London 2012: changing delivery patterns in response to the impact of the Games on traffic flows

Michael Browne,Julian Allen,Ian Wainwright,Andrew Palmer,Ian Williams 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2014 도시과학국제저널 Vol.18 No.2

The paper addresses road freight transport operations during the London Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012. It presents work carried out prior to the Games to understand pre-Games patterns of freight deliveries in London (for both light and heavy goods vehicles) and the results of modelling work carried out to assess the likely impacts of the Games road restrictions on freight operations. The modelling results indicated that increases in total hours travelled carrying out collection and delivery work would range from 1.4% to 11.4% in the six sectors considered. The results suggested increases in hours travelled in excess of 3.5% in four of the six sectors modelled. The possible actions that could be taken by organizations to reduce these negative impacts were also modelled and the results indicated that such actions would help to mitigate the impact of the road restrictions imposed on operators during the Games. The actual impacts of the 2012 Games on transport both in general terms and specifically in terms of freight transport are also discussed, together with the success of the actions taken by Transport for London (TfL) to help the road freight industry. The potential freight transport legacy of the London 2012 Games in terms of achieving more sustainable urban freight transport is considered and the steps being taken by TfL to help ensure that such a legacy can be realized are discussed. Such steps include policy-makers continuing to collaborate closely with the freight industry through the ‘London Freight Forum’, and TfL's efforts to encourage and support companies revising their delivery and collection times to the off-peak; improving freight planning in the design and management of TfL-funded road schemes; electronic provision of traffic information by TfL to the freight industry, and the further development of freight journey planning tools.

Down the Rabbit Hole-Considerations for Ingested Foreign Bodies

Brown, Jerry,Kidder, Molly,Fabbrini, Abigail,deVries, Jonathan,Robertson, Jason,Chandler, Nicole,Wilsey, Michael The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.6

We report the case of a seven-year-old boy with an ingested foreign body, which was retained within the appendix for a known duration of ten months, ultimately requiring appendectomy. The ingested foreign body was incidentally discovered by abdominal x-ray at an emergency room visit for constipation. Despite four bowel cleanouts, subsequent x-rays showed persistence of the foreign body in the right lower quadrant. While the patient did not have signs or symptoms of acute appendicitis, laparoscopic appendectomy was performed due to the risk of this foreign body causing appendicitis in the future. A small metallic object was found within the appendix upon removal. This case highlights the unique challenge presented by foreign body ingestions in non-verbal or developmentally challenged children and the importance of further diagnostic workup when concerns arise for potential retained foreign bodies.

Diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Caramoan Island Group, Maqueda Channel, Southern Luzon, Philippines

Michael A. Clores,Joward B. Bautista,Jason B. Fernandez,Michael A. Cuesta,Rafe M. Brown 국립중앙과학관 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.14 No.1

We report for the first time the herpetological biodiversity (amphibians and reptiles) of the Caramoan Island Group (CIG), Maqueda Channel, southern Luzon Island, the Philippines. Herpetofaunal biodiversity assessment, using the standard field-based methodology for survey work, was conducted at nine sites in the CIG, off the northeast coast of the Bicol Peninsula of southern Luzon. The overall species richness (s) in the CIG is 22 (three amphibians, 12 lizards, and seven snakes) represent new island records for a variety of the native species, ten of which are endemic to the Philippines. Beta diversity (β-diversity) of the CIG is 0.84 reflecting a relatively high degree of local area turnover of species when among-site comparisons were quantified; this finding most likely reflects habitat variability which is consistent with our observation emphasizing how a high proportion of faunal diversity is associated with, or confined, to very specific microhabitats (limestone areas, lower-montane forests, mangroves, beach coastal forests, etc.). The overall community similarity index of the archipelago was 0.545 implying that CIG has moderate overlap of amphibian and reptilian species composition. Our findings provide baseline information on the unique composition of herpetofauna in the CIG, which highlights a general paucity of knowledge about the Peninsula’s herpetofaunal diversity.

