Dose-linear pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid after intravenous and oral administration in rats

Jeong, Dong Won,Kim, Young Hoon,Kim, Hui Hyun,Ji, Hye Young,Yoo, Sun Dong,Choi, Won Rack,Lee, Soo Min,Han, Chang-Kyun,Lee, Hye Suk WILEY PUBLISHERS 2007 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION Vol.28 No.2

<P>The pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. From Caco-2 cell permeation studies, oleanolic acid was a low permeability compound with no directional effects, suggesting a low in vivo absorption mediated by a passive diffusion. Oleanolic acid was metabolically unstable following incubation with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. After intravenous injection at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg doses, oleanolic acid showed dose-linear pharmacokinetics as evidenced by unaltered CL (28.6–33.0 ml/min/kg), V<SUB>ss</SUB> (437–583 ml/kg), dose-normalized AUC (16.0–17.9 µg min/ml based on 1 mg/kg) and t<SUB>1/2</SUB> (41.9–52.7 min). Following oral administration of oleanolic acid at doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, T<SUB>max</SUB>, t<SUB>1/2</SUB>, dose-normalized C<SUB>max</SUB> (66–74 ng/ml based on 25 mg/kg) and dose-normalized AUC (5.4–5.9 µg min/ml based on 25 mg/kg) were comparable between 25 and 50 mg/kg dose, but the plasma concentrations at 10 mg/kg dose were not measurable as they were below the limit of quantitation (2 ng/ml). The absolute oral bioavailability was 0.7% for oral doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. The extent of urinary excretion was minimal for both i.v. and oral doses. The very low oral bioavailability of oleanolic acid could be due to a poor absorption and extensive metabolic clearance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Feasibility of Calibrating Smartphone to Access Physical Activity

이정민(Jung Min Lee),김영원(Young Won Kim),권이석(Yi Suk Kwon),Timothy R. Derrick,Gregory J. Welk 한국체육측정평가학회 2015 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.17 No.3

대부분의 신체활동측정을 위해 연구들은 가속도계를 이용하여 측정되어져 왔다. 하지만, 스마트폰이 대중화 되면서스마트폰에 내장된 가속도계를 이용하여 신체활동을 측정 할 수 있는 에플리케이션들이 빈도 높게 늘어나고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 스마트폰에 내장되어 있는 가속도계를 이용하여 에너지 소비량을 구하는 공식을 만들고 그 공식을 현재 연구중심으로 많이 사용되는 가속계와 비교하고 교차분석을 통하여 정확성과 실용성을 검증하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 건강한 성인 44명을 편의추출 하여 가속계와 스마트폰을 착용시켜 69분 동안 다양한 일상생활 활동을 시켰으며 신체활동 측정의 준거검사인 간접열량계(Oxycon Mobile)가 사용되었다. 회귀분석을 통하여 만들어진 연산은 교차 타탕도 분석을 통하여 정확도를 검증하였고 검사도구의 정확성은 절대오차율(%)을 계산하고 검사도구간 상관계수 (r), Bland-Altman plot 과 equivalence testing 사용하여 검증하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 스마트폰을 통해 얻어진 절대오차율은 (42.4%)를 보였고 Freedson`s 기준치와 비교했을 때는 (38.2%)를 보였다. 그러나 스마트폰을 통해 만들어진 연산은 걷기 와 달리기의 에너지 소비량은 측정하는데 유의하다는 결과가 나왔다. 추후, 스마트폰만을 이용한 신체활동 측정이 다양하게 필요하고 그 정확성을 검증하는 연구들도 필수적으로 요구된다. The purpose of the study was to develop algorithms to predict energy expenditure (EE) and to evaluate their utility compared to existing accelerometer technology. Forty-four participants wore an Actigraph GT3X (AG3X) and the Samsung Galaxy S2 Smartphone (SP) over a 69 min period. Oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) was simultaneously measured by a portable indirect calorimetry system. EE prediction equations for the SP were developed from the walking and running activities using standard regression methods. The equation was then cross-validated on a separate holdout sample (n=22) using equivalence testing to evaluate accuracy. The overall mean absolute percentage errors were large for both the SP algorithm (42.4%) and the Freedson`s AG3X algorithm (38.2%). However, the estimated METs from the SP was statistically equivalent to the measured METs for the two activities used in calibration: walking (90% CI: 2.85, 3.50 kcal·min-1) and running (90% CI: 7.64, 8.25 kcal·min-1). Other activities were not accurately assessed with the SP but none of the estimates from the AG3X met the statistical criteria for equivalency. The study demonstrates that data from SP can be easily calibrated to estimate EE and that accuracy is comparable to the common research-grade monitors.

