Game Developer / MUSIC MANAGEMENT

챈스토마스,Chance Thomas 한국데이터베이스진흥원 2003 디지털콘텐츠 Vol.12 No.-

반지를 지키고자 하는 미들 사이즈의 난쟁이족인 호빗족과 반지를 손에 쥐어 제왕이 되고자 하는 여타의 부족간의 전쟁을 그린 비벤디유니버셜게임(Vivendi Universal Games)의 ' 반지의 제왕' 타이틀(Middle-Earth Online 포함) 제작에서 고심한 부분은‘원작자인 톨킨의 컨셉을 어떻게 기술로 표현할 수 있느냐’였다. 특히 그의 책에서 증거로 제시된 무자비한 야망 추구를 어떻게 나타내고 여러 개발자와 작자, 플랫폼과 게임의 전체 시리즈를 묶을 수 있는 음악을 만드는 것은 타이틀 제작에 있어 가장 큰 문제였다. 이번호에는 이 반지의 제왕 타이틀에서 출판사와 개발자 모두가 원하는 수준의 혁신적인 음악 구현을 어떻게 했는지 살펴본 후 혁신적인 음악 구현 시스템을 유지할 수 있는 프랜차이즈를 위한 진정한 음악 스타일 가이드를 제시한다.

EVOLUTION OF MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM IN MALAWI: A TVP-VAR APPROACH

CHANCE NGAMANYA MWABUTWA,NICOLA VIEGI,MANOEL BITTENCOURT 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2016 Journal of Economic Development Vol.41 No.1

This paper investigates the evolution of monetary transmission mechanism in Malawi between 1981 and 2010 using a time varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model with stochastic volatility. We evaluate how the responses of real output and general price level to bank rate, exchange rate and credit shocks have changed over time since Malawi adopted financial reforms in 1980s. It is becoming clear from literature that financial reforms can change the monetary transmission by changing the overall impact of the policy or by altering the transmission channels overtime. Therefore, the impact of monetary policy on price stability and output growth can vary and portray delayed effects overtime. The paper finds that inflation and real output responses to monetary policy shocks changed over the period under the review. Importantly, beginning mid-2000s, the monetary transmission performed consistently with predictions of economic theory partly due to stable macroeconomic conditions and positive structural changes in the economy. However, the statistical significance of the private credit supply remains weak and this calls for more financial reforms targeting the credit market which can contribute to monetary transmission and promote further economic growth in Malawi.

환경정지궤도위성에서 HCHO 산출시 air mass factor가 미치는 영향

권형안,박록진,Kelly Chance,이승언 한국대기환경학회 2013 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.8

파장검정 과정에서 고해상도 기준태양스펙트럼의 영향과 그 개선에 관하여

강민아,안명환,Kelly Chance,Xiong Liu,Robert L. Kurucz 한국기상학회 2015 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Evaluation of ozone profile and tropospheric ozone retrievals from GEMS and OMI spectra

Bak, J.,Kim, J. H.,Liu, X.,Chance, K.,Kim, J. Copernicus GmbH 2013 Atmospheric measurement techniques Vol.6 No.2

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> South Korea is planning to launch the GEMS (Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer) instrument into the GeoKOMPSAT (Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose SATellite) platform in 2018 to monitor tropospheric air pollutants on an hourly basis over East Asia. GEMS will measure backscattered UV radiances covering the 300-500 nm wavelength range with a spectral resolution of 0.6 nm. The main objective of this study is to evaluate ozone profiles and stratospheric column ozone amounts retrieved from simulated GEMS measurements. Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Level 1B radiances, which have the spectral range 270-500 nm at spectral resolution of 0.42-0.63 nm, are used to simulate the GEMS radiances. An optimal estimation-based ozone profile algorithm is used to retrieve ozone profiles from simulated GEMS radiances. Firstly, we compare the retrieval characteristics (including averaging kernels, degrees of freedom for signal, and retrieval error) derived from the 270-330 nm (OMI) and 300-330 nm (GEMS) wavelength ranges. This comparison shows that the effect of not using measurements below 300 nm on retrieval characteristics in the troposphere is insignificant. However, the stratospheric ozone information in terms of DFS decreases greatly from OMI to GEMS, by a factor of &amp;sim;2. The number of the independent pieces of information available from GEMS measurements is estimated to 3 on average in the stratosphere, with associated retrieval errors of ~1% in stratospheric column ozone. The difference between OMI and GEMS retrieval characteristics is apparent for retrieving ozone layers above ~20 km, with a reduction in the sensitivity and an increase in the retrieval errors for GEMS. We further investigate whether GEMS can resolve the stratospheric ozone variation observed from high vertical resolution Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The differences in stratospheric ozone profiles between GEMS and MLS are comparable to those between OMI and MLS below ~3 hPa (~40 km), except with slightly larger biases and larger standard deviations by up to 5%. At pressure altitudes above ~3 hPa, GEMS retrievals show strong influence of a priori and large differences with MLS, which, however, can be sufficiently improved by using better a priori information. The GEMS-MLS differences show negative biases of less than 4% for stratospheric column ozone, with standard deviations of 1-3%, while OMI retrievals show similar agreements with MLS except for 1% smaller biases at middle and high latitudes. Based on the comparisons, we conclude that GEMS will measure tropospheric ozone and stratospheric ozone columns with accuracy comparable to that of OMI and ozone profiles with slightly worse performance than that of OMI below ~3 hPa.</p> </P>

