Secure Mobile Commerce in Ad hoc Network Using CAEC2M

Khaleel Ahmad,Md Shoaib Alam,M A Rizvi 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.12

M-Commerce applications in the world have grown exponentially over the years. It had set up for mobile users to engage wirelessly of ad hoc network infrastructure in online business irrespective of place or time. Providing anonymous, secure and trust based connection service in ad hoc network is quite a challenging task. Anonymity, security and privacy of the transaction or message transmission are the highest priority need to be delivered to the destination node on time. In this paper, a CAEC2M (Cellular Automata Elliptic Curve Cryptography Mix network) algorithm to secure Mobile Commerce over ad hoc network is proposed. An attempt is made to design a mix-network (Mix-Net) using elliptic curve cryptography based on cellular automata which creates a hard to trace communication to protect the anonymity of the sender and encrypt the sensitive information to avoid any eavesdropper trying to access the data during transmission. CAEC2M provides also confidentiality, integrity and authentication.

Estimation of Crop Water Requirement and Comparison with Available Irrigation Water Supply

( Ahmad Mirza Junaid ),( M. Arshad ),( Kyung Sook Choi ) 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

The study was conducted on the irrigation area of Nokhar Branch belong to Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) System, Punjab province of Pakistan. The objectives of the study were 1) to generate image map of the land use in UCC system, 2) to determine the irrigation requirements for different crop and 3) to compare the irrigation requirements with water supply from UCC system. The study period was from November 2010 to October 2011 comprising two cropping seasons including spring and autumn. MODIS 250m NDVI time series data were downloaded from NASA website (https://wist.echo.nasa.govlapii). ERDAS imagine model and ArcGIS tools were used for processing of NDVI images. CROPWAT model was applied to estimate the irrigation requirements within the study area on the basis of different crop fields. The estimated irrigation area of Nokhar Branch from the RS image process was 161,054.4 acres which shows 86% of accuracy compared to the official map. The total water supplied to irrigation system of Nokhar Branch for the study area, in which the major crops were wheat and rice, was 376.36 million m³(MCM). The actual irrigation water for crops was estimated to be 206.994 MCM after subtracting conveyance losses of 45% total water supplied. The estimated total volume of water required in autumn and spring seasons were 150.46 MCM and 603.29 MCM respectively. The maximum water requirement of water was observed 220 MCM from June in autumn season and 144 MCM from September in spring season. The comparison between the available water supplied from UCC system and the estimated water demand was shown that the deficit of irrigation water was up to 60% through the study period.

The Efficiency of Human Resources Management During the Disruption and Pandemic Era

M,Arief MUFRAINI,Murodi MURODI,Ahmad Tibrizi Soni WICAKSONO,Fauziah FAUZIAH,Faizul MUBAROK 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6

Human resources are the main factor ensuring the efficiency of the company, especially in the middle of the disruption era and the Covid-19 pandemic. This research adopts the human resource efficiency approach to measure the performance of Indonesian Islamic banks that interact with each other within contextual issues of mega-merger policy in 2020. Samples were taken from twelve full-fledged Indonesian Islamic Banks from 2014 to 2019. The efficiency frontier analysis results show that most Islamic banks within the period of research are operating more on variable returns to scale basis, and only one bank has consistently been able to increase the output of financial intermediation performance proportionally for each additional input of human resources cost. The pooled regression test results on the three bank performance models show that allocation of human resource funds in Islamic banks tends to have more effect on increasing operational profits rather than the distribution of funds to the public through financing mechanisms or investment in Islamic securities. Based on verified models, more innovation in training employees and investing in training costs are needed for employees to have a deeper understanding of the nature of risk-profit of financing and investment activities of Sharia/Islamic banks. Highly skilled employees ensure the future promising performance of Islamic banks to deal with new global-normal.

First Measurements of Carbonaceous Aerosol across Urban, Rural and Residential Areas in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Iqbal M. Ismail,Ahmad S. Summan,Jalal M. Basahi,Essam Hammam,Mohamed F. Yassin,Ibrahim A. Hassan 한국대기환경학회 2021 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.15 No.2

