Species Diversity, Composition and Stand Structure of Tropical Deciduous Forests in Myanmar

Thaung Naing Oo,Don Koo Lee,Marilyn Combalicer,Yin Yin Kyi 한국임학회 2008 한국산림과학회지 Vol.97 No.2

Antennal UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in the coffee white stemborer, Xylotrechus quadripes

Ning-Na Yin,Yu-Jie Zhao,Jia-Ying Zhu,Nai-Yong Liu 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.4

The antenna of Xylotrechus quadripes is the principle olfactory organ that is subjected to a large number of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The gene families associated with the detoxification of these compounds are essential for the adaptive evolution of insect defensive strategies. However, knowledge on uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) of X. quadripes is unavailable. Here, we characterized 30 UGT genes identified from an antennal transcriptome of X. quadripes. Among them, 16 UGT genes encoding 508–527 amino acids shared the full-length sequences and signal peptides in N-terminus. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that X. quadripes UGTs had a variable N-terminus and a conserved C-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that X. quadripes UGTs were classified into ten sub-families with the largest UGT one of UGT352 (nine genes) and a strict single copy of UGT50 within coleopteran species. Gene structural analysis indicated that coleopteran UGT50s underwent intron gains or losses. Expression profile revealed that all studied X. quadripes UGTs were transcribed in the antennae of both sexes, some of which exhibited sex-biased expression including UGT2, UGT6, UGT20 and UGT27 in females as well as UGT3, UGT11 and UGT12 in males. In addition, most of UGTs were widely expressed in other tissues, indicating their functional diversities in this beetle. Together, these findings provide valuable information for further functional studies of UGTs in X. quadripes, especially their roles in olfaction.

Species Diversity, Composition and Stand Structure of Tropical Deciduous Forests in Myanmar

Oo, Thaung Naing,Lee, Don Koo,Combalicer, Marilyn,Kyi, Yin Yin Korean Society of Forest Science 2008 한국산림과학회지 Vol.97 No.2

The characterization of tree species and forest stand conditions is useful in the planning of activities aimed to conserve biodiversity. The main objective of this study was to describe tree species diversity, species composition and stand structure of tropical deciduous forests distributed in three regions in Myanmar. Forest inventory was conducted in the Oktwin teak bearing forest, the Letpanpin community forest and Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park. According to the Jackknife estimator of species richness, 85 species (${\pm}18.16$), 70 species (${\pm}5.88$) and 186 species (${\pm}17.10$) belonging to 31 families were found in the Oktwin teak bearing forest, 33 families in Letpanpin community forest and 53 families in Alaungdaw Kathapa national park, respectively. Shannon's diversity indices were significantly different among the forests (p<0.05). It ranged from 3.36 to 4.36. Mean tree density (n/ha) of the Oktwin teak bearing forest, Letpanpin community forest and Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park were 488 (${\pm}18.6$), 535 (${\pm}15.6$) and 412 (${\pm}14.1$), while basal areas per hectare were $46.96m^2({\pm}3.23),\;49.01m^2({\pm}5.08)\;and\;60.03m^2({\pm}3.88)$, respectively. At the family level, Verbenaceae, Myrtaceae and Combretaceae occupied the highest importance value index, while at the species level it was Tectona grandis, Lagerstoremia speciosa and Xylia xylocarpa.

Modeling of Arrhythmogenic Automaticity Induced by Stretch in Rat Atrial Myocytes

Youm, Jae-Boum,Leem, Chae-Hun,Zhang, Yin Hua,Kim, Na-Ri,Han, Jin,Earm, Yung-E. The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.5

Since first discovered in chick skeletal muscles, stretch-activated channels (SACs) have been proposed as a probable mechano-transducer of the mechanical stimulus at the cellular level. Channel properties have been studied in both the single-channel and the whole-cell level. There is growing evidence to indicate that major stretch-induced changes in electrical activity are mediated by activation of these channels. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of stretch-induced automaticity by exploiting a recent mathematical model of rat atrial myocytes which had been established to reproduce cellular activities such as the action potential, $Ca^{2+}$ transients, and contractile force. The incorporation of SACs into the mathematical model, based on experimental results, successfully reproduced the repetitive firing of spontaneous action potentials by stretch. The induced automaticity was composed of two phases. The early phase was driven by increased background conductance of voltage-gated $Na^+$ channel, whereas the later phase was driven by the reverse-mode operation of $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchange current secondary to the accumulation of $Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ through SACs. These results of simulation successfully demonstrate how the SACs can induce automaticity in a single atrial myocyte which may act as a focus to initiate and maintain atrial fibrillation in concert with other arrhythmogenic changes in the heart.