Phenotypic diversity, major genes and production potential of local chickens and guinea fowl in Tamale, northern Ghana

Brown, Michael Mensah,Alenyorege, Benjamin,Teye, Gabriel Ayum,Roessler, Regina Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10

Objective: Our study provides information on phenotypes of local chickens and guinea fowl and their body measures as well as on major genes in local chickens in northern Ghana. Methods: Qualitative and morphometric traits were recorded on 788 local chickens and 394 guinea fowl in urban households in Tamale, Ghana. Results: The results showed considerable variation of color traits and numerous major genes in local chickens, while color variations and related genotypes in guinea fowl were limited. In local chickens, white was preferred for plumage, whereas dark colors were preferred for beak and shanks. More than half of the chickens carried at least one major gene, but the contributions of single gene carriers were low. All calculated allele frequencies were significantly lower than their expected Mendelian allele frequencies. We observed higher mean body weight and larger linear body measures in male as compared to female chickens. In female chickens, we detected a small effect of major genes on body weight and chest circumference. In addition, we found some association between feather type and plumage color. In guinea fowl, seven distinct plumage colors were observed, of which pearl grey pied and pearl grey were the most prevalent. Male pearl grey pied guinea fowl were inferior to pearl grey and white guinea fowl in terms of body weight, body length and chest circumference; their shank length was lower than that of pearl grey fowl. Conclusion: Considerable variation in qualitative traits of local chickens may be indicative of genetic diversity within local chicken populations, but major genes were rare. In contrast, phenotypic and genetic diversity in local guinea fowl is limited. Broader genetic diversity studies and evaluation of trait preferences of local poultry producers are required for the design of appropriate breeding programs.

The case for adding prosocial education to current education policy: Preparing students for the tests of life, not just a life of tests

Michael W. Corrigan,Ann Higgins-D’ Alessandro,Philip M. Brown 한국교육개발원 2013 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.10 No.-

This article presents the case for prosocial education as: 1) being the right of every student, parent, and teacher; 2) providing a systemic evidence-based process designed to enhance school attachment, promote social development, and increase academic success; and 3) offering a necessary foundation for effective educational policy. We develop the idea of prosocial education in the context of U.S. education and its challenges; however, we also show how it can be a useful framework to organize school improvement efforts in different nations as well as to inform educational policy for any nation. We illustrate how helping educators create positive, stimulating classrooms and schools, and effectively integrate prosocial ideas into daily practices, develops students physically, socially, behaviorally, ethically, emotionally, and intellectually, providing the competencies essential to become citizens committed to contributing to the common good.

Evaluation of the Cost Effectiveness of Routine Histopathologic Femoral Head Analysis in Hip Arthroplasty

Zoe Brown,Michael Perry,Cameron Killen,Daniel Schmitt,Michael Wesolowski,Nicholas M. Brown 대한고관절학회 2022 Hip and Pelvis Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: Histopathologic analysis of femoral head specimens following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a routine practice that represents a significant use of health care resources. However, it occasionally results in discovery of undiagnosed hematopoietic malignancy and other discrepant diagnoses such as avascular necrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of discordant and discrepant diagnoses discovered from routine histopathological evaluation of femoral heads following THA and perform a cost analysis of this practice. Materials and Methods: A review of patients undergoing primary THA between 2004-2017 was conducted. A comparison of the surgeon’s preoperative and postoperative diagnosis, and the histopathologic diagnosis was performed. In cases where the clinical and histopathology differed, a review determined whether this resulted in a change in clinical management. Medicare reimbursement and previously published cost data corrected for inflation were utilized for cost calculations. Results: A review of 2,134 procedures was performed. The pathologic diagnosis matched the postoperative diagnosis in 96.0% of cases. Eighty-three cases (4.0%) had a discrepant diagnosis where treatment was not substantially altered. There was one case of discordant diagnosis where lymphoma was diagnosed and subsequently treated. The cost per discrepant diagnosis was $141,880 and per discordant diagnosis was $1,669 when using 100% Medicare reimbursement and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code combination 88304+88311. Conclusion: Histopathologic analysis of femoral head specimens in THAs showed an association with high costs given the rarity of discordant diagnoses. Routine use of the practice should be at the discretion of individual hospitals with consideration for cost and utility thresholds.

