A Techno-Economic Investigation of Wind Power Potential in Coastal Belt of Sindh: Preventing Energy Crisis in Pakistan

Bhagat Kalsoom,Ye Shengyong,Dai Chaohua,Lian Jingru,Bhayo M. Zubair 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.6

Pakistan has been facing an energy crisis for many years. Techno-economic analysis of wind power generation is carried out to meet energy demand. Wind data from 2016 to 2018 has been selected for a coastal site of Sindh, Pakistan. For this purpose, four distribution functions, namely Weibull, Gamma, Rayleigh, and Lognormal are used. These distribution functions are compared using the coeffi cient of determination (R 2 ) and root mean square error tests. Wind potential on a daily, monthly, yearly and seasonal basis is evaluated. In this regard, various turbine models are selected to estimate their power generation capacity. The assessment results for a hub height of 100 m shows the average wind speed for three years is 7.9 m/s with direction dominated between the West and Southwest. The most probable wind speed is 9.5 m/s having a maximum energy density of 455 kWh/m 2 in May. The maximum mean wind speed of 8.55 m/s is in the spring. The Weibull distribution function (k = 2.92 & C = 8.86 m/s) performs the best. The maximum capacity factor for Fuhrlander LLC WTU 3.0–120 is 55.49% and for Siemens SWT-3.15–142 is 55.22%. Likewise, the estimated lowest LCOE ($/1kWh) for Fuhrlander LLC WTU 3.0–120 and Siemens SWT-3.15–142 is $0.04016 and $0.04035 respectively. Thus, this site contains suitable technical and economic characteristics of the wind power plant.

Association of thromboxane A2 receptor (<i>TBXA2R</i>) gene polymorphism in patients with aspirin‐intolerant acute urticaria

Palikhe, N. S.,Kim, S.‐,H.,Lee, H.‐,Y.,Kim, J.‐,H.,Ye, Y.‐,M.,Park, H.‐,S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Clinical and experimental allergy Vol.41 No.2

<P>Cite this as: N. S. Palikhe, S.‐H. Kim,H.‐Y. Lee, J.‐H. Kim, Y.‐M. Ye and H.‐S. Park, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 179–185.</P><P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background </B> The thromboxane A2 receptor (<I>TBXA2R</I>) is a potent broncho‐ and vaso‐constrictor and is associated with leukotriene synthesis. Polymorphisms in the <I>TBXA2R</I> gene have been linked to atopy, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. This study evaluated the association between genetic <I>TBXA2R</I> variants and the development of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA)‐intolerant acute urticaria (AIAU).</P><P><B>Methods </B> AIAU patients (<I>n</I>=167), ASA‐intolerant chronic urticaria (AICU) patients (<I>n</I>=149), and healthy controls (NC) (<I>n</I>=265) were included. All patients were enrolled at Ajou University Hospital in Suwon, Korea. Two <I>TBXA2R</I> polymorphisms (−4684T>C and 795T>C) were genotyped by primer extension using a SNAPshot ddNTP primer extension kit. Luciferase activity was measured using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay kit. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed using a nuclear extract from a human mast cell line (HMC‐1).</P><P><B>Results </B> Genetic association data demonstrated that compared with NC subjects, AIAU patients had a significantly higher frequency of the homozygous TT genotype of <I>TBXA2R</I>−4684T>C (<I>P=</I>0.005, <I>P</I><SUB>corr</SUB>=0.03). No differences were identified between the AICU and the NC groups. Luciferase activity, reflecting promoter activity, was significantly lower with the <I>TBXA2R</I>−4684T‐containing construct than with the −4684C‐containing construct (<I>P</I><0.001); the activity decreased further upon co‐transfection with ETS‐like gene transcription factor‐1 (ELK‐1) (<I>P=</I>0.012). EMSA revealed that the −4684T allele produced a specific shifted band, with a greater affinity than that produced by the −4684C allele.</P><P><B>Conclusion and clinical relevance </B> These results suggest that the <I>TBXA2R</I>−4684T allele may be associated with lower TBXA2R expression, which may contribute to the development of the AIAU phenotype.</P>

Effect of heat treatment and number of passes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed AZ91C magnesium alloy

