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Real-space and real-time observation of a plasmon-induced chemical reaction of a single molecule
Kazuma, Emiko,Jung, Jaehoon,Ueba, Hiromu,Trenary, Michael,Kim, Yousoo American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.360 No.6388
<P>Plasmon-induced chemical reactions of molecules adsorbed on metal nanostructures are attracting increased attention for photocatalytic reactions. However, the mechanism remains controversial because of the difficulty of direct observation of the chemical reactions in the plasmonic field, which is strongly localized near the metal surface. We used a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to achieve real-space and real-time observation of a plasmon-induced chemical reaction at the single-molecule level. A single dimethyl disulfide molecule on silver and copper surfaces was dissociated by the optically excited plasmon at the STM junction. The STM study combined with theoretical calculations shows that this plasmon-induced chemical reaction occurred by a direct intramolecular excitation mechanism.</P>
Exploration into the Effects of the Schema-Based Instruction: A Bottom-up Approach
( Kazuma Fujii ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2016 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effective use of the core schema-based instruction (SBI) in a classroom setting. The core schema is a schematic representation of the common underlying meaning of a given lexical item, and was first proposed on the basis of the cognitive linguistic perspectives by the Japanese applied linguists Tanaka, Sato and Abe (2006) as a new teaching approach. The SBI has been expected to contribute to English teaching in a new way that is different from the translation-based instruction (TBI) because the core schemas can lead learners to a more essential and profound understanding. However, the previous empirical research on the SBI has not always shown its effectiveness over the TBI. This paper firstly analyzed its causes with reference to the theoretical features of the core schemas and pointed out two kinds of difficulty for the effective use of the SBI. Then in order to get over the difficulties, it was argued that the SBI should involve a bottom-up language learning process, as insisted in cognitive linguistics as the usage-based model. As the bottom-up process, group work discussion was employed in this study, where learners discuss the core schematic image in a group with its sample sentences which were provided beforehand. This learning style is different from the top-down SBI, where the core schemas are provided prior to sample sentences as almost all the previous empirical studies did. The present study examined the difference in the effects between the bottom-up SBI and the top-down SBI through an experiment conducted to technical college students with the six English prepositions (at, in, on, to, for, with) as material. Based on the results of the former study by the researcher, the present study was designed to add some exercises to the bottom-up SBI group. The results obtained from t-tests and ANOVAs suggested several findings. The findings were that the bottom-up SBI is more effective than the top-down SBI in meaning comprehension and that the effect continues for two months.
Kazuma Kitaguchi,Masafumi Kashii,Kosuke Ebina,Satoru Sasaki,Yasunori Tsukamoto,Hideki Yoshikawa,Tsuyoshi Murase 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.5
Study Design: An open-label, non-randomized prospective study. Purpose: Teriparatide (TPTD) is known to be an antiosteoporotic agent that may accelerate the healing of fractures. This study was designed to investigate the effect of once-weekly TPTD administration on vertebral stability and bony union after acute osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF). Overview of Literature: Once-weekly TPTD administration can lead to early vertebral stability and promote bony union of fractured vertebrae in patients with severe osteoporosis. Methods: Forty-eight subjects with acute OVF were assigned to receive activated vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation or once-weekly subcutaneous injection of TPTD (56.5 µg) in combination with activated vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation for 12 weeks. Vertebral stability was assessed using lateral plain radiography. Vertebral height at the anterior location (VHa) and the difference in VHa {ΔVHa=VHa (supine position)−VHa (weight-bearing position)} were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after starting treatment. Bony union was defined as the absence of a vertebral cleft or abnormal motion (ΔVHa >2 mm). Results: Although not significant, ΔVHa, indicating vertebral stability, tended to be lower in the TPTD group at 12 weeks (p=0.17). As for subjects with severe osteoporosis, ΔVHa at 12 weeks was significantly lower in the TPTD group than in the control group (mean ΔVHa: control group, 3.1 mm (n=15); TPTD group, 1.4 mm (n=16); p=0.02). The rate of bony union was significantly higher in the TPTD group than in the control group (control group, 40%; TPTD group, 81%; p=0.03). Conclusions: Once-weekly TPTD administration may facilitate early bony union after acute OVF accompanied by severe osteoporosis.
Direct Pathway to Molecular Photodissociation on Metal Surfaces Using Visible Light
Kazuma, Emiko,Jung, Jaehoon,Ueba, Hiromu,Trenary, Michael,Kim, Yousoo American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.8
<P>We demonstrate molecular photodissociation on single-crystalline metal substrates, driven by visible-light irradiation. The visible-light-induced photodissociation on metal substrates has long been thought to never occur, either because visible-light energy is much smaller than the optical energy gap between the frontier electronic states of the molecule or because the molecular excited states have short lifetimes due to the strong hybridization between the adsorbate molecular orbitals (MOs) and metal substrate. The S-S bond in dimethyl disulfide adsorbed on both Cu(111) and Ag(111) surfaces was dissociated through direct electronic excitation from the HOMO-derived MO (the nonbonding lone-pair type orbitals on the S atoms (n(s)))to the LUMOderived MO (the antibonding orbital localized on the S-S bond (sigma*(ss))) by irradiation with visible light. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed that visible-light-induced photodissociation becomes possible due to the interfacial electronic structures constructed by the hybridization between molecular orbitals and the metal substrate states. The molecule metal hybridization decreases the gap between the HOMO-and LUMO-derived MOs into the visible-light energy region and forms LUMO-derived MOs that have less overlap with the metal substrate, which results in longer excited-state lifetimes.</P>
Teacher Resilience and the Effectiveness of Physical Education and Sports in Japan
( Kazuma Maeda ) 중앙대학교 학교체육연구소 2021 Asian Journal of Physical Education of Sport Scien Vol.9 No.6
In recent years, the deterioration of mental health among teachers has become a serious problem in Japanese schools. Moreover, such teacher turnover has become a problem in other countries as well. Nonetheless, resilience has recently gained scholarly attention as an effective means of maintaining and improving mental health. Scholars have argued that resilience among teachers is an issue related to the assurance of quality education, which has attracted international attention. Consequently, several studies in Japan have been conducted on teacher resilience. At present, however, methods for measuring teacher resilience are lacking. As such, the field remains unable to confirm the effect of its improvement using accurate data. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors related to the resilience of teachers as the first step toward developing a scale for its measurement. In particular, it investigates resilience among teachers in secondary education. In the future, however, it intends to identify differences in resilience according to the types of schools and subjects. The result produced seven factors related to the resilience of teachers in secondary education, namely, optimism, ambition, social skills, insight, example, self-control, and support readiness. Additionally, based on previous studies, formulating a program that incorporates sports as a strategy for increasing teacher resilience may be effective.
AC/DC Converter Using Modular Matrix Converter for Quick Battery Charger
Kazuma Suzuki,Takaharu Takeshita 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
The authors propose the isolated AC/DC converter using a modular matrix converter as a quick charger. This converter has a high-frequency transformer instead of a commercial-frequency transformer. The volume and weight of the proposed system become much smaller than those of the system using the commercial-frequency transformer. Because the proposed converter can directly charge the battery from the input medium voltage such as 6.6 kV, a pole transformer is not required and the system including the distribution system can be downsized. The operation principle and control method of the proposed converter are explained. The effectiveness of the proposed circuit was verified by using 200 V laboratory prototype.