A Generalized Equivalence relation

Sung, Yeoul-Ouk,Lee, Seung-Bae 公州大學校 工學硏究院 生産技術硏究所 2005 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In the this paper, We introduce the concept of t-fuzzy equivalence relation on a set, and to prove that there exists a correspondence between t-fuzzy equivalence relation and t-fuzzy partitions, and to characterize the fuzzy difunctional relations in terms of its strong t-level subsets.

창암 이삼만, 工拙을 벗어난 서예

이성배(Lee, Sung-Bae) 한국서예학회 2007 서예학연구 Vol.11 No.-

This study aims at exploring the history of Korean calligraphy and Changma, Samman Lee's calligraphy by dividing calligraphy into schools of rational and emotional calligraphy. This approach helps to provide a more various and broader understanding of the materials of calligraphy and presents a new way to understand the identity of Korean calligraphy. Changam, Samman Lee(1770-1847) possessed a very unique calligraphy style. This study investigates the commonalities and differences of Changam's calligraphy from his predecessors in terms of both his rational and emotional calligraphy styles. In the late Josun Dynasty, Changam freely pursued both rational and emotional calligraphy styles, not clinging to elaboration. His calligraphy practice and theory had two special aspects. His rational calligraphy style was shown in epitaphs or printed-style tablets, and his emotional style was written with printed, semi-cursive and cursive style. Both of his styles resulted from his unique consciousness of calligraphy. Changam's rational calligraphy style was based on his strict academic standards, serious consideration of process, and his endless endeavor to enter the ideal world of calligraphy. Meanwhile, his emotional calligraphy style was based on Jinhanwe's calligraphy which was different from Jindang calligraphy that had aesthetics of ugliness, pursuing strong strokes and a temperament overcoming the soft beauty. Changam's calligraphy presents Jinhanwe's style of strong, simple and honest strokes as well as reflecting the calligraphy trend of the late Joson Dynasty which focused on Jongyo, Wangheji. That is, his calligraphy crosses the boundaries between rational and emotional calligraphy and his aesthetics of calligraphy, as one of ugliness, shows another trend of Joson's calligraphy. 본고는 서예를 이성파와 감성파로 구분하고 이를 한국 서예사와 창암 이삼만 서예에 적용해 고찰한 글이다. 이성과 감성의 시각으로 접근하는 것은 기존의 서예자료에 대한 다양한 접근과 폭넓은 이해를 위한 한 방도이며, 한국 서예의 정체성을 이해하려는 새로운 방도이다. 이러한 차원에서 매우 독창적인 글씨로 알려진 창암 이삼만(1770-1847)에 대해 이성서예와 감성서예의 시각으로 그의 서예와 서론이 이전과 어떠한 同異點이 있는지에 관해서도 살펴볼 수 있겠다. 조선 말기의 창암은 감성서예와 이성서예를 추구하면서 공교에 구애 받지 않고 자유롭게 추구하려 하였다. 그의 많은 서예작품과 서론은 이 두 가지 측면을 보여주고 있다. 그의 이성서예는 비문이나 크고 작은 楷書, 편액 글씨 등에서 내용에 따라 다양하게 나타난다. 이에 비해 감성서예는 해서와 行書草書를 막론하고 다양하게 보였다. 창암의 이성서예와 감성서예는 그의 독특한 서예의식에서 비롯된다. 그의 이성서예는 엄격한 학서기준과 과정을 중시하고, 끊임없이 서예의 眞境에 들고자 엄청난 노력을 통해 나타났다. 이에 비해 감성서예는 당시 서예에서 추구하던 晉唐서예에서 벗어나 秦漢魏의 서예에서 古法을 추구하고, 연미함에서 벗어나 골기와 필세가 강한 愚拙의 美感을 추구하는 경향으로 나타났다. 따라서 창암의 서예는 조선 말기의 鍾繇? 王羲之를 중시하는 당시의 서예경향을 반영하면서도 한 단계 더 나아가 骨氣가 강하고 질박한 秦漢魏시기의 서예미감을 추구하였다. 이에 그의 서예는 이성서예와 감성서예를 넘나들었고, 그의 서예의식 은 愚拙의 美感을 보여주고 있다. 이것은 또한 당시 조선 서예가 추구하는 한 서예 경향을 보여주는 것이다.