M. Dadashpour,R. Yeşildal,A. Mostafapour,V. Rezazade 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.2

In this paper, the effect of heat treatment and number of passes on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed AZ91C magnesium alloy samples were investigated. From six samples of as-cast AZ91C magnesium alloy, three plates were pre-heated at temperature of 375°C for 3 hours, and then were treated at temperature of 415 °C for 18 hours and finally were cooled down in air. Three plates were relinquished without heat treatment. 8 mm thick as-cast AZ91C magnesium alloy plates were friction stir processed at constant traverse speed of 40 mm/min and tool rotation speed of 1250 rpm. After process, microstructural characterization of samples was analyzed using optical microscopy and tensile and Vickers hardness tests were performed. It was found that heat treated samples had finer grains, higher hardness, improved tensile strength and elongation relative to non-heat treated ones. As the number of passes increased, higher UTS and TE were achieved due to finer grains and more dissolution of β phase (Mg 17 Al 12 ). The micro-hardness characteristics and tensile improvement of the friction stir processed samples depend significantly on grain size, removal of voids and porosities and dissolution of β phase in the stir zone.

Molecular Evaluation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Products in Turkey

Emmanuel Owusu Kyere,Ece Bulut,M. Dilek Avşaroğlu,Yeşim Soyer 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

Some strains of Escherichia coli can be important food borne pathogens. Characterization and antimicrobial resistance testing of 28 E. coli isolates from random food samples obtained in Van, Turkey were performed. Primers for 6 indicator genes (fliC, stx1, stx2, eae, hlyA, and rfbE) for shiga toxin-producing E. coli and 5 indicator genes for each pathogroup (bfpA, aggR, ipaH, daaD, st, and lt) were used. E. coli isolates were also typed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis with the XbaI restriction enzyme. Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method for 17 antimicrobials. E. coli isolates were non-pathogenic strains represented by 25 distinguishable PFGE patterns. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that more than 40% of the E. coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, sulphafurazole, and tetracycline. Antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal E. coli should be monitored because these bacteria are becoming reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes.

액체 크로마토그래피-고분해능 질량분석기(LC-QTOF)을 활용한 농약 라이브러리 구축 연구

신용호 ( Yongho Shin ),정문주 ( Mun-ju Jeong ),안우석 ( Woo-seok Ahn ),김소희 ( So-hee Kim ),이윤희 ( Yoon-hee Lee ),이예진 ( Ye-jin Lee ),은혜란 ( Hye-ran Eun ),김수민 ( Su-min Kim ),조형욱 ( Hyeong-wook Jo ),문준관 ( Joon-kwan M 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2022 No.-

신규 화학물질의 등록 및 사용이 매년 증가함에 따라 이들의 모화합물, 대사산물 및 분해산물이 토양 및 하천수 등으로 유입되어 농·축·수산물 및 환경 중 잔류될 경우, 인축 및 생태계에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 기존의 잔류실태조사는 농약 등 잔류물질을 HPLC, GC 또는 quadrupole을 활용한 nominal (tandem) mass spectrometry를 사용하고 있다. 특히 nominal mass spectrometry는 표적분석에는 유리하지만, 추정분석 및 비표적분석이 어려워 잔류물질의 오염사고 시 사전정보가 전혀 없는 미규제물질 검출에는 활용성이 떨어진다. 그러므로 TOF (time-of-flight)와 같은 고분해능 질량분석기의 활용으로 미규제물질의 분석이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 추정분석 및 비표적분석을 위해 표준물질이 확보된 항목에 대한 개별 농약 라이브러리를 구축하였다. 분석기기로는 Shimadzu LCMS-9030을 사용하여 농약 표준품을 분석하였으며, MS1 및 MS2 수준에서 각각 라이브러리를 작성하였다. 분석하고자 하는 농약성분을 적절한 농도로 희석하여 MS1 수준에서 동위원소(isotope) 분석을 실시하였으며 exact mass, 동위원소 존재 비율 등을 확인하였다. 이후 MS2 수준에서의 분석 시에는 CE (collision energy) 값을 각 10 V부터 100 V까지 10 V 단위로 세분화하여 개별 분석함과 동시에 CE spread 기능을 이용해 CE 5-55 V 및 55-105 V 범위에서의 통합 스펙트럼을 각각 확보하였다. MS1과 MS2 스펙트럼 패턴 및 추가 화학물질 정보인 cas number, chemical formula, structure, exact mass 등을 라이브러리에 기입하였다. 매 분석 시 m/z 보정용 tunning solution을 이용하여 스펙트럼 질량정확도를 허용 기준인 ±5 ppm 이내인 것을 확인하여 정확성을 확보하였다. 향후 구축된 농약 라이브러리를 이용하여 표준물질이 확보되지 못한 상황에서도 이를 바탕으로 미규제물질을 추정하고 비표적분석을 통해 농·축·수산물 중 농약 잔류실태조사에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Half-Lives of the Isomeric States ^(102m,g)Rh

