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Yamada, Ikuhiro,Matsuyama, Masato,Ozaka, Masato,Inoue, Dai,Muramatsu, Yusuke,Ishii, Hiroshi,Junko, Ueda,Ueno, Makoto,Egawa, Naoto,Nakao, Haruhisa,Mori, Mitsuru,Matsuo, Keitaro,Nishiyama, Takeshi,Ohkaw Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1
Background: We aimed to evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms in tobacco carcinogen-metabolizing genes and their interactions with smoking in a hospital-based case-control study of Japanese subjects. Materials and Methods: We examine the associations of pancreatic cancer risk with genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1, phase II enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of toxic and carcinogenic electrophilic molecules. The study population consisted of 360 patients and 400 control subjects, who were recruited from several medical facilities in Japan. Unconditional logistic regression methods were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between genotypes and pancreatic cancer risk. Results: Among the control subjects, the prevalence of the GSTM1-null genotype and the GSTT1-null genotype was approximately 56% and 48%, respectively. Cases and controls were comparable in terms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype distributions. Neither of the deleted polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 was associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer, with an age- and sex-adjusted OR of 0.99 (95%CI: 0.74-1.32) for the GSTM1-null genotype, and 0.98 (95%CI: 0.73-1.31) for the GSTT1-null genotype. The OR was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.64-1.47) for individuals with the GSTM1 and GSTT1-null genotypes compared with those with the GSTM1 and GSTT1- present genotypes. No synergistic effects of smoking or GST genotypes were observed. Conclusions: Our results indicate no overall association between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer risk in the Japanese subjects in our study.
( Toshifumi Hibi ),( Makoto Naganuma ),( Eisei Oda ),( Yoji Yamada ),( Yoshitomo Chujoh ),( Ryoichi Yoshihara ),( Mamoru Watanabe ) 대한장연구학회 2020 Intestinal Research Vol.18 No.1
Background/Aims: Mucosal healing (MH) of distal lesions in ulcerative colitis (UC) has recently been confirmed with budesonide 2-mg foam (BF) treatment in 2 clinical trials; however, few studies have investigated the predictive factors for complete MH. Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis using pooled data from phase II and III clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of BF for UC. Additionally, we analyzed the relationships between complete MH and baseline factors and clinical symptoms from baseline to week 6. Results: Among the 291 Japanese patients from the 2 pooled clinical studies, 119 patients in the BF twice a day group and 117 in the placebo group were included in the full analysis set. The proportion of patients with a rectal bleeding (RB) subscore of 0 was significantly higher in the BF group than in the placebo group after a 5-day treatment (P<0.05). After a 2-day treatment, significantly more patients in the BF group had a stool frequency (SF) subscore of 0 than patients in the placebo group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that complete MH at week 6 was influenced by baseline SF subscore and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) enema or suppository use (P=0.0086 and P=0.0015, respectively). The relationship between complete MH at week 6 and RB subscore after week 2 was also confirmed. Conclusions: Normal SF at baseline, history of 5-ASA topical product use, and elimination of RB after week 2 are suggested predictors of complete MH at week 6 with twice-daily BF treatment. (Intest Res 2020;18:56-68)
Evaluation of Reduction Effect in Traffic Accidents Based on Time Series Reliability Model
Ryota IIDA,Makoto MOCHIZUKI,Yoshiki NII,Dejan ORSAG,Keisuke SUZUKI,Kiichi YAMADA 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.06
In recent years, various kinds of research related to alarm systems which prevent traffic accidents has been reported. However, there are few which evaluated the effects of reducing driver’s reaction time during unpredictable risks on decreasing traffic accidents. In this study, a methodology for estimating the collision mitigation ratio is discussed, using a collision-prevention system that supplies aroma to drivers whose cognitive attentiveness has decreased due to a prolonged driving. First, we investigated driving action at intersections during use of the system in a driving simulator. The results showed that reaction time to the crossing vehicle was significantly reduced when a driver used the aroma-supplying collision-prevention system. In addition, a system that doesn’t supply aroma could cause a decrease in driver’s attentiveness. The Time Series Reliability Model, which is a driver-model considering the driver’s time-series cognitive status, is constructed and the collision mitigation ratio is estimated. The results suggested that the collision ratio increased during the use of a system that presents only information, since the driver depended on the system information and the driver’s safety confirmation actions were inhibited. Meanwhile, the collision ratio decreased during the use of the aroma-supplying system since reaction time to the crossing vehicle was reduced by an effect on stress reduction. It can be concluded that traffic accidents at intersections are reduced by using the aroma-supplying system.
Shoko Merrit Yamada,Yusuke Tomita,Hideki Murakami,Makoto Nakane 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.2
Purpose: Comatose elderly patients with acute neurological illness have a great risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this study, the incidence of DVT and the effectiveness of early initiation of treatment were evaluated in those patients. Materials and Methods: Total 323 patients were admitted to our ward due to neurological diseases in one year, and 43 patients, whose Glasgow Coma Scale was ≤11 and who was older than ≥60 years, were included in this study. D-dimer was measured on admission and day 7, and lower-extremity ultrasonography was performed on day 7. When DVT was positive, heparin treatment was initiated, and further evaluation of pulmonary embolism (PE) was conducted. Vena cava filter protection was inserted in PE-positive patients. Incidence of DVT and PE, alteration of D-dimer value, and effect of heparin treatment were analyzed. Results: DVT was positive in 19 (44.2%) patients, and PE was in 4 (9.3%). D-dimer was significantly higher in DVT-positive group on day 7 (p<0.01). No DVT were identified in patients with ischemic disease, while 66.7% of intracerebral hemorrhage and 53.3% of brain contusion patients were DVT positive. Surgery was a definite risk factor for DVT, with an odds ratio of 5.25. DVT and PE disappeared by treatment in all cases, and no patients were succumbed to the thrombosis. Conclusion: Patients with hemorrhagic diseases or who undergo operation possess high risk of DVT, and initiation of heparin treatment in 7 days after admission is an effective prophylaxis for DVT in comatose elderly patients without causing bleeding.