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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : ( Ryo Shimoda ) (검색결과 2 건)
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( Hiroharu Kawakubo ),( Yuichiro Tanaka ),( Nanae Tsuruoka ),( Megumi Hara ),( Koji Yamamoto ),( Hidenori Hidaka ),( Yasuhisa Sakata ),( Ryo Shimoda ),( Ryuichi Iwakiri ),( Motoyasu Kusano ),( Kazuma 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.2
Background/Aims Upper gastrointestinal symptoms are more frequent and severe in female than in male outpatients in Japan. This study compared the upper gastrointestinal symptoms between healthy male and female young adult volunteers using a questionnaire. Methods In total, 581 third-grade medical students at Saga Medical School aged 22 to 30 years underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and completed a questionnaire (frequency scale for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease) from 2007 to 2013. Of these 581 students, 298 who were negative for Helicobacter pylori infection and had no particular lesions on endoscopic examination were enrolled in the present evaluation. A symptom was defined as positive when the subject evaluated the frequency of the symptom as sometimes, often, or always. Results The subjects comprised of 163 males (average age, 23.7 years) and 135 females (average age, 23.1 years). Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent in the females (75 of 135, 55.6%) than males (69 of 163, 42.3%; P < 0.05), with a high score for 4 symptoms (bloated stomach, heavy feeling in the stomach after meals, subconscious rubbing of the chest with the hand, and feeling of fullness while eating meals). Of the 144 subjects (69 males and 75 females) who complained of these symptoms, the females complained of dysmotility symptoms more often than did the males, but this was not true for reflux symptoms. Conclusions This study suggests that females develop upper gastrointestinal symptoms more frequently than do males among the young healthy Japanese population. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:248-253)
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Katsuda, Satoru,Maeda, Keiichi,Ohira, Yutaka,Yatsu, Yoichi,Mori, Koji,Aoki, Wako,Morihana, Kumiko,Raymond, John C.,Ghavamian, Parviz,Lee, Jae-Joon,Shimoda, Jiro,Yamazaki, Ryo American Astronomical Society 2016 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.819 No.2
<P>We present high-resolution long-slit spectroscopy of a Balmer-dominated shock in the northeastern limb of the Cygnus Loop with the Subaru high dispersion spectrograph. By setting the slit angle along the shock normal, we investigate variations of the flux and profile of the H alpha line from preshock to postshock regions with a spatial resolution of similar to 4 x 10(15) cm. The Ha line profile can be represented by a narrow (28.9 +/- 0.7 km s(-1)) Gaussian in a diffuse region ahead of the shock, i.e., a photoionization precursor, and narrow (33.1 +/- 0.2 km s(-1)) plus broad (130-230 km s(-1)) Gaussians at the shock itself. We find that the width of the narrow component abruptly increases up to 33.1 +/- 0.2 km s(-1), or 38.8 +/- 0.4 km s(-1) if we eliminate projected emission originating from the photoionization precursor, in an unresolved thin layer (less than or similar to 4 x 10(15) cm at a distance of 540 pc) at the shock. We show that the sudden broadening can be best explained by heating via damping of Alfven waves in a thin cosmic-ray (CR) precursor, although other possibilities are not fully ruled out. The thickness of the CR precursor in the Cygnus Loop (a soft gamma-ray emitter) is an order of magnitude thinner than that in Tycho's Knot g (a hard gamma-ray emitter), which may be caused by the different energy distribution of accelerated particles between the two sources. In this context, systematic studies might reveal a positive correlation between the thickness of the CR precursor and the hardness of the CR energy distribution.</P>
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