Ye. Skakun,S. N. Utenkov,A. N. Dovbnya,S. M. Qaim,H. H. Coenen 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23

The half-lives of the isomeric states ^(102m,g)Rh were determined by measuring their gamma-ray spectra using a Ge(Li)-detector over about 5 years. Two radioactive sources were used for this aim. One of them was produced by the ^(102m,g)Ru(^3He,x)^(102m,g)Rh reaction induced by ^3He ions of 31 MeV bombarding energy from the Julich cyclotron CV28. Another source was made by the photonuclear reaction ^(103)Rh(γ,n)^(102m,g)Rh using 22 MeV bremsstrahlung from the Kharkiv electron linear accelerator. The former reaction preferably populates the high-spin isomeric state and the latter the ground one. The half-lives were determined from the decay curves monitoring the intensities of the 475, (628 + 631), (692 + 695 + 697), 766, and 1046 keV γ-transitions following the ^(102m,g)Rh decay. Average weighted values of the half-lives amount to T^(1/2) = (3.47 ± 0.04) y and T^(1/2) = (207.2 ± 1.7) d for ^(102m)Rh and ^(102g)Rh, respectively.

Subsets of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers exhibit discordance between the CpG island methylator phenotype and MLH1 methylation status

Kim, Jung H,Rhee, Ye-Y,Bae, Jeong-M,Kwon, Hyeong-J,Cho, Nam-Y,Kim, Mi J,Kang, Gyeong H Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2013 Modern pathology Vol.26 No.7

<P>Although the presence of MLH1 methylation in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer generally indicates involvement of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in the development of the tumor, these two conditions do not always correlate. A minority of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers exhibit discordance between CIMP and MLH1 methylation statuses. However, the clinicopathological features of such microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers with discrepant MLH1 methylation and CIMP statuses remain poorly studied. Microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers (n=220) were analyzed for CIMP and MLH1 methylation statuses using the MethyLight assay. Based on the combinatorial CIMP and MLH1 methylation statuses, the microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers were grouped into four subtypes (CIMP-high (CIMP-H) MLH1 methylation-positive (MLH1m+), CIMP-H MLH1 methylation-negative, CIMP-low/0 (CIMP-L/0) MLH1m+, and CIMP-L/0 MLH1 methylation-negative), which were compared in terms of their associations with clinicopathological and molecular features. The CIMP-L/0 MLH1 methylation-negative and CIMP-H MLH1m+ subtypes were predominant, comprising 63.6 and 24.1% of total microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers, respectively. The discordant subtypes, CIMP-H MLH1 methylation-negative and CIMP-L/0 MLH1m+, were found in 5 and 7% of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers, respectively. The CIMP-H MLH1 methylation-negative subtype exhibited elevated incidence rates in male patients and was associated with larger tumor size, more frequent loss of MSH2 expression, increased frequency of KRAS mutation, and advanced cancer stage. The CIMP-L/0 MLH1m+ subtype was associated with onset at an earlier age, a predominance of MLH1 loss, and earlier cancer stage. None of the CIMP-L/0 MLH1m+ subtype patients succumbed to death during the follow-up. Our findings suggest that the discordant subtypes of colorectal cancers exhibit distinct clinicopathological and molecular features, although the proportion of discordant subtypes is low. The microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers of the same CIMP status tended to exhibit different clinicopathological features depending on MLH1 methylation status.</P>

