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Simple measures of endogenous free-riding in protectionist lobbies
Magee, S.,Lee, H.L.,Lee, H. Butterworths ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2017 economic modelling Vol.60 No.-
Even though there is a well-known empirical and theoretical link between lobby and the free-rider problem, the existing literature only attributes its findings to the free-rider rather than the measurement of its extent. We develop broader theoretical micro-foundations for measuring free-riding and investigate the determinants of tariff rates from the perspective of corporate lobbying and free-riding. Our estimation result shows that the degree of free-riding not only varies across industries but is particularly high in larger industries indicating the underutilization of lobbying. The tariff rates under monopoly are about 8 times higher than under perfect competition in most industries suggesting that stakeholders should maintain higher industry protection levels through lobbying.
Yoon, Byungun,Magee, Christopher L. Elsevier 2018 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE Vol.132 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The shortening lifetime of technology requires companies to make intensive efforts to continuously explore new technology. Although many researchers have proposed visualization methods to find technology opportunities, little attention has been paid to present detailed directions of technology development with specified characteristics of technology. Thus, this research aims to suggest a systematic approach to conducting technology opportunity analysis by visualizing patent information, such as patent documents and citation relationships. First, keywords that explain core concepts, functions, and so on are extracted from collected patent documents by text mining. Second, patents are visualized in a two-dimensional space, and vacant cells are identified with their estimated keyword vectors by generative topographic mapping (GTM). Third, since many vacant cells will be potential candidates for developing new technologies, link prediction tools can choose promising vacant cells to connect existing cells with potential, but not yet existent, cells. Finally, the results of prediction are tested by comparing the predicted cells with the actual developed cells. The research reported in this paper is based in three technologies that have emerging, stable, and declining patterns, in order to illustrate the proposed approach, and investigate in which types it is relevant. It is found that the proposed approach provided a good prediction performance in the case of a technology that has a stable pattern. In addition, among link prediction methods, a semantic similarity-based approach showed better prediction results than a machine learning technique due to modest data availability for training. Thus, the results of this research can help R&D managers plan and evaluate R&D projects for technology development.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This research aims to suggest a systematic approach for technology opportunity. </LI> <LI> Patent information is utilized to visualize the relationship between technology. </LI> <LI> Link prediction techniques are employed to choose promising vacant cells. </LI> <LI> The results of prediction are tested by comparing with the actual developed cells. </LI> <LI> Three technologies are tested to investigate the relevance of proposed approach. </LI> </UL> </P>
한상만,Christopher L. Magee,김윤식 한국마케팅학회 2015 ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL Vol.17 No.1
This paper examines a highly used social networking site (SNS) by studying the behavior of more than 11 million members over a 20 month period. The importance of the most highly active members to the overall network is demonstrated by the significant fraction of total visits by extremely active members in a given period but such members have surprisingly short lifespans (an average of only 2.5 months) as social hubs. We form and test a number of hypotheses concerning these social hubs and the determinants of their lifespan. We find that the speed of achieving social hub status increases the lifespan of a social hub. The norm of reciprocity is strongly confirmed to be present in the social hub population as visits are reciprocated. We also find that increasing local dominance in terms of activities over neighboring agents leads to a longer lifespan of a social hub. Contrary to expectations, local clustering in the vicinity of social hubs is smaller (rather than larger) than overall clustering. We discuss managerial implications in the paper.
Tom J. O’Donohoe,Lisa Mililli,Alison Magee,Christopher Thien,Yi Yuen Wang 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.1
Objective: To determine the effect of anterior plating on postoperative dysphagia (POD) among adult patients undergoing elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylosis and determine the potential role of demographic and clinical characteristics in the development of POD. Methods: Consecutive adults undergoing an elective, single-level, ACDF were randomly assigned to receive a stand-alone CoRoent Cage or a CoRoent Cage with a Helix, or HelixMini plate. Patients with a history of cervical spine surgery were excluded. M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and Bazaz questionnaires were completed at regular intervals for 12 months postoperatively. Results: Twenty-five patients were recruited over a 2-year period, with 8 allocated to receive a stand-alone cage, 5 to receive a cage and Helix Mini plate, and 12 to receive a cage and Helix plate. The POD rate was 68% at 48 hours, before falling to 16% at 6 and 12 months. A longer retraction time was observed in the Helix plate group compared to the stand-alone cage group (7.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–15.63; p=0.046), although there was no difference in the incidence or severity of dysphagia between cohorts at any timepoint. With the exception of body mass index, there was no difference in patients with and without dysphagia, and each of the interventions was equally efficacious with respect to clinical and radiological endpoints. Conclusion: Dysphagia is a common consequence of ACDF and, while the placement of a large plate results in longer retraction time, it was not associated with higher rates of dysphagia. Further research is required to identify both patient-specific and surgical contributors to this complication.
