Investigation on the role of necroptosis in alopecia areata: A preliminary study

( Yong Hyun Jang ),( Sun Young Moon ),( Weon Ju Lee ),( Seok Jong Lee ),( Mei Ling Jin ),( Sang Hyun Kim ),( Do Won Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2

Background: There are three modes of programmed cell death, namely, apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. Among them, necroptosis shows morphological features similar to necrosis. However, unlike necrosis, cell death in necroptosis is highly regulated by a programmed intracellular platform, as in apoptosis. Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of necroptosis in alopecia areata (AA) patients and its contribution to cell death following autoimmunity in AA. Methods: We collected human scalp skin samples of 15 patients (6 men and 9 women, 36.1【 4.0 years) with AA and scalp samples of 13 healthy persons (9 men and 4 women, 48.4【 5.6 years) as controls. The mRNAexpression of RIP3, RIP1, MLKL and caspase-8 was evaluated by real- time PCR. Protein expression of RIP3 and RIP1 was also examined by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results: RIP3, RIP1, and MLKL mRNA expressions were not upregulated in the lesional scalp skin of AA patients compared to that in controls and the expression level of caspase-8 mRNA was also not significantly different. Moreover, RIP3 and RIP1 protein expressions were not upregulated in the lesional skin of AA patients compared with normal skin. Conclusion: The results of our preliminary study suggest that necroptosis is not involved in the pathogenesis of AA. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the potential role of necroptosis in AA and other inflammatory hair diseases.

Review of the Synthetic Techniques and Applications of the Quantum Dots/Graphene Composites

Yong Duan,Tianjian Zeng,Tao Sun,Ling Tong,Anran Chen,Jin Zhang,Rongfei Wang,Chong Wang,Yu Yang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2018 NANO Vol.13 No.5

The Quantum Dots/Graphene (QDs/GR) composites have attracted numerous interests caused by its unique physical and chemical properties in past few decades. The shortages of the single QD and graphene materials could be remedied by the synergistic effects from QDs/GR composite materials; meanwhile, some unique phenomena and superior physical properties were also produced. The QDs/GR composites processed better photocatalytic activities, higher photon capture abilities and excellent optical responsibilities. Therefore, they were widely applied in various techniques. Here, we reviewed and discussed recent research progresses about the QDs/GR composites and focused on their industrial preparation and commercial applications. Among these synthetic methods, ion beam sputtering deposition (IBSD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were discussed in detail because they could be directly applied in commercial industry for preparing size-tunable quantum dots. In another part, the applications of the QDs/GR composites were also discussed, the advanced physical and chemical properties promoted these composites to have numerous potential for being applied in photodetectors, lithium ion batteries, solar cells, supercapacitors and other devices. The appropriate synthetic method for QDs/GR materials is highly dependent on the requirements of its applications. We firmly believe that the direct synthesis technique of ideal QDs/GR composite for specific applications is a challenge and research emphasis for scientist and engineers in future.

Actin nucleator Arp2/3 complex is essential for mouse preimplantation embryo development

Sun, Shao-Chen,Wang, Qing-Ling,Gao, Wei-Wei,Xu, Yong-Nan,Liu, Hong-Lin,Cui, Xiang-Shun,Kim, Nam-Hyung CSIRO Publishing 2013 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.25 No.4

<P> The Arp2/3 complex is a critical actin nucleator, which promotes actin assembly and is widely involved in a diverse range of actin-related processes such as cell locomotion, phagocytosis and the establishment of cell polarity. Previous studies showed that the Arp2/3 complex regulates spindle migration and asymmetric division during mouse oocyte maturation; however, the role of the Arp2/3 complex in early mouse embryo development is still unknown. The results of the present study show that the Arp2/3 complex is critical for cytokinesis during mouse embryo development. The Arp2/3 complex was concentrated at the cortex of each cell at the 2- to 8-cell stage and the peripheral areas of the morula and blastocyst. Inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex by the specific inhibitor CK666 at the zygote stage caused a failure in cell division; mouse embryos failed to undergo compaction and lost apical-basal polarity. The actin level decreased in the CK666-treated group, and two or more nuclei were observed within a single cell, indicating a failure of cell division. Addition of CK666 at the 8-cell stage caused a failure of blastocyst formation, and CDX2 staining confirmed the loss of embryo polarity and the failure of trophectoderm and inner cell mass formation. Taken together, these data suggest that the Arp2/3 complex may regulate mouse embryo development via its effect on cell division. </P>

