Degradation of Bradykinin, a Cardioprotective Substance, during a Single Passage through Isolated Rat-Heart

M. Ahmad,I. J. Zeitlin,J. R. Parratt,A. R. Pitt 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.3

(Received March 15, 2005) Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have cardioprotective effects in different species including human. This cardioprotective effect is mainly due to the inhibition of bradykinin (BK) degradation rather than inhibition of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Bradykinin, a nonapeptide, has been considered to be the potential target for various enzymes including ACE, neutral endopeptidase 24.11, carboxypeptidase M, carboxypeptidase N, proline aminopeptidase, endopeptidase 24.15, and meprin. In the present study, the coronary vascular beds of Sprague Dawley rat isolated hearts were perfused (single passage) with Krebs solution alone or with different concentrations of BK i.e. 2.75×10-10, 10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 M solution. Percent degradation of BK was determined by radioimmunoassay. The degradation products of BK after passing through the isolated rat-hearts were determined using RP-HPLC and mass spectroscopy. All the four doses of BK significantly decreased the perfusion pressure during their passage through the hearts. The percentage degradation of all four doses was decreased as the concentration of drug was increased, implying saturation of a fixed number of active sites involved in BK degradation. Bradykinin during a single passage through the hearts degraded to give [1-7]-BK as the major metabolite, and [1-8]-BK as a minor metabolite, detected on HPLC. Mass spectroscopy not only confirmed the presence of these two metabolites but also detected traces of [1-5]-BK and arginine. These findings showed that primarily ACE is the major cardiac enzyme involved in the degradation of bradykinin during a single passage through the coronary vascular of bed the healthy rat heart, while carboxypeptidase M may have a minor role.

Degradation of Bradykinin, a Cardioprotective Substance, during a Single Passage through Isolated Rat-Heart

Ahmad M.,Zeitlin I.J.,Parratt J.R.,Pitt A.R. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.3

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have cardioprotective effects in different species including human. This cardioprotective effect is mainly due to the inhibition of bradykinin (BK) degradation rather than inhibition of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensir. II. Bradykinin, a nonapeptide, has been considered to be the potential target for various enzymes including ACE, neutral endopeptidase 24.11, carboxypeptidase M, carboxypeptidase N, proline aminopeptidase, endopeptidase 24.15, and meprin. In the present study, the coronary vascular beds of Sprague Dawley rat isolated hearts were perfused (single passage) with Krebs solution alone or with different concentrations of BK i.e. $2.75{\times}10^{-10},\;10^{-7},\;10^{-6}\;and\;10^{-5}M$ solution. Percent degradation of BK was determined by radioimmunoassay. The degradation products of BK after passing through the isolated rat-hearts were determined using RP-HPLC and mass spectroscopy. All the four doses of BK significantly decreased the perfusion pressure during their passage through the hearts. The percentage degradation of all four doses was decreased as the concentration of drug was increased, implying saturation of a fixed number of active sites involved in BK degradation. Bradykinin during a single passage through the hearts degraded to give [1-7]-BK as the major metabolite, and [1-8]-BK as a minor metabolite, detected on HPLC. Mass spectroscopy not only confirmed the presence of these two metabolites but also detected traces of [1-5]-BK and arginine. These findings showed that primarily ACE is the major cardiac enzyme involved in the degradation of bradykinin during a single passage through the coronary vascular of bed the healthy rat heart, while carboxypeptidase M may have a minor role.

Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV

Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Agnello, M.,Agostinelli, A.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmed, I.,Ahn, S. U.,Ahn, S. A.,Aimo, I.,Aiola, S.,Ajaz, M.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S. Institute of Physics Pub 2015 The journal of high energy physics Vol.2015 No.6

<P>The elliptic flow coefficient (v(2)) of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results were obtained with the Scalar Product method, a two-particle correlation technique, using a pseudo-rapidity gap of |Delta eta| > 0.9 between the identified hadron under study and the reference particles. The v (2) is reported for pi(+/-), K-+/-, K-S(0), p+(p) over bar, phi, Lambda+(Lambda) over bar, Xi+(Xi) over bar (+) and Omega(-)+(Omega) over bar (+) in several collision centralities. In the low transverse momentum (p(T)) region, p(T) < 3 GeV/c, v(2)(p(T)) exhibits a particle mass dependence consistent with elliptic flow accompanied by the transverse radial expansion of the system with a common velocity field. The experimental data for pi (+/-) and the combined K-+/- and K-S(0) results, are described fairly well by hydrodynamic calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (VISHNU) for central collisions. However, the same calculations fail to reproduce the v(2)(p(T)) for p+(p) over bar, phi, Lambda+(Lambda) over bar, Xi+(Xi) over bar (+). For transverse momentum values larger than about 3 GeV/c, particles tend to group according to their type, i.e. mesons and baryons. The present measurements exhibit deviations from the number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling at the level of +/- 20% for p(T) > 3 GeV/c.</P>

