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Bioremediation of Cd by Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation
Kang, C. H.,Han, S. H.,Shin, Y.,Oh, S. J.,So, J. S. HUMANA PRESS INC 2014 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.172 No.4
Contamination by Cd is a significant environmental problem. Therefore, we examined Cd removal from an environmental perspective. Ureolysis-driven calcium carbonate precipitation has been proposed for use in geotechnical engineering for soil remediation applications. In this study, 55 calcite-forming bacterial strains were newly isolated from various environments. Biomineralization of Cd by calcite-forming bacteria was investigated in laboratory-scale experiments. A simple method was developed to determine the effectiveness of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP). Using this method, we determined the effectiveness of biomineralization for retarding the flow of crystal violet through a 25-mL column. When the selected bacteria were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, high removal rates (99.95 %) of Cd were observed following incubation for 48 h. Samples of solids that formed in the reaction vessels were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The CdCO3 compounds primarily showed a spherical shape. The results of this study demonstrate that MICP-based sequestration of soluble heavy metals via coprecipitation with calcite may be useful for toxic heavy metal bioremediation.
tPA Regulates Neurite Outgrowth by Phosphorylation of LRP5/6 in Neural Progenitor Cells
Lee, S. H.,Ko, H. M.,Kwon, K. J.,Lee, J.,Han, S. H.,Han, D. W.,Cheong, J. H.,Ryu, J. H.,Shin, C. Y. HUMANA PRESS INC 2014 Molecular neurobiology Vol.49 No.1
Despite the important role of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as a neuromodulator in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, its role in neural progenitor cell (NPC) development is not clear yet. We identified that tPA is highly expressed in NPCs compared with neurons. Inhibition of tPA activity or expression using tPA stop, PAI-1, or tPA siRNA inhibited neurite outgrowth from NPCs, while overexpression or addition of exogenous tPA increased neurite outgrowth. The expression of Wnt and beta-catenin as well as phosphorylation of LRP5 and LRP6, which has been implicated in Wnt-beta-catenin signaling, was rapidly increased after tPA treatment and was decreased by tPA siRNA transfection. Knockdown of beta-catenin or LRP5/6 expression by siRNA prevented tPA-induced neurite extension. NPCs obtained from tPA KO mice showed impaired neurite outgrowth compared with WT NPCs. In ischemic rat brains, axon density was higher in the brains transplanted with WT NPCs than in those with tPA KO NPCs, suggesting increased axonal sprouting by NPC-derived tPA. tPA-mediated regulation of neuronal maturation in NPCs may play an important role during development and in regenerative conditions.