MODELING AND RATIO CONTROL OF AN ELECTROMECHANICAL CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION

M. YE,Y. G. LIU,Y. CHENG 한국자동차공학회 2016 International journal of automotive technology Vol.17 No.2

A new type of electromechanical continuously variable transmission (EMCVT) was investigated. The EMCVT uses a direct current (DC) motor to push the driving pulley, which in turn changes the transmission ratio without a hydraulic system. This paper introduces the principle of the EMCVT and establishes a dynamic ratio control model. Ratio control strategies using both position and speed closed-loop control are proposed. Simulation results show that the simulation ratio curves of the EMCVT follow pre-designed ratios well for ramp and sine curves. Control software is based on MATLAB/ Simulink/Stateflow and MotoHawk platforms. A prototype vehicle equipped with an EMCVT has been developed. Vehicle test results show that the control performance of the EMCVT satisfies the requirements of vehicle operation. The effectiveness of the EMCVT ratio control strategy proposed in this paper is validated with test data for the prototype vehicle.

Pharmacogenetic study of the effects of NK2R G231E G>A and TBX21 H33Q C>G polymorphisms on asthma control with inhaled corticosteroid treatment

Ye, Y-M.,Lee, H-Y.,Kim, S-H.,Jee, Y-K.,Lee, S-K.,Lee, S-H.,Park, H-S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics Vol.34 No.6

<P>Summary</P><P>Background and Objective: </P><P>Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used as maintenance regimens for asthma patients. However, response to ICS shows marked inter-individual variability. Genetic factors have been shown to be potential predictors of responsiveness to ICS. We aimed to evaluate those pharmacogenetic effects on asthma control in further detail.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>Fifty-three mild-to-moderate asthmatics were genotyped for four genetic polymorphisms of four genes: &bgr;2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), adenylate cyclase 9 (ADCY9), neurokinin receptor 2 (NK2R) and T-box 21 (TBX21). The principal clinical outcome was the achievement of asthma control, as assessed using the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. During treatment with ICS, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<SUB>1</SUB>), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were monitored every 4 weeks and twice daily.</P><P>Results: </P><P>Forty-eight of the 53 patients with asthma were in a controlled or partly controlled state after 12 weeks of treatment with ICS, whereas five asthmatics were in an uncontrolled state even after active treatment. Of the four genetic polymorphisms examined, NK2R G231E G>A and TBX21 H33Q C>G were significantly associated with asthma control status (<I>P</I> = 0·041 and <I>P</I> = 0·006). The subjects with wild-type alleles at each polymorphism showed a significant association with the well-controlled or partly controlled state, as compared to those with mutant alleles. At 5–12 weeks after ICS treatment, the NK2R G231E G>A was associated with therapeutic response to ICS, as reflected by improvement in predicted FEV<SUB>1</SUB>%.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>Our results suggest that NK2R G231E G>A and TBX21 H33Q C>G are genetic predictors of response to ICS, at least with respect to asthma control status and changes in FEV<SUB>1</SUB>%, in Korean patients with asthma. Further prospective validation of those associations is necessary.</P>

Standardized Herbal Formula PM012 Decreases Cognitive Impairment and Promotes Neurogenesis in the 3xTg AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Ye, M.,Chung, H. S.,An, Y. H.,Lim, S. j.,Choi, W.,Yu, A. R.,Kim, J. S.,Kang, M.,Cho, S.,Shim, I. HUMANA PRESS INC 2016 Molecular Neurobiology Vol.53 No.8

<P>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no effective treatment. This study investigated whether treatment with the herbal formula PM012 would improve the cognitive function and the pathological features of AD in 3xTg-AD mice. The cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice was assessed using the Morris water maze test and positron-emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F-18] FDG) neuroimaging. The levels of the amyloid beta (A beta) deposits in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Neurogenesis was assessed by quantitative labeling with the DNA marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and the newborn neuron marker doublecortin (DCX). PM012 treatment significantly ameliorated memory deficit in AD mice, as shown by shortened escape latencies and increased time spent in the target zone during probe tests. In addition, PM012 significantly decreased A beta deposits, up-regulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), increased neurogenesis, and improved brain glucose metabolism in the 3xTg-AD mice. These results suggest that PM012 could be a promising treatment for AD.</P>