Concentrations of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were simultaneously assessed in urban, rural and residential areas in Jeddah city for one year from January to December 2017. It was aimed in the present study to provide information about the spatial and seasonal variability of these aerosol species in Jeddah, and insight into sources, processes and effects of meteorological conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the variability of carbonaceous aerosols (OC and BC) in Saudi Arabia. The average concentrations of OC, BC, and TSP varied spatially and temporally. The annual average concentrations of OC, BC, and TSP were 134.05, 7.16, and 569.41 μg m-3 and 34.32, 5.14, and 240.64 μg m-3 and 10.67, 4.39 and 101.31 μg m-3 in the urban, residential and rural areas, respectively. Moreover, there was a clear seasonal variation in the concentration of carbonaceous aerosols; the highest concentrations were recorded in February and September, while the lowest concentrations of OC were recorded during April, May and August in the urban, residential and rural sites, respectively. Nevertheless, the lowest concentrations of BC were recorded during March in the urban and residential sites and during November in the rural site. The relative concentrations of OC and BC to the TSP were relatively high, and they have a significant correlation with prevalent wind speed (-0.636, and -0.581 in the urban area), (-0.539 and -0.511 in the residential area), and (-0.508 and -0.501 in the rural area), respectively. The marked differences in the concentrations of BC and OC were reflected on OC/BC ratio, which is a good representative of different source types. This preliminary study showed that the potential local sources were emissions from traffic (fossil fuel), biomass burning, anthropogenic activities (e.g. car drifting and outdoor cooking), and industrial activities. The present study suggest the presence of highly inefficient combustion sources and highlight the need for the regulation of such emissions.

Mechanisms of antimony adsorption onto soybean stover-derived biochar in aqueous solutions

Vithanage, M.,Rajapaksha, A.U.,Ahmad, M.,Uchimiya, M.,Dou, X.,Alessi, D.S.,Ok, Y.S. Academic Press 2015 Journal of environmental management Vol.151 No.-

Limited mechanistic knowledge is available on the interaction of biochar with trace elements (Sb and As) that exist predominantly as oxoanions. Soybean stover biochars were produced at 300 <SUP>o</SUP>C (SBC300) and 700 <SUP>o</SUP>C (SBC700), and characterized by BET, Boehm titration, FT-IR, NMR and Raman spectroscopy. Bound protons were quantified by potentiometric titration, and two acidic sites were used to model biochar by the surface complexation modeling based on Boehm titration and NMR observations. The zero point of charge was observed at pH 7.20 and 7.75 for SBC300 and SBC700, respectively. Neither antimonate (Sb(V)) nor antimonite (Sb(III)) showed ionic strength dependency (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 M NaNO<SUB>3</SUB>), indicating inner sphere complexation. Greater adsorption of Sb(III) and Sb(V) was observed for SBC300 having higher -OH content than SBC700. Sb(III) removal (85%) was greater than Sb(V) removal (68%). Maximum adsorption density for Sb(III) was calculated as 1.88 x 10<SUP>-6</SUP> mol m<SUP>-2</SUP>. The Triple Layer Model (TLM) successfully described surface complexation of Sb onto soybean stover-derived biochar at pH 4-9, and suggested the formation of monodentate mononuclear and binuclear complexes. Spectroscopic investigations by Raman, FT-IR and XPS further confirmed strong chemisorptive binding of Sb to biochar surfaces.

Polyhydrazide Incorporated with Thiadiazole Moiety as Novel and Effective Corrosion Inhibitor for C-Steel in Pickling Solutions of HCl and H2SO4

Abdelwahed R. Sayed,Hany M Abd El-lateef,Ahmad Desoky M. Mohamad 한국고분자학회 2018 Macromolecular Research Vol.26 No.10

In this paper polyhydrazide incorporated with thiadiazole moiety (S5) was prepared and its chemical configuration was confirmed by spectroscopic methods (FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR). The inhibitive action of S5 polymer and its monomer 2,5-dihydrazinyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (M1) on the C-steel corrosion in pickling acids solution was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. PDP method exhibited that the investigated polymer is mixed-type corrosion inhibitor in both acids (HCl and H2SO4). The data revealed that S5 compound is a good inhibitor for Csteel in studied acids, and protection efficiency (P%) follows this sequence: H2SO4<HCl. Also, it was found that, the P% of the S5 polymer is higher than that obtained for its monomer (M1). Adsorption of the titled polymer obeyed the isotherm of Langmuir and involves both chemical and physical adsorptions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations established the protective layer formation from the studied polymer on the metal substrate and shield it from direct Cl- and/ or SO4 2- attack.

6-Shogaol and 10-Shogaol Synergize Curcumin in Ameliorating Proinflammatory Mediators via the Modulation of TLR4/TRAF6/MAPK and NFκB Translocation

Zhou Xian,Al-Khazaleh Ahmad,Afzal Sualiha,Kao Ming-Hui (Tim),Münch Gerald,Wohlmuth Hans,Leach David,Low Mitchell,Li Chun Guang 한국응용약물학회 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.31 No.1

