Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from a Dairy Cattle Shed in Japan

Nobuyuki Tanaka,Kaede Moriyama,Megumi Ohtsu,Akane Miyazaki 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.3

To clarify the nature and characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from dairy cattle within a cattle shed located in Chiba, Japan, air samples were collected and analyzed for the four seasons in 2017-2018. Thirty-four VOCs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In addition, air temperature and relative humidity inside and outside of the shed were monitored during each sampling campaign to estimate the ventilation rate of the shed. The average concentrations of total VOCs (μg m-3) in the shed in each season were 50.5 (spring), 128.4 (summer), 168.8 (autumn), and 199.5 (winter). Ketones were always the most dominant components followed by alcohols and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The sum of ketones, alcohols, and VFAs accounted for more than 80% of the total VOCs in all seasons. Acetone, 3-pentanone, 1-butanol, and acetic acid were the major components regardless of the season, accounting for more than 60% of the total VOCs. The average emission rates of total VOCs from the shed (μg h-1 kg-1) were calculated to be 623 (spring), 1520 (summer), 585 (autumn) and 469 (winter). The emission rates of almost all the VOCs except alcohols increased exponentially with increase of air temperature in the shed. The ranges of the emission rates for each class of chemical (μg h-1 kg-1) were 39-170 (VFAs), 247-913 (ketones), 65-134 (alcohols), 40-122 (phenols), 10-122 (aldehydes), 4.17- 22.3 (sulfur compounds), and 0.0067-0.74 (indoles). Furthermore, the annual emissions of VOCs for a single dairy cattle and for the cattle shed were estimated to be 5.5 kg and 44 kg, respectively.

Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from a Hen Shed in Japan

Nobuyuki Tanaka,Megumi Ohtsu,Akane Miyazaki 한국대기환경학회 2020 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.14 No.3

To clarify the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from hen rearing in Japan, we collected air samples from inside a hen shed for the four seasons in 2019 and analyzed 34 VOCs in the air samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The temperature and humidity inside and outside of the shed were monitored simultaneously during each sampling campaign. The average concentrations of VOCs in the shed ranged from 150 to 427 µg m-3 , the concentrations being higher in summer and lower in winter. Acetone, dimethyl sulfide, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and acetic acid were dominant throughout all the seasons and these five compounds accounted for 70-89% of the total VOCs. The reactivity of each VOC with hydroxyl radical was also calculated and dimethyl sulfide was found to be the most reactive VOC, accounting for 84-94% of the total hydroxyl radical reactivity. The emission rate (ER) for the total VOCs(µg h-1 kg-1 ) was 602 in winter, 7,900 in spring, 46,500 in summer and 37,600 in autumn, respectively. Acetone, dimethyl sulfide, 2-butanone, 3-pentanone and acetic acid had higher ERs throughout all the seasons, and these five components accounted for 70-90% of the ERs for the total VOCs. The ERs of the VOCs increased exponentially in accord with temperature increases inside the shed, indicating that the ERs of the VOCs depended on the ambient temperature. The annual VOC emission from one hen and from the hen shed was calculated to be 405 g y-1 and 121 kg y-1 , respectively.

Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are More Frequent in Female than Male Young Healthy Japanese Volunteers as Evaluated by Questionnaire

( Hiroharu Kawakubo ),( Yuichiro Tanaka ),( Nanae Tsuruoka ),( Megumi Hara ),( Koji Yamamoto ),( Hidenori Hidaka ),( Yasuhisa Sakata ),( Ryo Shimoda ),( Ryuichi Iwakiri ),( Motoyasu Kusano ),( Kazuma 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.2

Background/Aims Upper gastrointestinal symptoms are more frequent and severe in female than in male outpatients in Japan. This study compared the upper gastrointestinal symptoms between healthy male and female young adult volunteers using a questionnaire. Methods In total, 581 third-grade medical students at Saga Medical School aged 22 to 30 years underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and completed a questionnaire (frequency scale for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease) from 2007 to 2013. Of these 581 students, 298 who were negative for Helicobacter pylori infection and had no particular lesions on endoscopic examination were enrolled in the present evaluation. A symptom was defined as positive when the subject evaluated the frequency of the symptom as sometimes, often, or always. Results The subjects comprised of 163 males (average age, 23.7 years) and 135 females (average age, 23.1 years). Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent in the females (75 of 135, 55.6%) than males (69 of 163, 42.3%; P < 0.05), with a high score for 4 symptoms (bloated stomach, heavy feeling in the stomach after meals, subconscious rubbing of the chest with the hand, and feeling of fullness while eating meals). Of the 144 subjects (69 males and 75 females) who complained of these symptoms, the females complained of dysmotility symptoms more often than did the males, but this was not true for reflux symptoms. Conclusions This study suggests that females develop upper gastrointestinal symptoms more frequently than do males among the young healthy Japanese population. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:248-253)

Metal Stent Placement in the Afferent Loop Obstructed by Peritoneal Metastases—Experience of Five Cases

Yoshihide Kanno,Tetsuya Ohira,Yoshihiro Harada,Yoshiki Koike,Taku Yamagata,Megumi Tanaka,Tomohiro Shimada,Kei Ito 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.3

Afferent loop syndrome is often difficult to resolve. Among patients with afferent loop syndrome whose data were extracted fromdatabases, 5 patients in whom metal stent placement was attempted were included and evaluated in this study. The procedure wastechnically successful without any adverse events in all patients. Metal stent(s) was placed with an endoscope in the through-the-scopemanner in 4 patients and via a percutaneous route in 1 patient. Obvious clinical efficacy was observed in all patients. Adverse eventsrelated to the procedure and stent occlusion during the follow-up period were not observed. Metal stent placement for malignantobstruction of the afferent loop was found to be safe and feasible.

Safety and Recipient Satisfaction of Propofol Sedation in Outpatient Endoscopy: A 24-Hour Prospective Investigation Using a Questionnaire Survey

Yoshihide Kanno,Tetsuya Ohira,Yoshihiro Harada,Shinsuke Koshita,Takahisa Ogawa,Hiroaki Kusunose,Yoshiki Koike,Taku Yamagata,Toshitaka Sakai,Kaori Masu,Keisuke Yonamine,Kazuaki Miyamoto,Megumi Tanaka,T 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.3

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of sedation with propofol as an alternative to benzodiazepinedrugs in outpatient endoscopy. Methods: In this prospective study, examinees who underwent outpatient endoscopy under propofol sedation and submitted a nextdayquestionnaire with providing informed consent were evaluated. Periprocedural acute responses, late adverse events within 24hours, and examinee satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Among the 4,122 patients who received propofol in the 17,978 outpatient-based endoscopic examinations performedbetween November 2016 and March 2018, 2,305 eligible examinees (esophagogastroduodenoscopy for 1,340, endoscopicultrasonography for 945, and total colonoscopy for 20) were enrolled, and their responses to a questionnaire were analyzed. Themean propofol dose was 69.6±24.4 mg (range, 20–200 mg). Diazepam, midazolam, and/or pentazocine in combination withpropofol was administered to 146 examinees. Mild oxygen desaturation was observed in 59 examinees (2.6%); and mild bradycardia,in 2 (0.09%). Other severe reactions or late events did not occur. After eliminating 181 invalid responses, 97.7% (2,065/2,124) of thepatients desired propofol sedation in future examinations. Conclusions: Propofol sedation was found to be safe-without severe adverse events or accidents-for outpatient endoscopy on thebasis of the patients’ next-day self-evaluation. Given the high satisfaction level, propofol sedation might be an ideal tool for painlessendoscopic screening.