Multifunctional Tumor pH-Sensitive Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Bimodal Imaging and Treatment of Resistant Heterogeneous Tumors

Ling, Daishun,Park, Wooram,Park, Sin-jung,Lu, Yang,Kim, Kyoung Sub,Hackett, Michael J.,Kim, Byung Hyo,Yim, Hyeona,Jeon, Yong Sun,Na, Kun,Hyeon, Taeghwan American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.136 No.15

<P>Nanoparticle-based diagnosis–therapy integrative systems represent an emerging approach to cancer treatment. However, the diagnostic sensitivity, treatment efficacy, and bioavailability of nanoparticles as well as the heterogeneity and drug resistance of tumors pose tremendous challenges for clinical implementation. We herein report on the fabrication of tumor pH-sensitive magnetic nanogrenades (termed PMNs) composed of self-assembled iron oxide nanoparticles and pH-responsive ligands. These PMNs can readily target tumors via surface-charge switching triggered by the acidic tumor microenvironment, and are further disassembled into a highly active state in acidic subcellular compartments that “turns on” MR contrast, fluorescence and photodynamic therapeutic activity. We successfully visualized small tumors implanted in mice via unique pH-responsive <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB>MR contrast and fluorescence, demonstrating early stage diagnosis of tumors without using any targeting agents. Furthermore, pH-triggered generation of singlet oxygen enabled pH-dependent photodynamic therapy to selectively kill cancer cells. In particular, we demonstrated the superior therapeutic efficacy of PMNs in highly heterogeneous drug-resistant tumors, showing a great potential for clinical applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2014/jacsat.2014.136.issue-15/ja4108287/production/images/medium/ja-2013-108287_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja4108287'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Cat fertilization by mouse sperm injection

Jin, Yong-Xun,Cui, Xiang-Shun,Yu, Xian-Feng,Lee, Sung-Hyun,Wang, Qing-Ling,Gao, Wei-Wei,Xu, Yong-Nan,Sun, Shao-Chen,Kong, IL-Keun,Kim, Nam-Hyung Cambridge University Press 2012 Zygote Vol.20 No.4

<B>Summary</B><P>Interspecies intracytoplasmic sperm injection has been carried out to understand species-specific differences in oocyte environments and sperm components during fertilization. While sperm aster organization during cat fertilization requires a paternally derived centriole, mouse and hamster fertilization occur within the maternal centrosomal components. To address the questions of where sperm aster assembly occurs and whether complete fertilization is achieved in cat oocytes by interspecies sperm, we studied the fertilization processes of cat oocytes following the injection of cat, mouse, or hamster sperm. Male and female pronuclear formations were not different in the cat oocytes at 6 h following cat, mouse or hamster sperm injection. Microtubule asters were seen in all oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection of cat, mouse or hamster sperm. Immunocytochemical staining with a histone H3-m2K9 antibody revealed that mouse sperm chromatin is incorporated normally with cat egg chromatin, and that the cat eggs fertilized with mouse sperm enter metaphase and become normal 2-cell stage embryos. These results suggest that sperm aster formation is maternally dependent, and that fertilization processes and cleavage occur in a non-species specific manner in cat oocytes.</P>

Clinical Study on Carboplatin for Treating Pediatric Patients with Wilms Tumors

Zhang, Yong,Sun, Ling-Li,Li, Tao,Sun, Hui,Mao, Guo-Jia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

This analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carboplatin based chemotherapy in treating pediatric patients with Wilms tumors. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of carboplatin based regimens on response and safety for pediatric patients with Wilms tumors were identified using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rates (RRs) of treatment were calculated. Results: In carboplatin based regimens, 4 clinical studies which including 127 patients with advanced Wilms tumors were considered eligible for inclusion. With this carboplatin based chemotherapy, 2 clinical studies included carboplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide. Systemic analysis suggested that, in all patients, the pooled PR was 64.5% (82/127) in carboplatin based regimens. Thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia were the main side effects. No grade III or IV renal or liver toxicity was observed. No treatment related death occurred with carboplatin based treatment. Conclusion: This systemic analysis suggests that carboplatine based regimens are associated with a reasonable response rate and accepted toxicities for treating pediatric patients with Wilms tumors.

