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Average Modeling and Control of Module Multilevel Converter
Zhang, GuoJu,Chen, Yao,Qi, Lisa,Yu, Rongrong,Pan, Jiuping The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.4 No.2
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has presents great potential in high power quality, low operation loss, scalability and high reliability, which make MMC a good choice for DC transmission, MV drive and other HV or MV applications. This paper describes the average modeling and control of MMC. Firstly, the operation principles of MMC are analyzed, based on which the average MMC model is deduced. Secondly, the control methods for DC voltage control, circulating current suppression, and capacitor voltage balancing, etc are developed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed average model is verified by comparing the simulation results of an MVDC distribution system using detailed MMC models. The correctness of the designed control methods also demonstrated through simulation. It is also proven to be feasible of using MMC in MVDC applications.
The DISCOVER curriculum model: Nurturing and enhancing creativity in all children
C. June Maker,Omar Muammar,Lisa Serino,Ching Chen Kuang,Ahmed Mohamed,Ugur Sak 한국교육개발원 2006 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.3 No.2
This 3‐year study was designed to assess the impact of the DISCOVER Curriculum Model on the creativity of 2983 Hispanic, Navajo, Caucasian, African American, and Yaqui Indian elementary school children as measured by the Test of Creative thinking‐Drawing Production (TCT‐DP). Teachers (108) of similar ethnicities from 4 elementary schools were observed to determine level of implementation (high, medium, low) of a constructivist‐based curriculum model incorporating Multiple Intelligences theory (Gardner, 1983), the theory of Triarchic Mind (Sternberg, 1985), research on creativity, and principles for education of gifted students. ANOVA results showed significant increases in creativity of students in middle and high implementers’ classrooms in Year 2 and significant interaction effects across all 3 years: as grade level increased, TCT‐DP scores of students in high and middle implementer classrooms while those in low implementers’ classrooms decreased. This study lends support for the use of this model, but additional research is needed.
The focal facial dermal dysplasias: phenotypic spectrum and molecular genetic heterogeneity
Lee, Beom Hee,Aggarwal, Aneel,Slavotinek, Anne,Edelmann, Lisa,Chen, Brenden,Desnick, Robert J British Medical Association 2017 Journal of medical genetics Vol.54 No.9
<P>Focal facial dermal dysplasias (FFDDs) are rare genetic/developmental disorders characterised by bilateral 'scarlike' facial lesions. Four subtypes are classified by the bitemporal (FFDD1-3) or preauricular (FFDD4) lesion location. FFDD1-3 are differentiated by additional facial abnormalities and inheritance patterns. Although the genetic defects causing FFDD1 and FFDD2 remain unknown, recent studies identified defects causing FFDD3 and FFDD4. Here, the clinical phenotypes, genetic defects and inheritance of the four FFDD subtypes are described. In addition, the overlapping facial abnormalities in FFDD3 and two other genetic disorders, Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome and Barber-Say syndrome, are noted. Familiarity with the FFDDs by clinicians will further delineate the phenotypes and genetic/developmental defects of these dermal facial disorders.</P>
Release of mineral-bound water prior to subduction tied to shallow seismogenic slip off Sumatra
Hupers, Andre,Torres, Marta E.,Owari, Satoko,McNeill, Lisa C.,Dugan, Brandon,Henstock, Timothy J.,Milliken, Kitty L.,Petronotis, Katerina E.,Backman, Jan,Bourlange, Sylvain,Chemale Jr., Farid,Chen, We American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2017 Science Vol.356 No.6340
<P>Plate-boundary fault rupture during the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman subduction earthquake extended closer to the trench than expected, increasing earthquake and tsunami size. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 362 sampled incoming sediments offshore northern Sumatra, revealing recent release of fresh water within the deep sediments. Thermal modeling links this freshening to amorphous silica dehydration driven by rapid burial-induced temperature increases in the past 9 million years. Complete dehydration of silicates is expected before plate subduction, contrasting with prevailing models for subduction seismogenesis calling for fluid production during subduction. Shallow slip offshore Sumatra appears driven by diagenetic strengthening of deeply buried fault-forming sediments, contrasting with weakening proposed for the shallow Tohoku-Oki 2011 rupture, but our results are applicable to other thickly sedimented subduction zones including those with limited earthquake records.</P>
Jiayi Wu,Shuning Ding,Linling Yin,Xiaochun Fei,Caijin Lin,Lisa Andriani,Chihwan Goh,Jiahui Huang,Jin Hong,Weiqi Gao,Siji Zhu,Hui Wang,Ou Huang,Xiaosong Chen,Jianrong He,Yafen Li,Kunwei Shen,Weiguo Che 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.3
Purpose This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the distribution pattern and prognostic value of 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in Chinese patients with mucinous breast cancer (MC) and compared with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed with MC or IDC from January 2010 to January 2017 were retrospectively recruited. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay of 21 genes was conducted to calculate the RS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between RS and clinicopathological factors. Survival outcomes including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Results The MC cohort included 128 patients and the IDC cohort included 707 patients. The proportions of patients with a low (RS < 18), intermediate (18-30), or high risk (RS > 30) were 32.0%, 48.4%, and 19.5% in MC cohort, and 26.9%, 46.8% and 26.3% in IDC cohort. The distribution of RS varied significantly according to different Ki-67 index and molecular subtype in both cohorts. Moreover, the receipt of chemotherapy was associated with RS in both cohorts. Among patients with MC, tumor stage was related to the DFS (p=0.040). No significant differences in DFS and OS were found among MC patients in different RS risk groups (OS, p=0.695; DFS, p=0.926). Conclusion RS was significantly related to Ki-67 index and molecular subtypes in MC patients, which is similar in IDC patients. However, RS was not able to predict DFS and OS in patients with MC.