Nutritional Evaluation of Fodder Tree Leaves with Goats

Azim, A.,Khan, A.G.,Ahmad, J.,Ayaz, M.,Mirza, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.1

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of common fodder tree leaves with goats fed at 50% of total ration. In experiment 1, leaves from six fodder tree species i.e., Ailanthus aitissima, Elaeagnus angustifolic, Morus alba (Mulberry), Populus spp, Robina pseudoacacia and Salix babylonia were harvested in spring and winter from northern areas of Pakistan. Chemical composition and apparent in situ dry matter digestibility (DMD) of fodder tree leaves were measured. Results showed that crude protein (CP) values were higher (p<0.05) in all the species during spring compared to winter (17.9% vs 12.0%). The concentration of NDF in Elaeagnus and Robinia was higher in spring, whereas no seasonal difference was found in other species. In situ DMD was higher (p<0.05) in Ailanthus and Populus at spring while it was higher (p<0.05) in Elaeagnus, Mulberry and Robinia at winter. There was no (p<0.05) seasonal effect on in situ DMD of Salix. In experiment II, four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations viz., A, B, C and D were prepared containing 50% (winter harvested) sun dried leaves of Salix, Robinia, Mulberry and Elaeagnus, respectively and 50% concentrate. Dry matter and crude protein intakes were higher (p<0.05) given ration A (Salix) whereas DM and CP digestibility was lowest (p<0.05) given ration B. Nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) given ration A. Goats fed on fodder tree leaves and concentrate showed moderate intake and digestibility.

Charmonium and <i>e</i> ⁺ <i>e</i> ⁻ pair photoproduction at mid-rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at [FORMULA OMISSION]

Abbas, E.,Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamová,, D.,Adare, A. M.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agocs, A. G.,Agostinelli, A.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmad Masoodi, A.,Ahmed, I.,Ahn, S. A. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2013 The European physical journal. C, Particles and fi Vol.73 No.11

<P>The ALICE Collaboration at the LHC has measured the J/<I>ψ</I> and <I>ψ</I>′ photoproduction at mid-rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at [FORMULA OMISSION].</P><P>The charmonium is identified via its leptonic decay for events where the hadronic activity is required to be minimal. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 23 μb<SUP>−1</SUP>. The cross section for coherent and incoherent J/<I>ψ</I> production in the rapidity interval −0.9<<I>y</I><0.9, are [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION], respectively. The results are compared to theoretical models for J/<I>ψ</I> production and the coherent cross section is found to be in good agreement with those models incorporating moderate nuclear gluon shadowing at Bjorken-<I>x</I> around 10<SUP>−3</SUP>, such as EPS09 parametrization. In addition the cross section for the process <I>γγ</I>→<I>e</I><SUP>+</SUP><I>e</I><SUP>−</SUP> has been measured and found to be in agreement with models implementing QED at leading order.</P>

Interaction of Glucagon G-Protein Coupled Receptor with Known Natural Antidiabetic Compounds: Multiscoring <i>In Silico</i> Approach

Baig, M. H.,Ahmad, K.,Hasan, Q.,Khan, M. K. A.,Rao, N. S.,Kamal, M. A.,Choi, I. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2015 No.-

<P>Glucagon receptor (GCGR) is a secretin-like (class B) family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in humans that plays an important role in elevating the glucose concentration in blood and has thus become one of the promising therapeutic targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. GCGR based inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are either glucagon neutralizers or small molecular antagonists. Management of diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system, and the search for a new and effective natural GCGR antagonist is an important area for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, a number of natural compounds containing antidiabetic properties were selected from the literature and their binding potential against GCGR was determined using molecular docking and other<I> in silico</I> approaches. Among all selected natural compounds, curcumin was found to be the most effective compound against GCGR followed by amorfrutin 1 and 4-hydroxyderricin. These compounds were rescored to confirm the accuracy of binding using another scoring function (<I>x</I>-score). The final conclusions were drawn based on the results obtained from the GOLD and <I>x</I>-score. Further experiments were conducted to identify the atomic level interactions of selected compounds with GCGR.</P>