Association between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of the Pelvic Floor and de novo Stress Urinary Incontinence after Vaginal Delivery

Na Li,Can Cui,Yue Cheng,Yanhong Wu,Jianzhong Yin,Wen Shen 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.4

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the contributions of levator ani muscle (LAM) injury, vesical neck movement, urethral length and mobility, and urethral sphincter dysfunction observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) towards stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after vaginal delivery. Materials and Methods: Fifty primiparous women after 6 months of delivery (15 with SUI and 35 without) and 35 nulliparous as continent controls underwent MRI at rest and Valsalva maneuver. A published levator ani scoring system was used to characterize morphological changes of LAM. The severity of the injury was divided into three categories as none, minor, and major. A series of common parameters including levator plate angle, iliococcygeal angle, and levator hiatus were used to describe the functional conditions of LAM. Urethral mobility was defined based on the rotation of the urethra between Valsalva and rest status. Vesical neck movement was evaluated by its distance to the pubococcygeal line. Urethral sphincter dysfunction was defined as the widening of the proximal urethra and/or funneling at the urethrovesical junction during Valsalva. Results: Primiparous incontinent (PI) women had additional major levator ani defects (33.3% vs. 17.1%) while less minor defects (0.7% vs. 31.4%) than primiparous continent (PC) women. Vesical neck downward movement in PI women was more obvious than PC women (28.5 mm vs. 24.2 mm, p = 0.006). Urethral mobility was more active in primiparous women than in nulliparous continent controls (57.4 vs. 52.4), whereas no difference was observed on urethral mobility in the primiparous group (p = 0.25). Urethral sphincter dysfunction and funneling were present in 80% of PI women versus 22.9% in PC women (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The MRI findings revealed that de novo SUI was associated with major LAM injury, vesical neck downward movement as well as urethral sphincter dysfunction. Vesical neck funneling on sagittal images can be treated as a valuable predictor for SUI. The intervention for the PI should focus on the elevation of vesical neck, rehabilitation of LAM as well as recovery of the urethral sphincter muscle.

Effects of Copolymerization Temperatures on Structure and Properties of Melt-Spinnable Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymers and Fibers

Na Han,Xing-xiang Zhang,Wan-yong Yu,Xi-yin Gao 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.11

A series of 85/15 AN/MA copolymers (acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymers with feed ratio of 85/15 mol%) were synthesized by aqueous precipitation polymerization at 20, 30, and 40 oC, and the copolymers were used to produce a series of fibers by melt spinning. The copolymers and fibers were characterized by element analysis (EA), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR), capillary rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The average length of the contiguous AN units synthesized at 30 oC had a maximum value of 10.53. Aqueous polymerization at 30 oC resulted the lowest glass transition temperature (Tg) of 87.1 oC, the lowest melting point (Tm) of 154.5 oC,and the highest decomposition temperature (Td) of 325.0 oC. 85/15 AN/MA prepared at 20 and 30 oC exhibited a better fluidity at 210 oC. The ideal reaction temperatures for melt processing of the AN/MA copolymers were found to be 20 and 30 oC.

Triterpenoid saponins from Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze and their biological activity

Yin-Di Zhu,Jing-Yi Hong,Feng-Da Bao,Na Xing,Ling-Tian Wang,Zhong-Hao Sun,Yun Luo,Hai Jiang,Xudong Xu,Nai-Liang Zhu,Hai-Feng Wu,Gui-Bo Sun,Jun-Shan Yang 대한약학회 2018 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.41 No.12

Four new ursane-type triterpenoid saponins, clinopoursaponins A–D (1–4), six new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, clinopodiside VII–XII (5–10), as well as eight known triterpene analogues (11–18), were isolated from the aerial parts of Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze. The structures of the new compounds were determined based on extensive spectral analyses, including 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D NMR experiments (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, 2D TOCSY, HSQC-TOCSY and HMBC), HR-ESI-MS and chemical methods. Compounds 1–18 were evaluated for their protective effects against anoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and cytotoxicities against murine mammary carcinoma cell line 4T1. Compounds 8, 9 and 18 exhibited significant protective effects, while compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity with IC50 value of 7.4 μm compared to 7.6 μm for the positive control 10-hydroxycamptothecin.

Molecular classification of hepatocellular adenoma: A single-center experience

Xue-Yin Shen,Xu-Guang Hu,Young-Bae Kim,Mi-Na Kim,Sung-Yeon Hong,Bong-Wan Kim,Hee-Jung Wang 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.2

Backgrounds/Aims: Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign tumor that has a risk of malignant transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and bleeding. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of HCA by performing molecular classification. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from nine patients who were diagnosed with HCA from 1995 to 2016. The patients underwent liver surgery due to the existence of clinical symptoms. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to classify the subgroups of HCA. Results: Four patients with both β-catenin and inflammation were classified as β-IHCA. Two patients were defined as β-HCA. Two patients were classified as HHCA. Only one patient was defined as IHCA. None of the patients had unclassified HCA. Seven of nine patients had a malignant transformation. By comparing the characteristics of HCA between two groups, we found the mean tumor size in the malignant transformation group was greater than the non-malignant transformation group. Conclusions: Taken together, the mean tumor size and activation of catenin β1 mutation status might be the risk factors for the malignant transformation of HCA into HCC. Moreover, IHCA without the catenin β1 mutation could also have a possibility of malignant transformation into HCC.

