보험회사와 소비자의 이익 및 리스크를 고려한 동적 최저보증수익, 투자전략, 재보험전략의 최적화에 관한 연구

( Hong Mao ),( James M. Carson ),( Krzystof M. Ostaszewski ) 보험연구원 2016 보험금융연구 Vol.27 No.1

본 논문은 유니버셜 사망보험의 최적 최저보증 수익률과 최적 투자전략 및 재보험전략을 결정하는 방식을 모델링하고 시사점을 제시한다. 이를 위해잉여금이 사전에 제시된 값에 비해 커야 한다는 제약하에 투자위험과 보증수익 달성 위험을 모두 최소화하는 과정을 거쳤다. 저자는 이러한 최적화 문제의 동태적 해를 구하기 위하여 동적 프로그래밍 방법론을 적용하였다. 또한 무위험 이자율, 피보험자의 나이, 재보험 비용 및 사망률의 변화가 최적 해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 분석결과 사망률이 감소하는 경우를 제외하고 피보험자의 나이, 무위험 이자율(무위험 이자율이 높은 경우) 및 사망률의 변화는 최적 최저보증 수익률과 최적 투자 및 재보험 전략에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이러한 변화들은 투자 변동성 및 최저보증수익률의 변동성의 합과 보험회사의 잉여금에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 연구결과 무위험 이자율이 매우 낮은 상황((rf)=0.1%))에서는 최적 및 준최적 최저보증수익률도 매우 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. In this article, we model and discuss determination of optimal minimum guaranteed rate of return, as well as optimal investment and reinsurance strategies of universal life insurance by minimizing both the investment risk and the risk of obtaining guaranteed return, with the constraint of surplus larger than a prescribed constant. We also discuss the application of dynamic programming in finding dynamic solutions to these optimization problems. We analyse the affect of the change of the risk-free interest rate, the age of insured, the cost of reinsurance, and mortality on optimal solutions. Our results indicate that changes in the insured age, in therisk-free interest rate (when risk-free interest rate takes high value), and of mortality will not materially affect the optimal value of minimum guaranteed return rate, investment and reinsurance strategies except for the situation when mortality decreases. However, changing these parameters will affect the sum of the volatilities of investment and minimum guaranteed return rate and the surplus of the insurer. The results also indicate that the optimal and sub-optimal minimum guarantee return rates are very low when risk-free interest rate is very low ((rf)=0.1%).

A κ-Carrageenase from a Newly Isolated Pseudoalteromonas-like Bacterium, WZUC10

Mao-hong Zhou,Jian-she Ma,Jun Li,Hai-ren Ye,Ke-xin Huang,Xiao-wei Zhao 한국생물공학회 2008 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.13 No.5

A bacterial strain able to produce k-carrageenase, designated WZUC10, was isolated from a live specimen of the red alga Plocamium telfairiae collected in the East China Sea. The phylogenetic evidence and phenotypic features indicate that this strain belongs to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. WZUC10 requires NaCl for growth and k-carrageenan to induce k-carrageenase synthesis; galactose and lactose do not induce it. The optimal growth temperature is 23~27°C. The secreted enzyme, which has a molecular mass of 45 kDa, breaks down k-carrageenan into k-neocarratetraose sulfate and larger oli-gosaccharides with a repeating β-D-Galp4S-(1→4)-α-D-AnGalp structure, but cannot degrade k-neocarratetraose sulfate or k-neocarrahexaose sulfate into k-neocarrabiose sulfate. The enzyme retains 90% of its activity after 2 h at 40°C and is com-pletely inactivated after 7.5 min at 70°C. The enzyme’s optimal temperature is 30°C and its optimal pH is 7.5. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with the Michaelis constant (Km) and the turnover number (k) being 0.015 mM and 125 s-¹, respectively. WZUC10 produces 50 U/mL k-carrageenase after cultivation at 25°C for 35 h on a me-dium containing 80 g/L glucose, 5 g/L corn steep liquor, 3 g/L k-carrageenan, and 15 g/L NaCl. k-Neocarratetraose sulfate was prepared simply with precipitation by ethanol:water (5:1, v/v).