Energy dependence of the transverse momentum distributions of charged particles in pp collisions measured by ALICE

Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamová,, D.,Adare, A. M.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agocs, A. G.,Agostinelli, A.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmad Masoodi, A.,Ahmed, I.,Ahn, S. A.,Ahn, S. U. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2013 European Physical Journal C Vol.73 No.12

<P>Differential cross sections of charged particles in inelastic pp collisions as a function of <I>p</I><SUB>T</SUB> have been measured at [FORMULA OMISSION] at the LHC. The <I>p</I><SUB>T</SUB> spectra are compared to NLO-pQCD calculations. Though the differential cross section for an individual [FORMULA OMISSION] cannot be described by NLO-pQCD, the relative increase of cross section with [FORMULA OMISSION] is in agreement with NLO-pQCD. Based on these measurements and observations, procedures are discussed to construct pp reference spectra at [FORMULA OMISSION] up to <I>p</I><SUB>T</SUB>=50 GeV/<I>c</I> as required for the calculation of the nuclear modification factor in nucleus–nucleus and proton–nucleus collisions.</P>

Fatigue crack effect on magnetic flux leakage for A283 grade C steel

M.I.M. Ahmad,A. Arifin,S. ABDULLAH,W.Z.W. Jusoh,S.S.K. Singh 국제구조공학회 2015 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.19 No.6

This paper presents the characterization of fatigue crack in the A283 Grade C steel using the MMM method by identifying the effects of magnetic flux leakage towards the crack growth rate, da/dN, and crack length.The previous and current research on the relation between MMM parameters and fatigue crack effect is still unclear and requires specific analysis to validate that. This method is considered to be a passive magnetic method among other Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods. The tension-tension fatigue test was conducted with a testing frequency of 10 Hz with 4 kN loaded, meanwhile the MMM response signals were captured using a MMM instrument. A correlation between the crack growth rate and magnetic flux leakage produces a sigmoid shape curve with a constant values which present the gradient, m value is in the ranges of 1.4357 to 4.0506, and the y-intercept, log C in the ranges of 4×10<SUP>-7</SUP> to 0.0303. Moreover, a linear relation was obtained between the crack length and magnetic flux leakage which present the R-Squared values is at 0.830 to 0.978. Therefore, MMM method has their own capability to investigate and characterize the fatigue crack effects as a main source of fracture mechanism for ferrous-based materials.

Experimental analysis of electromagnetic vibration damping of a cantilever beam

M. R. Siddiqui,I. Ahmad,M. Khan,S.M. Ahmad 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Vibration attenuation is necessary in many electro-mechanical systems. In this paper electromagnetic damping is applied on a flexible cantilever beam (FCB) made of ferromagnetic material. The lateral vibration is controlled by employing two electromagnetic poles mounted in the same axis as that of a vibrating cantilever beam. A power amplifier is developed to provide desired current to the electromagnet. Comparison of damping achieved at different electromagnetic forces is presented. The study employs a new method of applying a constant DC power to one of the electromagnets while other is connected to a variable current source. Experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

Insights into the Incidence of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus Causing Yellowing Disease of Watermelon in Western and Southwestern Regions of Saudi Arabia

M. H. Ahmad,M. T. Shakeel,I. M. Al-Shahwan,M. A. Al-Saleh,M. A. Amer 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.5

During the spring season of 2014, a total of 148 melon and watermelon leaf samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants in the western and southwestern regions of Saudi Arabia and were tested for the presence of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) and other suspected cucurbit viruses by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Ninety-eight samples were found to be positive for the presence of WmCSV, nine samples were positive for the presence of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), and 22 showed a mixed infection with both WmCSV and CYSDV. No other cucurbit viruses were detected in any of the samples. Host range experiments revealed that eight out of fourteen tested plant species were susceptible to WmCSV. PCR products of approximately 1.2 kb were obtained after amplification using primers specifically targeting the coat protein region of WmCSV. Positive PCR results were confirmed by dot blot hybridization. Coat protein gene sequences from eleven WmCSV isolates indicated that the highest identity was between the 104WMA-SA isolate from the Wadi Baish location and a previously reported isolate from the AL-Lith location in Saudi Arabia. The lowest identity was observed between the 42WMA-SA isolate and an isolate from Palestine.