Critical role of CAV1/caveolin-1 in cell stress responses in human breast cancer cells via modulation of lysosomal function and autophagy

Shi, Yin,Tan, Shi-Hao,Ng, Shukie,Zhou, Jing,Yang, Na-Di,Koo, Gi-Bang,McMahon, Kerrie-Ann,Parton, Robert G,Hill, Michelle M,del Pozo, Miguel A,Kim, You-Sun,Shen, Han-Ming LANDES BIOSCIENCE 2015 AUTOPHAGY Vol.11 No.5

COVID-19 위협이 즉각보상 추구 행동에 미치는 신경심리학 연구

윤미령(Yin, Mei Ling),최한나(Choi, Han Na),이은주(Lee, Eun-Ju) 한국마케팅학회 2021 마케팅연구 Vol.36 No.3

COVID-19는 인간의 육안으로 확인 불가능한 바이러스로서, 2019년에 발병된 이래로 지금까지 전 세계 인구에게 수많은 생명과 질병의 위협을 초래하고 있다. 발병 이전을 기준으로 현재와 비교했을 때, 한 치 앞을 모르는 현재 시점에서 불안정한 생활에 편습해진 현대인들은 COVID-19와 더불어 경제가 봉쇄된 상황임에도 불구하고 현재 지향적 성향을 띄는 소비 형태를 보이고 있다. 특히 델타 변이바이러스의 확산으로 인해 럭셔리 소비의 수요와 비계획적 소비율이 동시에 급등하게 되어, 정체되지 않은 활발한 소비현상을 관측하는 것이 가능하지만, 한편으로 불안정한 경제 상황 속에서 인플레이션(물가상승)을 넘어서 스태그플레이션(저성장속 물가상승)의 현실화 가능성이 높아진 것을 경제전문가는 불가피한 문제점으로 표명하고 있다. COVID-19의 커져가는 위험성을 줄이고 피해 확산이 되는 것을 막기 위해 사회적 거리두기를 시행하며 일상적인 삶을 억압받는 현 상황에서, 본 연구는 죽음을 초래하는 바이러스인 COVID-19가 예기치 못한 소비 활동을 유도하는 현재의 소비 현상의 의의를 밝히는 것에 목적을 둔다. 뇌파 측정의 한 방법인 사건유발 전위기법(Event-Related Potential: ERP)을 사용하여 COVID-19의 위협이 피험자 전두엽에 발생시키는 초기음전위 피크(Early Frontal Negativity: EFN)를 관측하였으며, 추후 주어진 소비 결정 상황에서, COVID-19의 위협에 노출된 소비자들이 통제 조건의 소비자들에 비해 즉각적인 보상의 선택을 하는 경향이 유의하게 높아지는 것을 발견하였다. 결과적으로, 즉각적인 보상을 선호하는 행동은 COVID-19에서 비롯된 위협이 원인으로 작용하여 보상의 지연과 관련된 전두엽의 조절 활동에 부정적인 심리 영향을 끼친 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 또한 소비자의 미래자아와의 연결성이라는 성격특성이 위협에 해당하는 COVID-19에 영향을 받아, 즉각 소비 효과를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 보상에 대한 지연은 미래의 자아를 위한 투자로 인식되기 때문에 미래 자아가 위협을 받을 경우 즉각적인 보상 선택 행동이 증가하게 되는 점을 착안하여, 본 연구는 현재 시장에서 관측되는 보복소비의 신경심리학적 기제를 밝힌 것으로 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 즉, 질병과 사망의 위협을 감지한 전두엽에서 자원의 소비 시점을 미래에서 현재로 앞당겨, 생명을 보존하고자 하는 생존과 적응(natural selection and adaptation)본능을 소비 맥락에서의 소비자 행동 표출과 함께 신경심리학적 방법으로 연구 결과를 해석하고 있다. Covid 19 is a virus that cannot be seen with naked human eyes, but it has posed life-threatening impacts on the global population since its outbreak in 2019. In spite of the Covid 19 and the economy lockdown, retaliatory luxury consumption is simultaneously rising. Using event-related potential methodology, we observe early negative potential peaks that the threat of Covid 19 can cause in the consumers’ frontal brain, which is a negative peak that occurs at around 200-400 ms after the onset of stimulus called early frontal negativity (EFN). Behavioral results show that consumers who are exposed to the threat of Covid 19 are significantly more likely to choose immediate rewards instead of delaying rewards for greater future benefits, compared to those consumers who were not exposed to the Covid 19 threat. This immediate reward seeking behavior can reflect the fact that the frontal brain’s executive regulation activity is modulated with the threat of virus as evidenced by the early frontal negativity brain waves. In addition, we found that perceived connectedness with their future-selves moderated this effect of Covid 19 threat on immediate reward-seeking behavior. The delay in compensation is an investment for one’s future self, hence, delaying rewards for the future is unnecessary where the future-self may not exist due to the heightened threat. This study can explain the neuropsychological mechanism of retaliatory consumption that is currently observable in global marketplace. The principle of survival instincts of evolutionary psychology appears to be in operation via the mechanism of advancing the realization of rewards from unforeseeable future to the present time.