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Heterotrophic Nitrifying and Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB for Bioremediation of Wastewater

Mao-hong Zhou,Hai-ren Ye,Xiao-wei Zhao 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.2

A novel heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobicdenitrifying bacterium, KTB, was isolated from activatedsludge flocci collected from a biological aerated filteraccording to the modified Takaya method and identified asPseudomonas stutzeri by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. When shaking-cultured in the presence of 4.331 mmol/L ofnitrate, 4.511 mmol/L of nitrite and 4.438 mmol/L ofammonium, the strain grew fast, with μmax being 0.42, 0.45,and 0.56/h, and displayed high nitrogen removal efficiency,with nitrogen removal rate being 0.239, 0.362, and 0.361mmol/L/h and nitrogen removal ratio being 99.1, 100.0,and 100.0% in 18 h, respectively. The removal mainlyoccurred in the logarithmic phase. Nitrite accumulation didnot affect denitrification performance. Nitrate concentrationwas below the detectable limit during the whole growthcycle when ammonium was used as sole nitrogen source. It tolerated high DO level and exhibited excellent aggregationability. A possible pathway involved in the nitrogenremoval process, which demonstrated a full nitrificationand denitrification route, was speculated. The strain mightbe a great candidate for biological removal of nitrogencompounds from wastewater.

On Power Flow Transmission for the Finite Continuous Isolation System of Asymmetry

Ying Hong Mao,Kong Jie Song,Zun Min Gen,Li Lin 대한기계학회 1997 Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference Vol.2 No.1

Radix ranunculus temate saponins induces apoptosis via the death receptor and mitochondrial pathways in SGC-7901 cells

Mao-lin Li,Han-min Gu,Hong-ya Hang,Yao-li Jiang,Jiao Jiang,Qian-na Gu,Wen-yan Wu,M.-L. Li 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.4

Radix ranunculus temate saponins (RRTS), one of the main constituents extracted from the popular traditional Chinese medicine Radix Ranunculi ternati, has been reported to have various biological activities including anti-cancer effect. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of RRTS on the cell proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells. The data showed that exposure to RRTS for 24 h produced cytotoxic effects on SGC- 7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner (with an IC50 value of 21.22±2.76 μg/mL), which was accompanied by apoptosis induction (from 2.18±0.89% (control) to 63.72±13.16% (100 μg/mL)). Both the extrinsic or death receptor pathway and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway were involved in RRTS-induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, apoptotic signaling induced by RRTS was amplified by cross-link between the two pathways via the signal-integrating protein Bid. In conclusion, our findings contribute to better understanding the molecular mechanism of RRTS’ effect on gastric cancer cells and form the basis of the therapeutic development of RRTS in treating gastric cancer in the future.

Numerical simulation on dynamics of a droplet upon a Liquid film

( Hong Liu ),( Mao Zhao Xie ),( Ming Jia ),( Yu Feng Shi ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

The collision dynamics between a droplet and a liquid film of variable thickness has been studied in the numerical simulations. The full Navier-Stokes equations are solved in axisymmetric formulation coupled by the volume-of fluid (VOF) method and utilizing an adapting local refinement technique for providing the fine grid to tracking the interface between the gas and the droplet and liquid film. The surface tension force is modeled by a continuum surface force model. To validate our method, results of numerical simulations are compared with experiments available. Results indicate that the motion behavior of droplet impingement upon the liquid film is dominantly influenced by the initial kinetic energy as well as the surface tension and the liquid viscosity.