A chemically regenerative redox fuel cell using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl redox reaction in acid medium

Han, Sang-Beom,Kwak, Da-Hee,Park, Hyun Suk,Park, Jin-Young,Ma, Kyeng-Bae,Won, Ji-Eun,Kim, Do-Hyoung,Kim, Min-Cheol,Park, Kyung-Won Elsevier 2018 Journal of Power Sources Vol.393 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) with no free radical and non-volatile characteristic can be utilized as a liquid catalyst instead of O<SUB>2</SUB> at the cathode in a chemical regenerative redox fuel cell with H<SUB>2</SUB> as a fuel at the anode. In this study, the electrochemical properties and performance of TEMPO dissolved in sulfuric acid solution are investigated using half and unit cells. In the half-cell, TEMPO shows an activation energy of 1.27 kcal mol<SUP>−1</SUP> K<SUP>−1</SUP> for the reduction. A chemical regenerative redox fuel cell (CRRFC) using TEMPO as the liquid catalyst exhibits an open circuit voltage of 0.7 V and a maximum power density of 90 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 30 °C with a low activation loss. The regeneration cycling test of the CRRFC is performed at a constant voltage of 0.4 V under a flow rate of the oxygen-bubbled TEMPO solution. The performance of the CRRFC deteriorates, i.e., a power density of zero measured at >200 min. Thus, a highly efficient regeneration system needs to be developed for a high-performance CRRFC using TEMPO used as a liquid-type oxidant. Furthermore, stable liquid oxidants with relatively high standard reduction potentials can be proposed through various organic compounds.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CRRFC was proposed using TEMPO instead of O<SUB>2</SUB> at the cathode. </LI> <LI> TEMPO showed fairly fast transport and low activation energy for the reduction. </LI> <LI> CRRFC exhibited an open circuit voltage of ∼0.7 V at 30 °C. </LI> <LI> CRRFC exhibited a maximum power density of ∼90 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 30 °C. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Liquid‐Crystalline Blue Phase Laser with Widely Tunable Wavelength (Adv. Mater. 21/2013)

Hur, Sung‐,Taek,Lee, Bo Ram,Gim, Min‐,Jun,Park, Kyung‐,Won,Song, Myoung Hoon,Choi, Suk‐,Won WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.25 No.21

<P>A liquid‐crystalline blue‐phase laser with a tunable photonic bandgap (PBG) of over 150 nm and a wide temperature range is demonstrated by Myoung Hoon Song and Suk‐Won Choi on p. 3002. A lasing peak shift of more than 100 nm is realized due to the large PBG shift of the liquid‐crystalline blue phase. The shift in the lasing wavelength was reversible during repeated temperature changes over the entire stability range of the liquid‐crystalline cubic blue phase. </P>

뇌성마비 환자의 전신마취 하 치과치료

정준민,서광석,이영은,한희정,한진희,김혜정,신터전,김현정,염광원,장주혜,Chung, Jun-Min,Seo, Kwang-Suk,Yi, Young-Eun,Han, Hee-Jung,Han, Jin-Hee,Kim, Hye-Jung,Shin, Teo-Jeon,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Yum, Kwang-Won,Chang, Ju-He 대한치과마취과학회 2008 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.8 No.1

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is non-progressive disorder of motion and posture. In CP patient, there are difficulties in dental treatment because of uncontrolled movement of limb and head, and conjoined disabilities such as cognitive impairment, sensory loss, seizures, communication and behavioral disturbances. It is reported that CP patients have high incidence in caries and a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. But, despite the need for oro-dental care, these patients often are unlikely to receive adequate treatment without sedation or general anesthesia because of uncontrolled movements of the trunk or head. Methods: We reviewed the 58 cases of 56 patients with CP who underwent outpatient general anesthesia for dental treatment at the clinic for the disabled in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Results: The mean age was 19 (2-54) years. The number of male patient was 40 and that of female was 18. They all had severe spastic cerebral palsy and 22 had sever mental retardation, 15 epilepsy, 8 organic brain disorder, 1 blindness, 2 deafness and cleft palate. For anesthesia induction, 14 cases was needed physical restriction who had sever mental retardation and cooperation difficulty, but 44 cases showed good or moderate cooperation. Drugs used for anesthesia induction were thiopental (37 cases), sevoflurane (14 cases), ketamine (3 cases ) and propofol (4 cases). All patients except one were done nasotracheal intubation for airway management and 4 cases were needed difficult airway management and 1 patient already had tracheostomy tube. Mean total anesthetic time was $174{\pm}56$ min and staying time at PACU was $88{\pm}39$ min. There was no death or long term hospitalization because of severe complications. Conclusion: If general anesthesia is needed, pertinent diagnostic tests and workup about anomaly, and appropriate anesthetic planning are essential for safety.

