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Simulation of the hybrid and steady state advanced operating modes in ITER
Kessel, C.E.,Giruzzi, G.,Sips, A.C.C.,Budny, R.V.,Artaud, J.F.,Basiuk, V.,Imbeaux, F.,Joffrin, E.,Schneider, M.,Murakami, M.,Luce, T.,St John, Holger,Oikawa, T.,Hayashi, N.,Takizuka, T.,Ozeki, T.,Na, International Atomic Energy Agency 2007 Nuclear fusion Vol.47 No.9
<P>Integrated simulations are performed to establish a physics basis, in conjunction with present tokamak experiments, for the operating modes in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Simulations of the hybrid mode are done using both fixed and free-boundary 1.5D transport evolution codes including CRONOS, ONETWO, TSC/TRANSP, TOPICS and ASTRA. The hybrid operating mode is simulated using the GLF23 and CDBM05 energy transport models. The injected powers are limited to the negative ion neutral beam, ion cyclotron and electron cyclotron heating systems. Several plasma parameters and source parameters are specified for the hybrid cases to provide a comparison of 1.5D core transport modelling assumptions, source physics modelling assumptions, as well as numerous peripheral physics modelling. Initial results indicate that very strict guidelines will need to be imposed on the application of GLF23, for example, to make useful comparisons. Some of the variations among the simulations are due to source models which vary widely among the codes used. In addition, there are a number of peripheral physics models that should be examined, some of which include fusion power production, bootstrap current, treatment of fast particles and treatment of impurities. The hybrid simulations project to fusion gains of 5.6–8.3, β<SUB>N</SUB> values of 2.1–2.6 and fusion powers ranging from 350 to 500 MW, under the assumptions outlined in section 3. Simulations of the steady state operating mode are done with the same 1.5D transport evolution codes cited above, except the ASTRA code. In these cases the energy transport model is more difficult to prescribe, so that energy confinement models will range from theory based to empirically based. The injected powers include the same sources as used for the hybrid with the possible addition of lower hybrid. The simulations of the steady state mode project to fusion gains of 3.5–7, β<SUB>N</SUB> values of 2.3–3.0 and fusion powers of 290 to 415 MW, under the assumptions described in section 4. These simulations will be presented and compared with particular focus on the resulting temperature profiles, source profiles and peripheral physics profiles. The steady state simulations are at an early stage and are focused on developing a range of safety factor profiles with 100% non-inductive current.</P>
Uruguay - Brazil Inland Waterway Transportation System Defining the Right Vessel
Gastó,n L. Petrocelli,Yuji Hayashi,Koji Murai,Masayoshi Kubo 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1 No.-
Within the frame of the MERCOSUR (South Common Market), one of the most important goals to achieve by its member states is a better cost effective international cargo transportation system. For this purpose the project of developing a commercial waterway linking the east region of Uruguay with the south of Brazil has been under study for a number of years now. Because of the high costs involved on the development of such waterway, the project has been indefinitely delayed. It is our intention to show an alternative way to reduce the present obstacles by using a budget oriented approach in order to determine the vessel best suited to use on the proposed waterway. So far, every study related to the project has been focused on the amount of work needed to modify the environment in order to accommodate the hardware already available in the region. The conclusions show that the cost of opening and maintaining the required navigation channel is high enough to discourage investment; the added responsibility to take care of any environmental damage incurred during the building and/or operation of the waterway makes searching for a less costly and hazardous option an interesting challenge. The proposed terminal on the Cebollatí River would be located at the heart of the Uruguayan rice growing region. Uruguay exports 90% of its rice production, being Brazil its biggest buyer. Wood chips and clinker are the other types of cargo considered to use the proposed waterway in route to either Brazil or to overseas destinations through the deep water port of Rio Grande. Through the analysis of local data by a Geographical Information System, international regulations regarding inland waterways and shallow draught vessel characteristics, we seek to propose a cost efficient alternative to apply on this particular scenario.
HIGH TEMPERATURE STRENGTH OF HYDROGEN ANNEALED SILICON WAFER
Matsushita, J.,Xin, P.,Hayashi, K.,Fujii, O.,Kawamura, N.,Kawakami, T.,Numano, M.,Kubota, H.,Matsushita, Y. 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.1
High temperature strength of hydrogen annealed silicaon wafer was investiaged. Wafers were 150mm in diameter, Czochralski-grown(100) silicon crystal. Silicon wafers were annealed at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in a hydrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of $10^{\circ}C/min$ and $20^{\circ}C/min$ in an hot-wall furnace. Oxygen precipitate density in slow heating rate sample and rapid heating rate sample were $2{\times}10^{9}/cm^3$ and $3{\times}10^{7}/cm^3$, respectively. Decreasing the heating rate increases the oxygen precipitate density. The strength was measured by the three-point bending test at $1000^{\circ}C$ using strip-shpaped samples cult from silicon wafer. The maximum resolved shear stress($T_{max}$) at the specimen surface converted from the maximum load was dependent on strain rate and oxygen precipitate density constained in the silicon wafer. The $T_{max}$, 20.5 MPa for as-received samples, was reduced to 17.9MPa in slow heating rate sample. On the other hand, the $T_{max}$ was almost the same as 20.3 MPa in rapid heating rate sample under a strain rate of $6.9{\times}10^{-6}/s$ at $1000^{\circ}C$.
Fabrication of 8Cr-2W ferritic steel tile for reduction in toroidal magnetic field ripple on JT-60U
yusuke Kudo,K. Masaki,M. Honda,N. Miya,R. Takahashi,S. Jitsukawa,S. Sakurai,T. Sawai,T. Sasajima,T. Hayashi,Y. Suzuki 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
The objectives are to fabricate the ferritic steel for the reduction in the toroidal magnetic field ripple on JT-60U. The ferritic steel (8Cr-2W-0.2V) is selected by saturated magnetization and fabrication processes with more than 20 tons melting are reported. Although the magnetic properties of the plates fabricated are clarified, the little variation is observed but the saturated magnetization is lower than expected. Additional material conditions are clarified to improve the saturated magnetization without degradation of mechanical properties but it is decided not to adapt this process on grounds of cost-effectivenessP
Nagao, K.,Takahara, Y.,Asai, H.,Hayashi, N.,Kitayama, T.,Yoshimura, Y.,Yokota, H.,Kita, Kazumi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.8
The effect of dietary fatty acid supplementation on milk production, milk composition and plasma constituents in dairy cows was examined. Dietary fatty acids including mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid were given to cows from 2 weeks before and 8 weeks after parturition. Weekly gain of daily milk production was increased gradually during early lactation period and reached a plateau at 4 weeks after parturition. Weekly gain of daily milk production in lactating cows received dietary fatty acids was significantly higher than that of cows given a control diet alone. Although milk lactose concentration was slightly decreased by dietary fatty acid supplementation, milk fat and protein were not significantly influenced by dietary fatty acid supplementation. Dietary fatty acids did not affect plasma concentrations of triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose during postpartum. It is suggested that dietary fatty acid supplementation has the potency to enhance energy balance and improve milk yield without any adverse effects on milk composition.