Tracking the movement trajectory of newly emerged adult Chinese citrus flies with insect harmonic radar

Zhang-Zhang He,Jie Luo,Lian-You Gui,Deng-Ke Hua,Tian-Hua Du,Fu-Lian Wang,Peng Liang,Yong-Fang Shi,Xuan Yang 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3

Previous work reveals that the adult Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), emerges from the ground in citrus orchards and presumably disperses to alternate food sources in neighboring shrubs and trees, where it stays and becomes reproductively mature, and then later returns to the orchard to lay eggs. We investigated the trajectories of early emerged adult Chinese citrus flies, which were tracked with portable harmonic radar in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 in four different habitats in Hubei province of China that presumably provided food sources for adults. This study we investigated whether early emerged adult Chinese citrus flies migrate into forests. A total of 47 adults were tracked following release in a citrus orchard. Our results showed that a total of 33 adults released in a citrus orchard flew into the forest, and 14 adults that disappeared during the tracking process in the citrus orchard. A total of 10 adults (in 2014) that were tracked and released in the forest flew to the forest. Of the adult flies investigated, 54.5% flew directly into the forest, while the remaining 45.5% finally arrived in the forest after repeatedly adjusting their trajectories. When there were Castanea mollissima Blume (Fagaceae) in the surrounding forest, the proportion of frequency of adult landing on the plant represented 58.3% and 88.5% of landing on all species in 2014 and in 2015, respectively. We conclude that early emerged adult Chinese citrus flies in the mosaic-type citrus orchard of the hilly terrain landform dispersed into adjacent forest.

Preparation of High-density YAG/ZrB2 Multi-phase Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering

Lian-Meng Zhang,Jie-Guang Song,Jun-Guo Li,Jian-Rong Song 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2007 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.8 No.5

ZrB2 and YAG are widely applied because of some excellent properties, but ZrB2 is difficult to prepare as a high-density ceramic, and it is easily oxidized in high temperature air, which limits the application of ZrB2 materials. To obtain high-density for better oxidation resistance ZrB2 ceramic materials, in this paper, Al2O3 and Y2O3 are added into ZrB2 raw material to prepare high-density YAG/ZrB2 multi-phase ceramics by spark plasma sintering. Through the above analysis, it is proposed that 1600oC is regarded as a critical sintering temperature (Tc) to fabricate YAG/ZrB2 multi-phase ceramics. Only if the sintering temperature is higher than Tc, can a nearly full density composite be achieved. The microstructure of sintered YAG/ ZrB2 multi-phase ceramics after 4 minutes at 1600oC is a better compact, the density and relative density are 5.5865 g/cm3 and 99.40% respectively, which indicates that high-density YAG/ZrB2 multi-phase ceramics have been fabricated successfully. ZrB2 and YAG are widely applied because of some excellent properties, but ZrB2 is difficult to prepare as a high-density ceramic, and it is easily oxidized in high temperature air, which limits the application of ZrB2 materials. To obtain high-density for better oxidation resistance ZrB2 ceramic materials, in this paper, Al2O3 and Y2O3 are added into ZrB2 raw material to prepare high-density YAG/ZrB2 multi-phase ceramics by spark plasma sintering. Through the above analysis, it is proposed that 1600oC is regarded as a critical sintering temperature (Tc) to fabricate YAG/ZrB2 multi-phase ceramics. Only if the sintering temperature is higher than Tc, can a nearly full density composite be achieved. The microstructure of sintered YAG/ ZrB2 multi-phase ceramics after 4 minutes at 1600oC is a better compact, the density and relative density are 5.5865 g/cm3 and 99.40% respectively, which indicates that high-density YAG/ZrB2 multi-phase ceramics have been fabricated successfully.

Current development situation about controller of Quad-Rotors

Zhang Lian Chuan,Deok Jin Lee(이덕진),Kill To Chong(정길도) 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 각 지부별 자료집 Vol.2014 No.12

SNPs in the coding region of bovine MGAT2 gene are associated with body weight and weight gain

Lian Qu,Mingjuan Yang,Jinlong Zhu,Junxia Liu,Mijie Li,Liangzhi Zhang,Xianyong Lan,Chuzhao Lei,Chunlei Zhang,Hong Chen 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.3

Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2), as a candidate gene for quantitative traits, relates to dietary fat uptake, lipids synthesis and storage, which plays a major role in the absorption of dietary fat by catalyzing the resynthesis of triacylglycerol in enterocytes. In this study, based on DNA pool sequencing and PCR‐RFLP methods, polymorphisms of the MGAT2 gene were detected in 1145 Chinese indigenous cattle. The results revealed two novel mutations located on exon 1and exon 5 (NM_001099136.1:m.84G>T and 756A>G). Hence, we described the HaeIII forced PCR–RFLP method in exon1 and a MluI PCR–RFLP method in exon5 to detect them. In addition, the associations of these polymorphisms with growth traits were evaluated in Nanyang cattle. The results showed that only HaeIII locus was associated with body weight and average daily gain aged 6 months, and individuals with genotype TT showed significantly higher body weight and average daily gain than those with genotype GG.