Effect of spark plasma sintering conditions on the thermoelectric properties of (Bi_0.25Sb_0.75)₂Te₃ alloys

Lim, Sang-Soon,Kim, Ju-Heon,Kwon, Beomjin,Kim, Seong Keun,Park, Hyung-Ho,Lee, Ki-Suk,Baik, Jeong Min,Choi, Won Jun,Kim, Dong-Ik,Hyun, Dow-Bin,Kim, Jin-Sang,Baek, Seung-Hyub Elsevier 2016 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.678 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>As a field-assisted technique, spark plasma sintering (SPS) enables densification of specimens in a very short period of time compared to other sintering techniques. For high performance thermoelectric material synthesis, SPS is widely used to fabricate nanograin-structured thermoelectric materials by rapidly densifying the nanopowders suppressing grain growth. However, the microstructural evolution behavior of thermoelectric materials by SPS, another important process during sintering, has been rarely studied. Here, we explore SPS as a tool to control the microstructure by long-time SPS. Using p-type (Bi<SUB>0.25</SUB>Sb<SUB>0.75</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> thermoelectric materials as a model system, we systematically vary SPS temperature and time to understand the correlations between SPS conditions, microstructural evolution, and the thermoelectric properties. Our results show that the relatively low eutectic temperature (∼420 °C) and the existence of volatile tellurium (Te) are critical factors to determine both microstructure and thermoelectric property. In the liquid-phase sintering regime, rapid evaporation of Te leads to a strong dependence of thermoelectric property on SPS time. On the other hand, in the solid-phase sintering regime, there is a weak dependence on SPS time. The optimum thermoelectric figure-of-merit (Z) of 2.93 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>/K is achieved by SPS at 500 °C for 30 min. Our results will provide an insight on the optimization of SPS conditions for materials containing volatile elements with low eutectic temperature.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is used to synthesize the thermoelectric (Bi<SUB>0.25</SUB>Sb<SUB>0.75</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Liquid phase and volatile element are a key for the microstructure and thermoelectric property. </LI> <LI> Thermoelectric figure-of-merit of 2.9 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>/K is achieved at 500 °C for 30 min. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of 840 nm light-emitting diode(LED) Irradiation on Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats

( Hyun-ji Lee ),( Ha-nul Soe ),( Woo-bin Soel ),( Kyung-sun Soe ),( Jong-won Ju ),( Hae-sung Lee ),( Ung-bae Park ),( Min-suk Yu ),( Ji-hyun Lee ) 대한임상병리사협회 2013 조직세포검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.2013 No.-

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate whether 840 nm light-emitting diode (LED) could be effective in a noninvasive, therapeutic device for the treatment of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Method Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200 g each were divided into four groups: control group (C); monosodium iodoacetate-treated(MIA) group; monosodium iodoacetate-treated(MIA) group with LED phototherapy(MIA-LED); indomethacin-treated group(IMT). Osteoarthritis(OA) was induced by intra-articular injection of 50 μl of 3 mg MIA through the patellar ligament of the right knee. Control rats were injected with an equivalent volume of saline. In the MIA-LED group, the animal knees were exposed to LED stimulation at intervals of 15 min/day, for 1 weeks after MIA treatment. Animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks postoperatively. Knee joints were removed and fixed overnight in 10% neutral buffered formalin and subsequently decalcified by EDTA for 2 wk before being embedded in paraffin. Frontal sections (4 μm thick) of the medial aspect of the rat knee joints were prepared every 250 μm. The OA clinical score was monitored by knee movement and by radiographic analyses. Histologic analyses were performed following staining with hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O-fast green, or toluidine blue, and histologic changes were scored according to a modified Mankin system. Results Radiographic examination showed no differences between the MIA-treated and the MIA-LED-treated rats. Sclerotic regions adjacent to the tibioepiphyseal margin, thinning of the epiphysis, and a small exophite were evident in the MIA-treated and the MIA-LED-treated rats, whereas tibioepiphyseal margin was well preserved in the IMT-treated rats compared with the two groups. Histologically, the lesion severity of knee joint by Mankin``s scoring showed not a significant difference between the MIA-treated and the MIA-LED-treated rats, however the lesion score was significantly decreased in the IMT rats compared with the two groups. Discussion The irradiation of LED at 840 nm after monosodium idoacetate treatment was no significant difference between the respective arthritis parameters in LED-treated group compared with indomethacin-treated group. However, the total Mankin score was significantly decreased in MIA-LED-treated group compared with monosodium iodoacetate-treated group. These results indicate that LED phototherapy was some beneficial influence on the repair of chondral lesion in osteoarthritis rats.