HIP1-ALK, a Novel Fusion Protein Identified in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Hong, Mineui,Kim, Ryong Nam,Song, Ji-Young,Choi, So-Jung,Oh, Ensel,Lira, Maruja E.,Mao,Takeuchi, Kengo,Han, Joungho,Kim, Jhingook,Choi, Yoon-La Elsevier 2014 JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY Vol.9 No.3

Prostate Cancer Risk in Relation to a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 (IGFBP3) Gene: a Meta-analysis

Mao, Ye-Qing,Xu, Xin,Lin, Yi-Wei,Chen, Hong,Hu, Zheng-Hui,Xu, Xiang-Lai,Zhu, Yi,Wu, Jian,Zheng, Xiang-Yi,Qin, Jie,Xie, Li-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) has been identified as a putative tumor suppressor with multifunctional roles in the IGF axis. Recently, there have been a growing body of studies investigating the relation between the IGFBP3 A-202C polymorphism, circulating IGFBP3 and prostate cancer risk, but their outcomes varied leading to controversy. Hence, it is necessary to perform a meta-analysis covering all eligible studies to shed a light on the association of IGFBP3 A-202C and cancer risk. Finally, we included a total of 11 relevant articles between 2003 and 2010 covering 14 case-control studies including 9,238 cases and 8,741 controls for our analysis. Our results showed that A-202C was a marginal risk factor of prostate cancer (allele contrast: OR=1.08, 95% CI :1.01-1.16; dominant model: OR=1.11, 95% CI :1.01-1.22; heterozygote codominant model: OR=1.11, 95% CI :1.03-1.18; homozygote contrast: OR=1.19, 95% CI :1.03-1.37). Stratification analysis revealed that sample size and control source were two major heterogeneous meta-factors especially in the recessive model (source: Population-based control group :p=0.30,I2=16.7%, Hospital-based control group: p=0.20, I2=30.3%; sample size: Small: p=0.22,I2= 32.8%, Medium: p=0.09,I2=48%, Large p=0.60,I2=0.0%); However, contrary to previous findings, no significance was found in racial subgroups. No significant publication bias was found in our analysis. Considering the robustness of the results and the discrepancy among some studies, there might be some unsolved confounding factors, and further more critical large studies are needed for confirmation.

Research on integrating emotional design theory into interface interaction of intangible cultural heritage APP

Mao, Ping Ting(모평정),Kim, Yong Gu(김용구),Hong, Chan Seok(홍찬석) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2022 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.40 No.1

Research on the Fusion Relationship between FMCG Packaging and Purchase Intention on Social Media Platforms

Mao, Xuan Bo(모현보),Kim, Yong Gu(김용구),Hong, Chan Seok(홍찬석) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2021 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.39 No.4

From the perspective of social media (self-media), this research analyzes the fusion relationship between different dimensions of FMCG packaging design and product purchase intention, and puts forward corresponding views and strategies at the theoretical and application levels. In the social media era, the right of information control, the right of choice, and the right of discourse gradually incline to the public, and the one-way information output in the field of United Media is transforming into the information interaction and multiple control of Focus Media. All brands are using a more flexible way to export brand culture and values. At this point, the field of product packaging is an important export. The role of product packaging has expanded from a static storage carrier to a modern circulation medium, and has become an important channel connecting brands and consumers. Excellent product packaging can not only stimulate consumers to purchase, but also, through the spontaneous sharing of consumers in social media, achieve propagation fission and maximize the promotion of brand communication. In previous studies, few studies have been conducted on product packaging factors and their influencing mechanisms with purchase intention from the perspective of brand communication, therefore further research is needed to enrich theoretical research in this field and optimize product packaging strategies. This paper analyzes and refines the obtained interview data, and obtains four dimensions of FMCG packaging: functionality, sensation, emotionality and topicality, and constructs the model of FMCG packaging’s influence mechanism on purchase intention. Relevant research hypotheses are put forward. Research has found that the functionality, sensation, emotionality, and topicality of FMCG packaging have a significant impact on purchase intention, and topicality has the greatest impact. Topic has become the primary factor influencing consumers’ FMCG purchase intention in the social media era. Combining the research conclusion of this paper with the status quo of enterprise marketing, this paper puts forward corresponding marketing suggestions for the packaging design of the FMCG industry.