Control synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles under UV irradiation in aqueous system

Lian-ying Zhang,Xin-jun Zhu,Han-wen Sun,Gui-rong Chi,Jun-xiao Xu,Yong-ling Sun 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3

Novel magnetic Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized via photochemical method in an emulsifier-free aqueous system at room temperature for the first time. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles were in regular shape with a mean diameter of 41 nm, whereas the average size in aqueous solution measured by photocorrelation spectroscopy (PCS) was 64 nm, which indicated that the nanoparticles had waterswelling properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were pure Fe3O4 with a spinel structure, and the irradiation under UV light did not result in a phase change. The Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Magnetic measurement revealed that the saturated magnetization (Ms) of the Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles reached 48.6 emu/g and the nanoparticles showed the characteristics of superparamagnetism. The stability test showed these novel nanoparticles had high magnetic stability. The PCS and TGA results indicated that the size and chitosan content of Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles formed was pH- and chitosan/Fe3O4 ratio-dependent,which could be used to synthesize magnetic Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles with different size to meet the requirements of different applications.

An Updated Meta-analysis Between the Association of XRCC1 Arg399Gln Polymorphism and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk

Zhang, Xiao-Lian,Lu, Yu,Yang, Shi,Peng, Qi-Liu,Wang, Jian,Xie, Li,Deng, Yan,He, Yu,Li, Tai-Jie,Qin, Xue,Li, Shan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.7

Background: Various studies have evaluated the relationship between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, but the conclusions have been inconsistent and underpowered. The purpose of this updated meta-analysis was to examine whether XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism confers susceptibility to HCC. Methods: Eligible studies extracted from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, VIP (chinese) and CNKI (chinese) up to November 2013 were included in the study. Pooled odds ratio (OR) together with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated to evaluate XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and HCC risk. Results: Finally, 21 studies with 4,170 cases and 5,030 controls were involved in our meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that there was significant association between Arg399Gln polymorphism and HCC risk under two contrast models in overall populations (AG vs GG: OR=1.265, 95%CI=1.036-1.545, p=0.021; AA+AG vs GG: OR=1.240, 95%CI=1.021-1.506, p=0.030). In subgroup analyses, significant association was found in Asians (A vs G: OR=1.175, 95%CI=1.013-1.362, p=0.033; AG vs GG: OR=1.317, 95%CI=1.070-1.622, p=0.009; AA+AG vs GG: OR=1.289, 95%CI=1.055-1.575, p=0.013) and Caucasians (A vs G: OR=0.591, 95%CI=0.361-0.966, p=0.036; AA+AG vs GG: OR=0.468, 95%CI=0.234-0.934, p=0.031). Conclusions: The results suggest that XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism may increase HCC risk especially among Asians. However, XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism might act as a protective role against HCC among Caucasians.

The Impact of Risk Perception on Developing Incentive Systems for Relational Contracting

Lian-Ying Zhang,Fei Li 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.5

Financial incentives, specifically refer to risk/reward sharing arrangements, have been seen as an important way of facilitating relational contracting. Although there has been a great interest in developing appropriate incentive systems, still very little literature focuses on the impact of risk perception on risk/reward sharing arrangements. Taking into account risk characteristics in relational contracting, this study proposes a theoretical model in order to extend the understanding of relational and performance risk perception to the formulation of financial incentives from social and individual perspectives, and then validates the model for assessing the relationships among social and individual factors, risk perception and financial incentives with structural equation modeling in the context of integrated project teams. Data collected from 238 members in China can provide support for the proposed model. The results demonstrate that both relational and performance risk perception are significantly related to financial incentive, and social interaction ties, trust, shared vision, control ability and self-efficacy can reduce participants’ perceived level of risk. This study suggests that participants’ social capital and individual cognition should not be ignored when developing incentive systems for relational contracting.

Overexpression of NDRG2 Can Inhibit Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation through Negative Regulation by CYR61

Zhang, Zhi-Guo,Li, Gang,Feng, Da-Yun,Zhang, Jian,Zhang, Jing,Qin, Huai-Zhou,Ma, Lian-Ting,Gao, Guo-Dong,Wu, Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Several recent studies have showed that the n-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a new tumor suppressor gene, and that it plays an important role in tumor suppression in several cancers or cancer cell lines. However, few studies focused on its function in neuroblastoma cells. In the present investigation, we demonstrated that NDRG2 overexpression inhibited their proliferation. Using a cDNA microarray, we found that overexpression of NDRG2 inhibited the expression of cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61), a proliferation related gene. From our research, CYR61 may partially hinder NDRG2-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Overexpression of NDRG2 resulted in accumulation of cells in the G1 phase, which was accompanied by upregulation of p21 and p27 and downregulation of CDK4 and cyclin D1. Taken together, these data indicate that NDRG2 inhibits the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells partially through suppression of CYR61. Our findings offer novel insights into the physiological roles of NDRG2 in neuroblastoma cell proliferation, and NDRG2 may prove to be effective candidate for the treatment of children with neuroblastoma.