Mineralogy and geochemistry of three weathered Lower Cambrian black shale profiles in Northeast Chongqing, China

Sixiang Ling,Xiyong Wu,Chunwei Sun,Xin Liao,Yong Ren,Xiaoning Li 한국지질과학협의회 2016 Geosciences Journal Vol.20 No.6

This paper reports a geochemical study on the mineralogy and major elements of mid-ridge (A), near mountaintop (B), and valley (C) profiles developed in the Lower Cambrian black shale in Northeast Chongqing, China. The primary objective was to understand the elemental mobility, mineralogical transformation, and weathering progression during black shale chemical weathering in a subtropical climate. Profiles A, B, and C are characterized as weak, weak to moderate, and moderate to intense in terms of weathering intensity, respectively, by the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA). Results indicate that most elements were mobilized by acidic solutions produced during the oxidation of pyrite and organic matter (OM). Among the major elements, Si was slightly enriched in profile A, but depleted through desilication in profile B and C. Al was enriched in the regolith zone in profile A and C, and Fe was enriched at the oxic front because of secondary clay and sesquioxide formation. The addition and depletion of major elements and the depth of the oxic front increased with the degree of weathering. Gypsum and Fe- (hydro-) oxides were observed to form and re-precipitate in the saprock and fractured shale zones. Clay minerals formed from dissolution of plagioclase and the transformation of other labile clay minerals during weathering. The progressive changes in mineralogical composition of weathered material from profile A to C showed the sequence of mineral decomposition with degree of weathering: first, oxidation of pyrite and OM; then Ca and Mg were removed during dissolution of carbonatite; followed by removal of Na from dissolution of plagioclase; lastly, transformation of clay minerals during weathering; meanwhile, desilication occurs at moderate to intense weathering stages.

Doxorubicin induces early embryo apoptosis by inhibiting poly(ADP ribose) polymerase.

Wang, Qing-Ling,Sun, Shao-Chen,Han, Jemesbond,Kwak, Yong-Chul,Kim, Nam-Hyung,Cui, Xiang-Shun Dr. J.G. Delinassios 2012 In vivo Vol.26 No.5

<P>The effect of Doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, on early mouse embryonic development has not been previously characterized.</P>

Preparation and activity evaluation of chrysin-b-Dgalactopyranoside

Zhen-Yuan Zhu,Ling Chen,Fei Liu,Li-Jing Chen,Meng Meng,Hui-Qing Sun,Yong-Min Zhang 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.10

Chrysin-b-D-galactopyranoside was efficiently synthesized, evaluated for its inhibitory activities against H22 cell lines compared with chrysin, the scavenging of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical and superoxide anion, inhibitory effect against bacteria and fungi. The structures of all compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic data (NMR, MS). The anti-tumor, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chrysin-b-D-galactopyranoside were proved to be enhanced significantly compared with chrysin.

Electrochemical Polymerization of Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol Acrylate on Carbon Fiber for Improved Interfacial Properties

Qiu Li,Ai-ling Zhang,Meng Zhang,Fang-fang Li,Song Wang,San-xi Li,Yong-jiang Li,Ze-fei Sun 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.12

Methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate (MPGA) was electrochemical polymerized on carbon fiber (CF) by usingcyclic voltammetry (CV) to enhance the surface properties of CF. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) investigations confirmed that MPGA electropolymerizedon CF (MPGA-CF) was obtained. The low frequency capacitance of MPGA-CF (CLF=5.85 mF·cm-2) was higher thanCF(CLF=4.75 mF·cm-2) based on the result of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and the data obtained fitted withan R(Q(R(Q(R(CR))))) equivalent circuit model. Contact angle experiment showed that the contact angle between water andMPGA-CF is significantly lower than that between water and CF. Mechanical experimental results indicated that theinterlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of MPGA-CF/epoxy resin composites (32.24 MPa) has improved by 134.81 % comparewith the CF/epoxy resin composites (13.73 MPa), which significantly enhanced interfacial properties of epoxy resincomposites.