고분자 전해질 감습막의 합성과 전기적 성질

공명선,조준상,이학민,김경호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1991 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.2 No.1

고분자 습도센서의 감습재료로 이용하고자 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) 과 methylmethacrylate(MMA) 의 공중함체를 전극에 도포한 후 α, ω-dihaloalkane으로 4 차 암모늄화시킨 후 습도변화에 따른 전기저항을 측정한 결과 소수성 모노머인 MMA의 양이증가할 수록 전기저항이 증가하였으며, 또한 α, ω-dihaloalkane에 의한 4차 암모늄화 반응시간에 따라서도 전기저항의 크기 및 감습막의 안정성에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. In order to for a humidity sensitive material of polymeric humidity sensor, a copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and methylmethacrylate (IBA) is coated on the electrode and then 4 quartermization by α, ω-dihaloalkane, and thereafter measured the electrical resistance due to humidity variation. As a result, the more content of MMA which is a hydrophobic monomer is increased, the more property of electrical resistance is increased. Also, according to the reaction time in 4 quarternization by α, ω-dihaloalkane we can see the diferences of the magnitude of electrical resistance and the stability of humidity -sensitive membrane.

열처리 방법에 따른 접합특성에 관한 연구

한명석,이병학,홍신남 한국항공대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

0.2㎛ 이하의 shallow pㆍ-ⁿ 접합을 형성하기 위하여 주입 에너지가 45KeV 인 As이온과 Ge이온으로 섬비정질화하였고, dopant로는 BF₂ 이논을 24keV로 주입하였으며 dose는 2×10?cm?이다. 열처리 조건은 FA 850℃/min, RTA 1000℃/10sec, RTA 1000℃/10sec와 FA 850℃/min, FA 850℃/40min와 RTA 1000℃/10sec이었다. 또한 RTA의 온도 변화를 주어 FA와의 혼합 열처리를 시뮬레이션한 결과로 RTA의 온도가 FA보다 높은경우에 FA+RTA가 RTA+RA보다 접합깊이가 면저항에서 유리한 특성을 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 실험결과에서도 시뮬레이션 결과와 동일하게 선비정질화를 이용한 shallow접합의 형성시 Ge으로 선비정질화한 후 FA+RTA의 열처리가 RTA+FA보다 이온 주입후의 결정결함의 제거에 의해 접합깊이와 면저항의 특성이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. To form sub 0.2㎛ ?? junctions, As and Ge ions of 45keV implatation energy were used for preamorphization and BF₂ was used as dopant ion with 25keV implantation energy and the dose of ??. annealing was carried out in the manner of FA 850℃/40min, RTA 1000℃/10sec plus FA 850℃/40min and FA 850℃40min plus RTA 1000℃/sec. Also simulation was performed when the samples were annealed with FA plus the various temperatures of RTA. In respect of junction depth and sheet resistance, FA+RTA was better than RTA+FA, when the temperature of RTA was larger than FA. Tp Form shallow ?? junction, FA+RTA annealing method with GE ion preamorphization showed better junction characteristics than RTA+FA fir junction depth and sheet resiatance via point-defect removal.

Study on the Reproductive Function in Transgenic Pig Harboring Human Erythropoietin (hEPO) Gene

Lee, Hyun-Gi,Lee, Hwi-Cheul,Chung, Hak-Jae,Hwang, In-Sul,Choi, Myoung-Seob,Byun, Sung-June,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Kim, Min-Ji,Woo, Jae-Seok,Chang, Won-Kyong,Lee, Poong-Yeon,Lee, Hoon-Taek,Park, Jin-Ki The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2008 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.32 No.2

Our previous study showed that transgenic (TG) pigs harboring human EPO (hEPO) gene have been shown to have reproductive disorders, including low pregnancy rates, irregular estrus cycle and low little size. To investigate these reasons, we assessed estrus behavior (standing response) and plasma $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$) level, which partly reflect reproductive function, during the estrus cycles after synchronization and superovulation by hormone treatments. Then, we analysed blood composition and expression of hEPO gene in TG pigs. Pigs were injected with PG600. After 10 days, pigs were fed with Regumate porcine for 6 days. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein. Analysis of blood composition and $E_2$ level were measured by Hemavet 950 and $E_2$ ELISA kit, respectively. And, the expression of hEPO gene in reproductive organs was quantitated by real-time RT-PCR. The percentage of estrus behavior in TG was significantly decreased. Hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) number were significantly higher in TG than wild type (WT). On the other hand, high expression of hEPO gene in TG was observed in the mammary gland as well as in the uterus. Moreover, plasma $E_2$ level was significantly higher in TG than WT. These results suggest that nonspecific expression of hEPO gene in the other organs of TG may affect blood composition and plasma $E_2$ level, thereby causing reproductive disorders.