Identification and Functional Analysis of the Chain Length Determinant Gene ste8 Involved in the Biosynthesis of Ebosin by Streptomyces sp.139

( Zhang Yang ),( Xiao Hua Li ),( Xiao Qaing Qi ),( Jun Jie Shan ),( Rong Jiang ),( Lian Hong Guo ),( Ren Zhang ),( Yuan Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.11

Ebosin, a novel exopolysaccharide produced by Streptomyces sp. 139, has obvious antirheumatic arthritis activity in vivo, and its biosynthesis gene cluster (ste), consisting of 27 open reading frames, has been identified. This paper reports our study of the gene functionality of ste8, the predicted protein product of which is homologous to some bacterial chain length determinant Wzz proteins. For characterization of Ste8, ste8 was cloned and expressed in the mutant strain E. coli 086:H2 (Δwzz). The functional complementation of wzz by ste8 was demonstrated by the restoration of wild-type lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and increased levels of serum resistance of E. coli 086:H2 (Δwzz) (pET30a-ste8). To examine the function of ste8 in ebosin biosynthesis, the gene was knocked out with a double crossover via homologous recombination. The molecular weight of the ebosin derivative EPS-8m produced by the mutant Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste8-) was much lower than that of ebosin, and the binding activity of EPS-8m for IL-1R decreased significantly compared with ebosin. These results demonstrate that ste8 encodes a chain length determinant (Wzz) that functions in ebosin biosynthesis.

The Choice Between Wholly-Owned Subsidiary and Joint Venture of Korean MNCs in China

Lian Zhang(장련),Jae-Eun Lee(이재은) 연세대학교 경영연구소 2014 연세경영연구 Vol.51 No.2

해외시장 진입방법의 선택은 다국적 기업의 생존과 성과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요인들 중 하나로 간주되기 때문에 국제경영 분야의 많은 학자들은 진입방법의 선택에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 규명하기 위한 노력을 기울여 왔다. 본 연구에서는 다국적 기업의 일반적인 해외 경험과 중국시장의 지역적 특성에 초점을 맞추고, 이러한 요인들이 완전소유 자회사(WOS)와 합작투자(JV)의 선택에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고 있다. 2000년부터 2007년의 기간 동안 중국의 다양한 지역에 진출한 798개 한국 다국적 기업 해외 자회사를 대상으로 실증분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국에 진출한 다국적 기업의 일반적인 해외 경험과 중국경험이 풍부할수록 한국 다국적 기업은 진입방식으로 완전소유 자회사 보다는 합작투자를 선호한다는 증거를 발견하였다. 둘째, 진출하고자 하는 중국내 지역에 외국기업의 비중이 높을수록 기반시설이 잘 발달되어 있을수록, 해당 지역으로 진출하려는 한국 다국적 기업은 진입방식으로 합작투자 방식 보다 완전소유 자회사의 설립을 선호하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 본 논문은 중국시장을 동일한 특성을 지닌 하나의 시장으로 보기 보다는 여러 상이한 특성을 지닌 지역들을 포함하는 시장으로 이해하고, 다국적 기업의 일반적인 해외 경험과 중국시장의 지역적 특성과 진입방식의 선택 간의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 본 연구의 실증분석 결과는 한국 다국적 기업의 중국시장 진입방법 선택을 보다 심층적으로 이해할 수 있는 이론적 시사점과 더불어 중국으로의 진출을 고려하는 다국적 기업에게 유용한 실무적 시사점을 제공해줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In international management, entry mode choice is considered one of the most critical decisions that may determine MNCs’ survival and performance in the foreign market. In this paper, it investigates the choice between wholly-owned subsidiary and joint venture of Korean MNCs in China, focusing on the effects of their international experience and the sub-regional characteristics of the Chinese market. The results show that a foreign entrant’s general international experience and Chinese experience have negative effects on the probability of choosing a wholly-owned subsidiary over a joint venture. On the other hand, some sub-regional conditions such as a higher proportion of foreign firms and a higher level of infrastructure development in a specific sub-region in China are found to induce foreign entrants to choose a wholly owned subsidiary over a joint venture, when they enter the sub-region. In this way, this paper has significance in considering Chinese market as composition of regions with distinctive characteristics and investigating the influence of MNC’s international experience and sub-regional characteristic of Chinese market on the entry mode choice. Moreover, this paper not only provides theoretical implications in understanding entry mode choice of Korean MNEs into Chinese market but also supplies valuable practical implications for the MNEs which are considering to enter into Chinese market.