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Study on the Performance of Laser Welded Joint of Aluminum Alloys for Car Body
Kutsuna, M.,Kitamura, S.,Shibata, K.,Sakamoto, H.,Tsushima, K. The Korean Welding and Joining Society 2002 International journal of Korean welding society Vol.2 No.2
Considering the fuel consumption of car, a light structure of aluminum alloys is desired fer car body nowadays. However, fusion welding of aluminum alloys has some problems of reduction of joint efficiency, porosity formation and hot cracking. In the present work, investigation to improve the joint performance of laser welded joint has been carried out by addition of Cu, Ni, and Zr to A6NO 1 alloy welds. Aluminum alloy plate of 2.Omm in thickness with filler metal bar was welded by twin beam Nd: YAG laser facility (total power: 5kW). The filler metals were prepared by changing the chemical compositions for adding the elements into the weld metal. Thirteen filler metal bars were prepared and pre-placed into the base metal before welding. Ar gas shielding with a flow rate of 10 1/min was used. The defocusing distance is kept at 0 mm. At travel speeds off 3 to 9 and at laser power of 5kW (front beam 2kW rear beam 3kW), full penetration welds were obtained, whereas at travel speeds of 12 to 18 m/min and same power, partial penetration was observed. The joint efficiency of laser-welded joint was improved by the addition of Cu, Ni, and Zr due to the solid solution hardening, grain refining and precipitation hardening. The type of hardening has been further considered by metallurgical examination.
( M Hakoda ),( K Aburai ),( K Tanaka ),( K Sakai ),( H Sakai ),( M Abe ),( S Hashimoto ),( K Sakamoto ) 한국피부장벽학회 2013 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Stratum Corneum Intercellular Lipid (SCL) plays a key role for the skin barrier function and investigation of its structure and function is crucial for the development of effective trans-dermal delivery of drugs and functional cosmetics. Primary constituents of SCL are simple equi-molar mixture of ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol, though there are multiple varieties of ceramides, fatty acids involved. In order to avoid such complexity of components, there are several model SCLs proposed to investigate the mechanism of percutaneous penetration. Even though, development of simple but relevant model with structural and functional resemblance to the real SCL is still of great importance for the advancement of skin barrier research. Here we propose novel and simple method to prepare model SCL useful to investigate how materials or formulations are interact with skin. After screening of various ceramides and fatty acids with cholesterol, we have chosen equi-molar combination of ceramide3 with oleoyl group, stearic acid and cholesterol as a model SCL. To be an appropriate model to study barrier function, structural uniformity of lamellar layers in the sample is indispensable. After various trials to prepare layered SCL structures including traditional Bangham method for the liposome preparation, we have established novel method for the preparation of model SCL. That is simply to mix three components to melt at 120 °C as clear solution. After quenching to 80 °C, acetate buffer with pH 5.5 is added to be 20 wt% hydrated SCL which is a normal water content as natural stratum corneum (SC). Despite of such a simple preparation method, resulted sample showed highly desirable properties as a model SCL, namely structural characteristics similar to SC by SAXS and DSC analysis and uniformly layered lamellar structure by EM observation. By using this model, interaction and translocation of model SCL to or through SC can be analyzed.
Liver Cancer Working Group Report
Kudo, M.,Han, K. H.,Kokudo, N.,Cheng, A.-L.,Choi, B. I.,Furuse, J.,Izumi, N.,Park, J.-W.,Poon, R. T.,Sakamoto, M. Oxford University Press 2010 Japanese journal of clinical oncology Vol.40 No.suppl1
<P>Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly prevalent disease in many Asian countries, accounting for 75-80% of victims worldwide. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma varies enormously across Asia, but tends to follow the incidences of hepatitis B infection and liver cirrhosis. The incidence and etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan are different from the rest of Asia, but similar to that in Western countries because hepatitis C infection is the main etiological factor in Japan. Hepatitis B virus vaccination programs are showing great success in reducing hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Screening program improves detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma and has some positive impact on survival, but the majority of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Asia still present with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Long-term outcomes following treatment of even early/intermediate or advanced disease are often unsatisfactory because of a lack of effective adjuvant and systemic therapies. Various clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma have been established and are in use. Clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by imaging diagnosis is replacing diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by pathological confirmation. New imaging and treatment techniques are continuously being developed and guidelines should be updated every 3 or 4 years, incorporating new evidence. New molecularly targeted therapies hold great promise. Sorafenib is the first systemic therapy to demonstrate prolonged survival vs. the placebo in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Various other new molecularly targeted agents are currently under investigation.</P>
Zheng, W.,Shen, R. F.,Sakamoto, T.,Beardmore, A. P.,De Pasquale, M.,Wu, X. F.,Gorosabel, J.,Urata, Y.,Sugita, S.,Zhang, B.,Pozanenko, A.,Nissinen, M.,Sahu, D. K.,Im, M.,Ukwatta, T. N.,Andreev, M.,Klun IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.751 No.2