오공약침의 안전성에 대한 임상적 연구

소기숙,최회강,박소영,고강훈,김성남,이옥자,윤민영,문형철,김성철,이정훈,나원경,So, Ki-suk,Choi, Hoi-kang,Park, So-young,Koh, Kang-hun,Kim, Sung-nam,Lee, Ok-ja,Yun, Min-young,Mun, Hyung-chul,Kim, Sung-chul,Lee, Jung-hun,Na, Won-kyung 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objective: Recently scolopendrid aquacupuncture has been a good effect on pain control but it has not been known about clinical safety. So, In order to prove the clinical safety of scolopendrid aquacupuncture, We have observed the physical reac-tion and clinical pathology test after scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment. Methods: We analyzed physical reaction and clinical pathology test before and after Scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment of 30 patients suffering from pain, who admitted department of Acupunture and Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Won-Kwang University Kwangju hospital. Results & Conclusions: The results were summarized as follows. 1) The distribution of sex was 14 males and 16 females, and the average of patients age was 46.2 years. 2) The distribution of symptom was lumbago, lumbago with radiating pain, nuchal pain and knee joint pain. 3) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, hematologic test did not show remarkable change. 4) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, Liver function test(AST, ALT, ALP) showed a slight decrease on the contrary, and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 1.0%(from 3.3% to 2.3%) compared with previous study. 5) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, Renal function test(BUN, Cr) and abnormal rate(from 2.5% to 2.0%) showed a slight decrease on the contrary. 6) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture. Electrolyte were normal range before & after treatment. 7) In the results of the Urine analysis of 30 patients, Leukocyte, Protein. Glucose, Keton, Bilirubin, U-bilinogen were not detected before and after Scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment, and the rest almost made no difference. 8) In the Physical reactions, all of the patients complained of pain of body partially, only one patient showed reddish and itch, but symptoms like those were entirely disappeared within 24 hours and whole body pain, swelling, headache, dizziness, fatigue and nausea was not observed.

고압멸균 처리시간에 따른 닭 체내 조류인플루엔자와 뉴캐슬병 바이러스의 멸균효과

이진주 ( Jin Ju Lee ),김동혁 ( Dong Hyeok Kim ),임정주 ( Jeong Ju Lim ),김대근 ( Dae Geun Kim ),민원기 ( Won Gi Min ),이후장 ( Hu Jang Lee ),장홍희 ( Hong Hee Chang ),김석 ( Suk Kim ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2011 예방수의학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) distress a variety of avian species, especially domestic poultry. Severe syndromes are caused by highly virulent specific virus strains termed highly pathogenic AI and velogenic ND viruses, which are potential agrobioterrorism agents. This outbreak emphasizes the need for continuing cooperation between public health and veterinary medical communities in controlling AI and ND when it has a zoonotic potential. Up to date, the stamping out and burying system were applied for controlling methods against these highly infectious diseases in the ordinary way, however these methods had many environmental problems, including leachat and effluvium. Thus, we assessed that sterilization effect of AI and ND virus dependent on several treatment conditions, such as autoclaving time and cutting types of chicken. As a result, we found that the cutting type of chicken meat revealed a reduced HA titer (20) against both of AI and ND virus after 10 min of autoclaving, while whole chicken showed same titer after 30 and 60 min. Therefore, we propose that the conditions of treatment on infected chicken should be developed for convenient, affordable, and effective prevention methods against for AI and ND.

The Effect of Bi(OH)3 on Corrosion-Resistant Properties of Automotive Epoxy Primers

( Won Seog Yang ),( Sung Ki Min ),( Woon Suk Hwang ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2008 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.7 No.6