Cutaneous adverse reaction to anti-programmed death (PD)-1 immunotherapeutic agents

( Myoung Eun Choi ),( Ye Jin Lee ),( Hak Tae Kim ),( Chong Hyun Won ),( Sung Eun Chang ),( Mi Woo Lee ),( Jee Ho Choi ),( Woo Jin Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Anti-programmed death (PD)-1 therapy, such as nivolumab or pembrolizumab, has been promising immunotherapy for various type of cancer. Objectives: We reviewed frequency and spectrum of cutaneous adverse events (AEs) caused by these drugs and their possible correlation with treatment response. Methods: A single-institution, retrospective medical record review was conducted of patients with cancer who treated with either nivolumab or pembrolizumab from August 1, 2014 to April 1, 2017. Results: Of 247 patients included in the study, 162 patients were on nivolumab (65.6%) and 85 were on pembrolizumab (34.4%). One hundred-fourteen patients (46.2%) were treated for lung cancer, followed by 27 patients (10.9%) for hepatocellular carcinoma and 24 patients (9.7%) for melanoma. Of 247 patients, 47 patients (19.0%) developed cutaneous AEs. The median days before the cutaneous AEs were 86.11 days (range, 0-506 days). Prevalences of cutaneous AEs between nivolumab (19.8%) and pembrolizumab (17.6%) were not significantly differed. Pruritus (33.3%) and maculopapular rash (14.3%) were the most frequently reported. Of 114 patients who treated for lung cancer, cutaneous AEs were associated with a higher number of treatment cycle, and longer progression free survival (p=0.028). Conclusion: Anti-PD-1 therapy is associated with various cutaneous AEs which were not differed between the type of the drugs. The development of cutaneus AEs, could point toward better treatment response.

Seroepidemiology of HBV Infection in South Korea , 1995 through 1999

(Myoung Kuk Jang),(Ja Young Lee),(Jin Heon Lee),(Yong Bum Kim),(Hak Yang Kim),(Myung Seok Lee),(Choong Kee Park),(Jae Young Yoo) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.3

N/A Background: We analyzed serologic data that were obtained from the Korea Association of Health from 1995 to 1999 to estimate the reliable prevalence of HBV in South Korea. Methods: 603, 375, 639, 465, 621, 476, 612, 705 and 650, 398 serum samples were annually tested for HBsAg. Of HBsAg positive persons whose serum samples were available, HBeAg positivity was checked. Results: HBsAg positivities among subjects between 6 and 19 years old were 8.2 %, 3.9 %, 2.1%, 2.6 % and 1.3 %. HBsAg positivities among subjects above 20 years old were 8.9 %, 6.4 %, 5.9 %, 5.4 % and 5.4 %. The positive rates of HBeAg were 39.8 to 62.9 % among subjects between 6 and 19 years old, and 18.3 to 37.9 % among persons above 20 years old, in each year. In both subgroups, HBsAg positivity in the latter year was significantly lower than that in the former year (p<0.001). It also showed that HBsAg positivities among subjects between 6 and 19 years old have been significantly lower than those among subjects above 20 years old, but those of HBeAg the exact reverse of HBsAg since 1996. Conclusions: It was observed that prevalence of HBV infection in the late 1990s, especially in the group between 6 and 19 years old, was conspicuously lower than that in the past. The nationwide vaccination programme might be one of the most important contributors to this tendency in Korea.

일제시기 조선재정통계서의 발행체계와 구성 변화

이명학(Lee, Myoung-Hak) 한국사연구회 2016 한국사연구 Vol.- No.173

일제시기 철거반대운동의 추이와 조직화 양상

이명학(Lee, Myoung-Hak) 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2021 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.- No.74