위성, 항공기, 지상 관측 자료를 활용한 GEMS 포름알데하이드 (HCHO) 산출 알고리즘 검증

권형안,박록진,Gonzalo Gonzalez Abad,Kelly Chance 한국기상학회 2018 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

Air mass factor가 HCHO 산출에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Hyeong-ahn Kwon,Rokjin J. Park,Kelly Chance,Seungun Lee 한국기상학회 2013 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

Validation of OMI total ozone retrievals from the SAO ozone profile algorithm and three operational algorithms with Brewer measurements

Bak, J.,Liu, X.,Kim, J. H.,Chance, K.,Haffner, D. P. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.15 No.2

<P>Abstract. The accuracy of total ozone computed from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) optimal estimation (OE) ozone profile algorithm (SOE) applied to the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is assessed through comparisons with ground-based Brewer spectrometer measurements from 2005 to 2008. We also compare the three OMI operational ozone products, derived from the NASA Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) algorithm, the KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute) differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) algorithm, and KNMI's Optimal Estimation (KOE) algorithm. The best agreement is observed between SAO and Brewer, with a mean difference of within 1% at most individual stations. The KNMI OE algorithm systematically overestimates Brewer total ozone by 2% at low and mid-latitudes and 5% at high latitudes while the TOMS and DOAS algorithms underestimate it by ~1.65% on average. Standard deviations of ~1.8% are calculated for both SOE and TOMS, but DOAS and KOE have higher values of 2.2% and 2.6%, respectively. The stability of the SOE algorithm is found to have insignificant dependence on viewing geometry, cloud parameters, or total ozone column. In comparison, the KOE-Brewer differences are significantly correlated with solar and viewing zenith angles and show significant deviations depending on cloud parameters and total ozone amount. The TOMS algorithm exhibits similar stability to SOE with respect to viewing geometry and total column ozone, but has stronger cloud parameter dependence. The dependence of DOAS on observational geometry and geophysical conditions is marginal compared to KOE, but is distinct compared to the SOE and TOMS algorithms. Comparisons of all four OMI products with Brewer show no apparent long-term drift, but seasonal features are evident, especially for KOE and TOMS. The substantial differences in the KOE vs. SOE algorithm performance cannot be sufficiently explained by the use of soft calibration (in SOE) and the use of different a priori error covariance matrices; however, other algorithm details cause fitting residuals larger by a factor of 2-3 for KOE. </P>

SAO2010, JPLS 고해상도 기준태양스펙트럼의 개선 및 개선 효과 분석

강민아,안명환,Xiong Liu,Kelly Chance,Sun Kang 한국기상학회 2017 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Global evaluation of economics of microalgae-based biofuel supply chain using GIS-based framework

강성환,Matthew J. Realff,Yanhui Yuan,Ronald Chance,이재형 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.6

A microalgae-based biofuel supply chain was designed for different geographic regions, considering thelocal environmental conditions of sunlight, temperature, and available resources of water and CO2. The supply chainwas designed in three distinct areas, Texas, U.S., Northern Territory of Australia, and La Guajira, Colombia, selectedthrough a global analysis of suitable land based on GIS. A three-stage design framework developed in our previousresearch was improved to include a biomass productivity estimation model based on operating data provided by Algenol,a new photobioreactor (PBR) cultivation technology, direct air capture of CO2 as a feedstock option, and functional-unit based optimization. The framework focuses on the comparison of two major cultivation platforms, openraceway pond (ORP) and photobioreactor (PBR) using a net present value metric. A mixed-integer fractional programming(MIFP) model was formulated to make multi-period strategic and tactical decisions related to the supply chaindesign and operation under the objective of minimizing the total cost per gasoline gallon equivalent of products(GGE). Under the same assumptions, the supply chain was designed for seven years and the cost was estimated to be$15.5, $13.5, and $14.0/GGE for the U.S., Colombia, and Australia, respectively. While various processing pathwayswere considered in the model, only a single pathway involving PBR, an algae strain AB1166, and hydrothermal liquefactionwas selected in all regions owing to its cost-efficiency. Direct air capture and hypothetical saline water speciesscenarios were examined to analyze the effect of alternative resource sources on the supply chain design and economics.