Down the Rabbit Hole-Considerations for Ingested Foreign Bodies

Jerry Brown,Molly Kidder,Abigail Fabbrini,Jonathan deVries,Jason Robertson,Nicole Chandler,Michael Wilsey 대한소아소화기영양학회 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.6

We report the case of a seven-year-old boy with an ingested foreign body, which was retained within the appendix for a known duration of ten months, ultimately requiring appendectomy. The ingested foreign body was incidentally discovered by abdominal x-ray at an emergency room visit for constipation. Despite four bowel cleanouts, subsequent x-rays showed persistence of the foreign body in the right lower quadrant. While the patient did not have signs or symptoms of acute appendicitis, laparoscopic appendectomy was performed due to the risk of this foreign body causing appendicitis in the future. A small metallic object was found within the appendix upon removal. This case highlights the unique challenge presented by foreign body ingestions in non-verbal or developmentally challenged children and the importance of further diagnostic workup when concerns arise for potential retained foreign bodies.

The Underdiagnosed, Understudied Complexity of Pseudoangina: Should Clinicians Take a Neurosurgical Approach in Diagnosing Unexplained Visceral Pain?

Nolan J. Brown,Shane Shahrestani,Elliot H. Choi,Brian V. Lien,Chen Yi Yang,Katelynn Tran,Michael Y. Oh 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1

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Getting Down to the Bare Bones: Does laminoplasty or laminectomy With Fusion Provide Better Outcomes for Patients With Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy?

Nolan J. Brown,Brian V. Lien,Shane Shahrestani,Elliot H. Choi,Katelynn Tran,Sandra Gattas,Seth C. Ransom,Ali R. Tafreshi,Ryan Chase Ransom,Ronald Sahyouni,Alvin Chan,Michael Oh 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1

Objective: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a degenerative disorder leading to progressive decline in spinal cord function. Cervical laminoplasty (CLP) and cervical laminectomy with fusion (CLF) are standard treatments for multilevel CSM. However, it is still unclear whether one procedure over the other provides better outcomes. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of published articles that compare the clinical outcomes and costs between CLP and CLF for CSM. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Strict exclusion criteria were applied, and included articles were then assessed for publication year, study design, and significant differences in outcome variables. Results: From 519 studies identified with search terms, 38 studies were included for the qualitative analysis. Statistically significant differences in the clinical outcomes and costs were found in 18 studies. Eleven studies were prospective or retrospective, and 8 studies were meta-analyses. For the outcome variables of interest, results were reported by classifying into prospective studies, retrospective studies, and meta-analyses. Conclusion: CLP and CLF are 2 of the most commonly performed surgical procedures for the treatment of CSM. Although CLP and CLF each provide satisfactory clinical outcomes for patients with CMS, CLP may result in better cervical range of motion and less cost, length of stay, operation time, blood loss, paraspinal muscular atrophy, and rate of nerve palsies as compared to CLF. The major limitation of CLP versus CLF comparison studies includes the heterogeneity in techniques and preoperative criteria. Thus, further validation and investigations in larger cohorts will be required.

Using Shoreline Video Assessment for Coastal Planning and Restoration in the Context of Climate Change in Kien Giang, Vietnam

Chu Van Cuong,Michael Russell,Sharon Brown,Peter Dart 한국해양과학기술원 2015 Ocean science journal Vol.50 No.2

Kien Giang, bordering Cambodia in the Mekong River Delta, is one of the two most vulnerable provinces in the region to coastal erosion and flooding. Coastal protection can conflict with current land use and economic development activities. The conditions of the mangrove forest and mainland coastline of the Kien Giang province were assessed using the Shoreline Video Assessment Method (SVAM) backed up with information from satellite images. Half of the 206 km Kien Giang coastline has been eroded or is being eroded. Protective mangrove forests naturally occurred in 74% of the coastline but have been under threat from illegal cutting, erosion and coastal retreat. Accurate information on the state of the coastline and mangrove forest health provided invaluable data for developing a new coastal rehabilitation plan to guard against future sea level rise. In contrast to the current boundary management of land and natural resources, this plan divided the provincial coastline into 19 sections based on the landscape condition and exposure to erosion. Priority strategic actions for erosion management, mangrove restoration and sustainable livelihood development for local communities for each section of coast were developed based on an integrated cross sectoral approach and practical experience in the Conservation and Development of the Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve Project.