불량주택 주민이 일으켰던 철거반대운동은 사회·경제적으로 소외된 가난한 조선인이 무대책적인 철거에 이의를 제기하고 최소한의 생존(주거)권을 요구하며, 인간다운 삶의 가치를 개발보다 중시한 대표적인 집합행동이었다. 1922년부터 1941년까지 조선에서는 40,547명이 참여한 93건의 저항이 발생했다. 지역적으로는 불량주택이 밀집한 대도시에 운동이 집중되었다. 그 중에서도 경성의 비중이 압도적이었다. 시기적으로는 확대된 반발이 차츰 소강상태로 접어드는 흐름이 나타났다. 특히 1930년부터 1937년까지 운동이 집중적으로 전개되었는데, 이는 자가를 장만하려는 수요의 증대, 체계적인 하천의 개발·관리, 주민의 생활권을 무시한 빈민주거대책의 시행에 기인한 것이었다. 한편 불량주택 주민의 조직화는 자주적 방식이 주를 이루었다. 사회단체가 철거문제에 직접적으로 개입하는 방식은 3건에 불과했다. 나머지 90건은 고립무원의 세계에서 의식과 물질적인 측면을 공유하는 ‘소수자’들이 지닌 강고한 유대감과 연대의식에 기초하여 공동 운명체로 나아갔다. 이때 수평적 의사결정기구의 발족과 공론의 창출은 단결력을 배가시키는 역할을 수행했다. The anti-demolition movement raised by residents of deteriorated houses was a representative collective action of poor Joseon people alienated socially and economically to raise objections against ruthless demolition with no countermeasures, demand for the minimum right to live(housing right), and place greater importance on the value of human life than development. There were 93 cases of resistance with the participation of 40,547 people in Joseon between 1922 and 1941, and these movements were concentrated in big cities with a density of deteriorated houses. Of the big cities, Gyeongseong recorded an overwhelming percentage. Over time, their resistance rode a flow of coming to a gradual lull after expansion. These movements developed with intensity especially between 1930 and 1937, which was attributed to growing people’s demand for their own houses, systematic river development and management, and the implementation of poor housing measures that ignored residents’ zone of life. The residents of deteriorated houses were usually organized in an independent manner. There were only three cases in which a social group made a direct intervention in demolition issues. In the other 90 cases, the “minority,” who shared conscious and material aspects in a world of isolation, moved forward as a community bound together by a common destiny based on their solid fellowship and solidarity. In these cases, their power of unity was multiplied by their establishment of a horizontal decision-making instrument and creation of public opinions.

총동원체제기(1937-1945년) 조선총독부의 주택임대가격 통제정책 시행과 운영

이명학 ( Myoung Hak Lee ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 民族文化硏究 Vol.70 No.-

이 글은 조선총독부가 실시한 물가정책 가운데 생활필수품이자 가격요소였던 주택임대가격 통제정책의 운영과 성격을 살펴보았다. 조선총독부 임대가격정책은 세 단계로 추진되었다. 첫 번째는 행정적으로 억제하는 단계이다. 1939년 6월 조선총독부는 임대가격 억제와 관련된 행정명령을 시행했다. 기존 임대가격은 1938년 12월 31일로 고정되고 새로운 임대가격은 주변 시세를 초과할 수 없다는 것이 핵심이었다. 두 번째는 임대가격을 제도적으로 고정하고 변동 허가제를 실시하는 단계이다. 1939년 10월 「지대가임통제령」의 시행을 계기로 조선총독부는 모든 임대가격의 상한선을 명확히 설정하고 도지사에게 임대가격의 증액 허가권과 감액 명령권을 부여했다. 자문기관인 지대가임심사회도 설치했다. 그러나 지대가임심사회 심의는 자의적으로 이루어졌다. 「지대가임통제령」에 명문화된 가능성은 행정기관의 판단에 따라서 언제든지 ``사문화``될 수 있었다. 세 번째는 적정 임대가격을 설정하고 행정기관의 가격조정권을 강화하는 단계이다. 1941년 7월 시행된 「개정지대가임통제령」을 통해서 조선총독부는 적정 임대가격을 산출하고 새롭게 설정된 임대가격의 신고를 의무화하며, 지대가임심사회를 폐지했다. 각 도는 적정 임대가격을 ``전가의 보도``처럼 사용하면서 임대가격 증액에는 소극적으로, 감액에는 적극적인 자세를 보였다. This paper examined the enforcemet and management of housing rental prices, a key element in consumer prices, by the Japanese Government-General of Korea. The Japanese Government-General of Korea introduced housing rent prices in three stages. The first stage involved an administrative suppression of prices. In June 1939, the Japanese Government-General of Korea implemented an administrative order to suppress housing rent prices. Existing prices were fixed as of December 31, 1938,while new prices were prohibited from exceeding the market prices of that time. Second, a permissible range of change was introduced to the fixed housing rent prices. With the implementation of the Rent Control Act in October 1938, the Japanese Government-General of Korea clearly specified an upper limit for all housing rent prices and granted governors the right to increase or decrease prices within an acceptable range. An advisory board for housing rent prices was organized, but decisions were made autonomously. Depending on the administrative institute, the provisions of the Rent Control Act could be rendered invalid. Third, housing rent prices were setto an appropriate level and administrative institutes were granted greater authority in price adjustment. Through the Modified Rent Control Act implemented in July 1941, the Japanese Government-General of Korea set appropriate housing rent prices and enforced mandatory reporting while abolishing the advisory board. Each province adhered to the recommended housing rent prices, remaining more passive in price increases and exercising more control over price cuts.