Xie, F,Hu, Y,Turvey, SE,Magee, LA,Brunham, RM,Choi, K-C,Krajden, M,Leung, PCK,Money, DM,Patrick, DM,Thomas, E,von Dadelszen, P Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2010 BJOG Vol.117 No.1
<P>Pre-eclampsia involves a maternal inflammatory response that differs from both normal pregnancy and normotensive intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Our objective was to examine neutrophil Toll-like receptor (TLR), cryopyrin, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) subunit and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and inflammatory cytokine profiles in women with pre-eclampsia or normotensive IUGR, as well as in normal pregnancy and non-pregnancy controls.</P>
Structured Synaptic Connectivity between Hippocampal Regions
Druckmann, S.,Feng, L.,Lee, B.,Yook, C.,Zhao, T.,Magee, Jeffrey C.,Kim, J. Cell Press 2014 Neuron Vol.81 No.3
The organization of synaptic connectivity within a neuronal circuit is a prime determinant of circuit function. We performed a comprehensive fine-scale circuit mapping of hippocampal regions (CA3-CA1) using the newly developed synapse labeling method, mGRASP. This mapping revealed spatially nonuniform and clustered synaptic connectivity patterns. Furthermore, synaptic clustering was enhanced between groups of neurons that shared a similar developmental/migration time window, suggesting a mechanism for establishing the spatial structure of synaptic connectivity. Such connectivity patterns are thought to effectively engage active dendritic processing and storage mechanisms, thereby potentially enhancing neuronal feature selectivity.
Control of timing, rate and bursts of hippocampal place cells by dendritic and somatic inhibition
Royer, S챕bastien,Zemelman, Boris V,Losonczy, Attila,Kim, Jinhyun,Chance, Frances,Magee, Jeffrey C,Buzs찼ki, Gy철rgy Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2012 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.5
A consortium of inhibitory neurons control the firing patterns of pyramidal cells, but their specific roles in the behaving animal are largely unknown. We performed simultaneous physiological recordings and optogenetic silencing of either perisomatic (parvalbumin (PV) expressing) or dendrite-targeting (somatostatin (SOM) expressing) interneurons in hippocampal area CA1 of head-fixed mice actively moving a treadmill belt rich with visual-tactile stimuli. Silencing of either PV or SOM interneurons increased the firing rates of pyramidal cells selectively in their place fields, with PV and SOM interneurons having their largest effect during the rising and decaying parts of the place field, respectively. SOM interneuron silencing powerfully increased burst firing without altering the theta phase of spikes. In contrast, PV interneuron silencing had no effect on burst firing, but instead shifted the spikes' theta phase toward the trough of theta. These findings indicate that perisomatic and dendritic inhibition have distinct roles in controlling the rate, burst and timing of hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Antimutagenic Activity of Berry Extracts
Lyndon L. Larcom,Patricia L. Tate,George Huang,James B. Magee,Kumudini M. Meepagala,David E. Wedge,S. Hope Smith 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.4
Plants are proven sources of useful anti-tumor and chemopreventative compounds. Hence, identification ofphytochemicals useful in dietary prevention and intervention of cancer is of paramount importance. The initial step in the for-mation of cancer is damage to the genome of a somatic cell producing a mutation in an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene.Fresh juices and organic solvent extracts from the fruits of strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry were evaluated for their abil-ity to inhibit the production of mutations by the direct-acting mutagen methyl methanesulfonate and the metabolically acti-vated carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. Juice from strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry fruit significantly inhibited mutagenesiscaused by both carcinogens. Ethanol extracts from freeze-dried fruits of strawberry cultivars (Sweet Charlie and Carlsbad)and blueberry cultivars (Tifblue and Premier) were also tested. Of these, the hydrolyzable tannin-containing fraction fromSweet Charlie strawberries was most effective at inhibiting mutations.