused on Pen Pressure, Letter Size, and Writing Speed

이한솔(Han Sol Lee),윤진영(Jinyoung Youn),조진환(Jin Whan Cho),안종현(Jong Hyeon Ahn),윤지혜(Ji Hye Yoon),나덕렬(Duk L. Na) 한국언어청각임상학회 2020 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.25 No.1

배경 및 목적: 파킨슨병(PD)의 운동 장애는 쓰기 수행에서 글자 크기뿐만 아니라 필압과 속도 측면에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 PD의 쓰기 특성을 필압, 크기, 속도를 중심으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: PD 38명과 정상 성인(NA) 25명, 총 63명을 대상으로, 태블릿 PC와 디지털펜을 가지고 필압, 획의 길이, 쓰기 시간을 측정할 수 있는 소프트웨어를 사용하여 점선 따라 그리기와 문장 쓰기 과제를 실시하고, 필압, 글자 크기, 쓰기 속도를 분석하였다. 결과: 점선 따라 그리기 과제에서 필압은 두 집단 간 차이가 없었고, 쓰기 속도는 PD 집단이 NA 집단 보다 느렸다. 문장 쓰기 과제에서 PD 집단이 NA 집단 보다 필압이 저하되고, 글자 크기가 작으며, 쓰기 속도가 느렸다. 두 집단은 공통적으로 글자 크기와 쓰기 속도 간의 정적 상관이 나타났으며, PD 집단은 필압과 쓰기 속도 간의 정적 상관도 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구 결과는 PD로 인하여 강도, 크기, 속도 등의 운동 능력을 조절하는 것의 어려움이 쓰기 수행 시 필압, 글자 크기, 쓰기 속도로 반영될 수 있음을 보여준다. 본 연구는 그간 글자 크기에만 초점이 맞추어졌던 PD의 쓰기 특성에서 필압이나 쓰기 속도와 같이 다양한 요소를 측정하는 것이 중요함을 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Objectives: Movement disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can affect not only letter size but also pen pressure and writing speed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of writing with focus on pressure, size, and speed in PD. Methods: Sixty-three subjects (38 in a PD group and 25 in a normal adult [NA] group) performed tasks involving drawing along dotted lines and sentence writing using a tablet PC, digital pen, and software that could measure pen pressure, stroke length, and duration. Results: In the task involving drawing along a dotted line, the PD group showed significantly slower writing speed compared with the findings in the NA group. Additionally, in the task involving sentence writing, the PD group showed significantly weaker pen pressure, smaller letter size, and slower writing speed compared with the NA group. Moreover, both groups showed a positive correlation between letter size and writing speed, but only the PD group showed a positive correlation between pen pressure and writing speed. Conclusion: Difficulty in motor control of strength, size, speed, etc. owing to PD is reflected in pen pressure, letter size, and writing speed when performing a writing task. Our results show an importance in measuring multiple factors such as pen pressure and writing speed in the characteristics of writing in PD, which has until now, has been focused only on letter size.

Molecular Characterization of Aminopeptidase N Genes from Spodoptera exigua with Susceptibility to a Bacillus thuringiensis

Na Young Jin,Mi Jin Jeon,You Kyoung Lee,San Na Oh,Mi Ja Seo,Young Nam Youn,Yong Man Yu 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram-positive bacterium that produces parasporal crystal proteins known as endotoxins or Cry proteins. The Cry protoxins are then cleaved by insect midgut proteinases to form active Bt toxins. The activated Cry protein then binds to specific receptors at the midgut epithelium. Cadherin-like and aminopeptidase N (APN) proteins are involved in Bt toxin binding by interacting sequentially with different toxin structures. Aminopeptidase N (APNs) from several insect species have been shown to be putative receptors for these toxins. We have characterized four different midgut APNs(APN1, APN2, APN3, APN4) cDNAs from S. exigua. Forward primers and reverse primers for confirmation of four different midgut APNs were designed based on their sequences cloned from the cDNA libraries. Quantitative RT-PCR procedures includes 42℃ for 20min (cDNA synthesis), 99℃ for 5min, and 35 cycles (94℃ for 1min, and 60℃ for 50 s) for collection. Four aminopeptidase N isoforms were confirmed with qRT-PCR. Sequence analysis was performed by BlastX search the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI) nucleotide. Furthermore, double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs) were synthesized. DsRNAs were determined for bioassay.