일제시기 토지수용제도의 특징과 적용 추이

이명학(Lee, Myoung Hak) 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2023 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.- No.82

이 글은 일제시기에 운영된 토지수용제도, 그중에서도 전 기간에 걸쳐 광범위하게 적용된 「토지수용령」의 특징과 적용 추이를 분석했다. 공익적 성격의 사업을 수행하는 기업자가 용지를 강제로 확보할 수 있도록 하는 「토지수용령」은 사회간접자본을 구축하는 데에 핵심적인 역할을 수행하는 동시에 지역 사회의 반발을 초래했다. 원인은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 인정 처분은 재고의 대상이 아니었다는 점이다. 둘째, 기업자의 토지 취득이 절대적으로 보장되었다는 사실이다. 셋째, 보상 범위가 축소되었다는 점이다. 넷째, 보상금 산정이 불공정했다는 사실이다. 한편, 「토지수용령」의 운영상을 시기별로 정리하면, 먼저 형성기에는 조선총독부가 주도하는 경성 시구 개수를 위시한 주요 도로의 수축을 지원하는 형태가 주를 이루었다. 다음으로 확장기에는 전국을 무대로 민간이 건설하는 사설철도와 관개 시설을 중심으로 한 생산기반시설의 정비가 주축이었다. 전환기에는 부를 중심으로 한 지방 행정당국의 주도성이 두드러졌고 생산기반시설과 함께 생활기반시설의 확충이 다각도로 추진되었다. This study set out to analyze the characteristics and application patterns of “Land Expropriation Ordinance,” which was applied in reality in 1911~1945, among the land expropriation systems that appeared first during the Japanese rule. “Land Expropriation Ordinance,” which allowed businessmen to secure a lot by force for their projects of public interest nature, played an essential role in the establishment of social overhead capital and, at the same time, caused extreme resistance in the community. There were several causes: first, approved disposition was not an object of reconsideration; second, acquisition of land by businessmen was absolutely guaranteed; third, the range for compensation was reduced; and fourth, the calculation of compensation was unfair. The study then arranged the management aspects of “Land Expropriation Ordinance” by the period. During the formative period, the main form was to support the contracts of major roads including the improvement of streets in Gyeongseong under the leadership of Japanese Government-General of Korea. During the expansion period, the central axis was the arrangement of production infrastructure around private railways and irrigation facilities constructed by the private sector around the nation. And during the transition period, the expansion of life infrastructure along with production infrastructure was promoted in various ways, led by local administrative authorities.

일제시기 주거생활개선운동의 추이와 조직화 양상

이명학 ( Lee¸ Myoung-hak ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2020 民族文化硏究 Vol.89 No.-

이 글은 식민지 조선에서 전개된 주거생활개선운동의 추이와 조직화 양상을 살펴보았다. 먼저 추이를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역적으로는 대도시를 중심으로 크고 작은 시가지까지 운동이 확산되었다. 둘째, 시기적으로는 주거문제와 주택정책의 변화에 따라서 증폭된 반발이 점차 체제 내화되었다. 셋째, 유형별로는 부당한 요구에 맞서는 반대운동을 필두로 선전운동과 자조운동이 상호보완적으로 전개되었다. 다음으로 조직화의 원동력은 ‘당사자성’이었다. 사회적 방식은 양적으로 소수였고 한시적이었다. 대부분의 운동은 운명공동체의 구성이라는 자주적 방식을 통해 단일대오로 나아갔다. 이때 수평적 의사결정기구의 발족과 공론의 형성, 그리고 구속적 규약설정이 핵심 역할을 수행했다. 광범위하게 일어난 임차인의 저항은 자본주의의 모순을 드러내고 통치의 유효성에균열을 일으키는 효과를 발휘했다. 사회·경제적 약자가 써 나가는 자기 해방의 과정은 생활의 현장에서도 활발하게 진행되고 있었다. This paper presents an investigation into the progress and organization patterns of the Housing Life Improvement Movement. The study first arranged the progress of the movement: first in terms of geography, the movement spread throughout the nation with a focus on large cities where the housing issues were serious and speculative investment in real estate was overwhelming; second, in terms of time, people’s resistance was gradually internalized within the system, being amplified by changes to the housing issues and policies; and third, in terms of types, the opposition movement took the lead against unjust demand with the propagation and self-help movements developing in mutual supplementation. The study then found that the core driving force in the organization of the movement was ‘identity of concerned parties.’ The social method was a minority in terms of number and also temporary. Most of them moved forward in a single line in an independent approach of forming a community of destiny combining spontaneity and compulsion. Here, the establishment of a horizontal decision-making agency, formation of public opinions, and setting of restrictive rules played their roles like warp and woof. Taking place broadly, the resistance of tenants generated such effects as revealing the contradiction of capitalism and causing a crack in the effectiveness of rule. The process of self-liberation written by subordinate subjects was also happening in the space of consumption.