Extensive research supported the therapeutic potential of curcumin, a naturally occurring compound, as a promising cytokinesuppressive anti-inflammatory drug. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-cytokine activities by combining 6-shogaol and 10-shogaol to curcumin, and associated mechanisms in modulating lipopolysaccharides and interferon-ɣ-induced proinflammatory signaling pathways. Our results showed that the combination of 6-shogaol-10-shogaolcurcumin synergistically reduced the production of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor and interlukin- 6 in lipopolysaccharides and interferon-γ-induced RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells assessed by the combination index model. 6-shogaol-10-shogaol-curcumin also showed greater inhibition of cytokine profiling compared to that of 6-shogaol-10-shogaol or curcumin alone. The synergistic anti-inflammatory activity was associated with supressed NFκB translocation and downregulated TLR4-TRAF6-MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, SC also inhibited microRNA-155 expression which may be relevant to the inhibited NFκB translocation. Although 6-shogaol-10-shogaol-curcumin synergistically increased Nrf2 activity, the anti-inflammatory mechanism appeared to be independent from the induction of Nrf2. 6-shogaol-10-shogaol-curcumin provides a more potent therapeutic agent than curcumin alone in synergistically inhibiting lipopolysaccharides and interferon-γ induced proinflammatory mediators and cytokine array in macrophages. The action was mediated by the downregulation of TLR4/TRAF6/MAPK pathway and NFκB translocation.

Insights into the Incidence of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus Causing Yellowing Disease of Watermelon in Western and Southwestern Regions of Saudi Arabia

M. H. Ahmad,M. T. Shakeel,I. M. Al-Shahwan,M. A. Al-Saleh,M. A. Amer 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.5

During the spring season of 2014, a total of 148 melon and watermelon leaf samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants in the western and southwestern regions of Saudi Arabia and were tested for the presence of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) and other suspected cucurbit viruses by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Ninety-eight samples were found to be positive for the presence of WmCSV, nine samples were positive for the presence of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), and 22 showed a mixed infection with both WmCSV and CYSDV. No other cucurbit viruses were detected in any of the samples. Host range experiments revealed that eight out of fourteen tested plant species were susceptible to WmCSV. PCR products of approximately 1.2 kb were obtained after amplification using primers specifically targeting the coat protein region of WmCSV. Positive PCR results were confirmed by dot blot hybridization. Coat protein gene sequences from eleven WmCSV isolates indicated that the highest identity was between the 104WMA-SA isolate from the Wadi Baish location and a previously reported isolate from the AL-Lith location in Saudi Arabia. The lowest identity was observed between the 42WMA-SA isolate and an isolate from Palestine.

The Direct Strain Feedback With PID Control Approach For A Flexible Manipulator

M. Z. M Tumari,M.A Ahmad,M.S Saealal,M. A. Zawawi,Z. Mohamed,N. M. Yusop 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Flexible manipulator (FM) is a robotic arm that can accomplish different tasks and the arm is a lightweight type, which means at least one dimension of their cross section is relatively small compared to their length. This project presents the development of direct strain feedback (DSFB) with PID controller for vibration control of a FM system. Strain gauge is the main sensor used as a strain measurement for giving a feedback to the system. The strain measurement also has been used as a displacement sensor at the endpoint of the link. The displacement was used to observe the performance of the system. The performances of the controllers are assessed in terms of the input tracking capability (desired position) and vibration reduction as compared to original system. Finally, the DSFB with PID has been implemented to achieve the desired performance.

Degradation of Bradykinin, a Cardioprotective Substance, during a Single Passage through Isolated Rat-Heart

Ahmad M.,Zeitlin I.J.,Parratt J.R.,Pitt A.R. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.3

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have cardioprotective effects in different species including human. This cardioprotective effect is mainly due to the inhibition of bradykinin (BK) degradation rather than inhibition of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensir. II. Bradykinin, a nonapeptide, has been considered to be the potential target for various enzymes including ACE, neutral endopeptidase 24.11, carboxypeptidase M, carboxypeptidase N, proline aminopeptidase, endopeptidase 24.15, and meprin. In the present study, the coronary vascular beds of Sprague Dawley rat isolated hearts were perfused (single passage) with Krebs solution alone or with different concentrations of BK i.e. $2.75{\times}10^{-10},\;10^{-7},\;10^{-6}\;and\;10^{-5}M$ solution. Percent degradation of BK was determined by radioimmunoassay. The degradation products of BK after passing through the isolated rat-hearts were determined using RP-HPLC and mass spectroscopy. All the four doses of BK significantly decreased the perfusion pressure during their passage through the hearts. The percentage degradation of all four doses was decreased as the concentration of drug was increased, implying saturation of a fixed number of active sites involved in BK degradation. Bradykinin during a single passage through the hearts degraded to give [1-7]-BK as the major metabolite, and [1-8]-BK as a minor metabolite, detected on HPLC. Mass spectroscopy not only confirmed the presence of these two metabolites but also detected traces of [1-5]-BK and arginine. These findings showed that primarily ACE is the major cardiac enzyme involved in the degradation of bradykinin during a single passage through the coronary vascular of bed the healthy rat heart, while carboxypeptidase M may have a minor role.