Detecting small lung tumors in mouse models by refractive-index microradiology
Chien, Chia-Chi,Zhang, Guilin,Hwu, Y.,Liu, Ping,Yue, Weisheng,Sun, Jianqi,Li, Yan,Xue, Hongjie,Xu, Lisa X.,Wang, Chang Hai,Chen, Nanyow,Lu, Chien Hung,Lee, Ting-Kuo,Yang, Yuh-Cheng,Lu, Yen-Ta,Ching, Y Springer-Verlag 2011 ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Vol.401 No.3
Air Pollution and Suicide in 10 Cities in Northeast Asia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Analysis
Kim, Yoonhee,Ng, Chris Fook Sheng,Chung, Yeonseung,Kim, Ho,Honda, Yasushi,Guo, Yue Leon,Lim, Youn-Hee,Chen, Bing-Yu,Page, Lisa A.,Hashizume, Masahiro Environmental Health Perspectives 2018 Environmental health perspectives Vol.126 No.3
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>There is growing evidence suggesting an association between air pollution and suicide. However, previous findings varied depending on the type of air pollutant and study location.</P><P><B>Objectives:</B></P><P>We examined the association between air pollutants and suicide in 10 large cities in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>We used a two-stage meta-analysis. First, we conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis to estimate the short-term association between nitrogen dioxide ([FORMULA OMISSION]), sulfur dioxide ([FORMULA OMISSION]), and particulate matter [aerodynamic diameter [FORMULA OMISSION] ([FORMULA OMISSION]), aerodynamic diameter [FORMULA OMISSION] ([FORMULA OMISSION]), and [FORMULA OMISSION]] and suicide, adjusted for weather factors, day-of-week, long-term time trends, and season. Then, we conducted a meta-analysis to combine the city-specific effect estimates for [FORMULA OMISSION], [FORMULA OMISSION], and [FORMULA OMISSION] across 10 cities and for [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION] across 3 cities. We first fitted single-pollutant models, followed by two-pollutant models to examine the robustness of the associations.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Higher risk of suicide was associated with higher levels of [FORMULA OMISSION], [FORMULA OMISSION], [FORMULA OMISSION], and [FORMULA OMISSION] over multiple days. The combined relative risks (RRs) were 1.019 for [FORMULA OMISSION] (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.999, 1.039), 1.020 for [FORMULA OMISSION] (95% CI: 1.005, 1.036), 1.016 for [FORMULA OMISSION] (95% CI: 1.004, 1.029), and 1.019 for [FORMULA OMISSION] (95% CI: 1.005, 1.033) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 0–1 d average level of each pollutant. We found no evidence of an association for [FORMULA OMISSION]. Some of the associations, particularly for [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION], were attenuated after adjusting for a second pollutant.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Our findings suggest that higher levels of air pollution may be associated with suicide, and further research is merited to understand the underlying mechanisms. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2223</P>
Liu Ying,Zhang Xin,Zhang Li,Oliver Brian G,Wang Hong Guang,Liu Zhi Peng,Chen Zhi Hong,Wood Lisa,Hsu Alan Chen-Yu,Xie Min,McDonald Vanessa,Wan Hua Jing,Luo Feng Ming,Liu Dan,Li Wei Min,Wang Gang 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.14 No.4
Purpose: The molecular links between metabolism and inflammation that drive different inflammatory phenotypes in asthma are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the metabolic signatures and underlying molecular pathways of different inflammatory asthma phenotypes. Methods: In the discovery set (n = 119), untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to characterize the induced sputum metabolic profiles of asthmatic patients with different inflammatory phenotypes using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and pathway topology enrichment analysis. In the validation set (n = 114), differential metabolites were selected to perform targeted quantification. Correlations between targeted metabolites and clinical indices in asthmatic patients were analyzed. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were established to assess the association between metabolites and severe asthma exacerbations. Results: Seventy-seven differential metabolites were identified in the discovery set. Pathway topology analysis uncovered that histidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were involved in the pathogenesis of different asthma phenotypes. In the validation set, 24 targeted quantification metabolites were significantly expressed between asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Finally, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (adjusted relative risk [adj RR] = 1.000; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.050), allantoin (adj RR = 1.000; 95% CI = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.043) and nicotinamide (adj RR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.000–1.002; P = 0.021) were demonstrated to predict severe asthma exacerbation rates. Conclusions: Different inflammatory asthma phenotypes have specific metabolic profiles in induced sputum. The potential metabolic signatures may identify therapeutic targets in different inflammatory asthma phenotypes.