<P>We present a comprehensive analysis of a bright, long-duration (T-90 similar to 257 s) GRB 110205A at redshift z = 2.22. The optical prompt emission was detected by Swift/UVOT, ROTSE-IIIb, and BOOTES telescopes when the gamma-ray burst (GRB) was still radiating in the gamma-ray band, with optical light curve showing correlation with gamma-ray data. Nearly 200 s of observations were obtained simultaneously from optical, X-ray, to gamma-ray (1 eV to 5 MeV), which makes it one of the exceptional cases to study the broadband spectral energy distribution during the prompt emission phase. In particular, we clearly identify, for the first time, an interesting two-break energy spectrum, roughly consistent with the standard synchrotron emission model in the fast cooling regime. Shortly after prompt emission (similar to 1100 s), a bright (R = 14.0) optical emission hump with very steep rise (alpha similar to 5.5) was observed, which we interpret as the reverse shock (RS) emission. It is the first time that the rising phase of an RS component has been closely observed. The full optical and X-ray afterglow light curves can be interpreted within the standard reverse shock (RS) + forward shock (FS) model. In general, the high-quality prompt and afterglow data allow us to apply the standard fireball model to extract valuable information, including the radiation mechanism (synchrotron), radius of prompt emission (R-GRB similar to 3 x 10(13) cm), initial Lorentz factor of the outflow (Gamma(0) similar to 250), the composition of the ejecta (mildly magnetized), the collimation angle, and the total energy budget.</P>
Asahi, H.,Kender, S.,Ikehara, M.,Sakamoto, T.,Takahashi, K.,Ravelo, A.C.,Alvarez Zarikian, C.A.,Khim, B.K.,Leng, M.J. Pergamon Press 2016 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.125 No.-
A continuous composite oxygen isotope (δ<SUP>18</SUP>O) stratigraphy from benthic foraminifera in the Bering Sea was reconstructed in order to provide insight into understanding sea-ice evolution in response to Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Oxygen isotope records from multiple species of benthic foraminifera at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 323 Site U1343 (54<SUP>o</SUP>33.4'N, 176<SUP>o</SUP>49.0'E, water depth 1950m) yield a highly refined orbital-scale age model spanning the last 1.2Ma, and a refined age model between 1.2 and 2.4Ma. An inter-species calibration was used to define species offsets and to successfully obtain a continuous composite benthic δ<SUP>18</SUP>O record, correlated with the global composite benthic δ<SUP>18</SUP>O stack curve LR04 to construct an orbital-scale age model. The consistency of the benthic δ<SUP>18</SUP>O stratigraphy with biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy confirms the reliability of both methods for constraining age. The time difference between cyclic changes in sedimentary physical properties and glacial-interglacial cycles since 0.8Ma is notable, and suggests that physical properties alone cannot be used to construct an orbital-scale age model. Amplitude changes in physical properties and a significant drop in the linear sedimentation rate during glacials after 0.9Ma indicate that the glacial sea-ice edge extended beyond the Bering Sea Slope (Site U1343) at this time.
Symmetry induced peculiar Rashba effect on thallium adsorbed Si(111) surfaces
Sakamoto, K.,Oda, T.,Kimura, A.,Takeichi, Y.,Fujii, J.,Uhrberg, R.I.G.,Donath, M.,Yeom, H.W. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2015 Journal of electron spectroscopy and related pheno Vol.201 No.-
The geometric symmetry of the surface plays an important role for the spin-orbit-induced spin texture of two-dimensional electronic states. This article reviews the peculiar Rashba spins induced by a C<SUB>3</SUB> symmetry, including the completely spin polarized surface states with the polarization vector oriented perpendicular to the surface, i.e. a direction that is not expected in a typical Rashba system. This review also describes that this peculiar Rashba situation has possibility to suppress backscattering and therefore to greatly improve the efficiency of spin transport, which is an essential issue in the development of high-performance semiconductor spintronic devices.
Sakamoto, T.,Troja, E.,Aoki, K.,Guiriec, S.,Im, M.,Leloudas, G.,Malesani, D.,Melandri, A.,de Ugarte Postigo, A.,Urata, Y.,Xu, D.,D'Avanzo, P.,Gorosabel, J.,Jeon, Y.,Sá,nchez-Ramí,rez, R.,A IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.766 No.1
<P>We present our successful Chandra program designed to identify, with subarcsecond accuracy, the X-ray afterglow of the short GRB 111117A, which was discovered by Swift and Fermi. Thanks to our rapid target of opportunity request, Chandra clearly detected the X-ray afterglow, though no optical afterglow was found in deep optical observations. The host galaxy was clearly detected in the optical and near-infrared band, with the best photometric redshift of z = 1.31(-0.23)(+0.46) (90% confidence), making it one of the highest known short gamma-ray burst ( GRB) redshifts. Furthermore, we see an offset of 1.0 +/- 0.2 arcsec, which corresponds to 8.4 +/- 1.7 kpc, between the host and the afterglow position. We discuss the importance of using Chandra for obtaining subarcsecond X-ray localizations of short GRB afterglows to study GRB environments.</P>
M. Hagiwara,T. Sanami,K. Masumoto,Y. Iwamoto,N. Matsuda,Y. Sakamoto,Y. Nakane,H. Nakashima,Y. Uwamino 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Nuclear data on proton-induced neutron and γ-ray production in the energy range from 10 to 20 MeV is important to estimate the shield design and activation of low-energy cyclotron facilities for medical use such as production of radiopharmaceuticals in positron emission tomography (PET). We have measured double-differential thick target yields (TTYs) of neutrons and γ-rays from a ^(18)O-enriched water (H^(18)_2O) target induced by 18 MeV protons in order to estimate leakage radiations from a cyclotron and the neutron-induced activation in the production process of the ^(18)F-tagged fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) which is a common radiopharmaceuticals for PET. Neutrons and γ-rays were measured with 5.08 cm diameter × 5.08 cm long NE213 scintillators for eight laboratory angles between 15- and 150-degrees. After applying a neutron-γ-ray event separation using the pulse-shape-discrimination (PSD) technique the neutron and γ-ray events were analyzed by a time-of-flight (TOF) technique and an unfolding technique, respectively. The measured TTYs were compared with TENDL-2009 data library and the physical model calculations with MCNPX and PHITS. The calculated TTYs roughly agree with the measured data.