한국 서예치료의 회고와 전망

이성배(Lee, Sung-bae) 한국서예학회 2006 서예학연구 Vol.9 No.-

전통서예에 혼재되어 나타나는 주술성·실용성·예술성·수양성은 서예가 다른 예술 장르와 구분될 수 있는 중요한 요소들이다. 지금 書藝는 治療性을 강조하면서 새로운 변화를 시도하고 있다. 서예치료는 서구에서 출발한 미술치료·음악치료·향기치료 등의 다양한 치료 기법보다 늦게 시작되었지만 오히려 동아시아적 정서를 반영한 치료법으로서 정체성을 중시하는 최근의 정서와 함께 새롭게 주목을 받기 시작한 예술치료의 한 분야이다. 국내에서 서예치료는 2001년에 韓國書藝治療學會가 창립되었고, 2002년에 원광대 보건행정대학원 예술치료학과에 書藝治療科目이 개설되는 등 학문적인 연구를 할 수 있는 구조적인 토대가 마련되었다. 그동안 한국서예치료학회는 이론적인 심화와 임상을 두 축으로 병행하여 많은 성과를 거둘 수 있었다. 한국서예치료학회는 이 과정에서 서예와 서예치료의 개념 차이를 논의하였고 高尙仁 선생의 연구 내용을 소개하고, 미술치료나 심리학 등 타 분야의 이론을 어떻게 수용할 것인지에 대한 문제 등등 열띤 논의를 수없이 하였다. 이제는 다양한 분야에 다양한 서예치료방법을 적용한 연구와 임상을 진행 중이기 때문에 조만간에 이에 대한 가시적인 성과를 기대할 수 있다고 본다. 그렇지만 현재 한국서예치료학은 아직도 정체성을 찾는 작업이 진행 중이라 말할 수 있다. The incantation characteristic, practicality, artistic characteristic and mental training characteristic are the crucial things which can be differentiated from the other genre of Art. Now, Calligraphy attempts to change newly while putting emphasis on the therapy. Calligraphic Therapy set off later than various therapy technology, such as art therapy, music therapy, aroma therapy which originated from western countries. But it begins to be noted as the therapy which reflects the East siatic emotion. And it is the field of artistic therapy which begins to attract attention newly with recent emotion. And the recent emotion takes a serious view of the identification. The Korean Caligraphic Therapy Association was founded in 2001 for Calligraphy Therapy within the country. And a course of Calligraphic Therapy was opened in Department of Artistic Therapy of Public Health Administration Graduate School in Wonkwang University in 2002. This arrangement came to prepare the structural base. In the meantime, The Korean Calligraphic Therapy Association was able to achieve many outcomes in a parallel motion with a theoretical profundity and a clinical lecture. During this process, The Korean Calligraphic Therapy Association decussed the difference between Calligraphy and Calligraphic Therapy. And it introduced Ko, Sang-in's research contents. And they also debated ardently many time how to accommodate the theory of other area. Now, we are processing the clinical lecture and the research, which are applied to the various Calligraphic Therapy method about the various area. So, I think that we soon could expect the visual achievement about this. But, at present, we might say that The Korean Calligraphic Therapeutics is still searching for its identity.

청소년들의 이종격투기에 대한 미디어 시청동기가 시청태도와 행동에 미치는 영향

공성배(Seong Bae Kong),성낙훈(Nak Hun Seong),배상일(Sang Il Bae),방환복(Whan Bog Bang),이원희(Won Hi Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.31

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of teenagers` viewing motivation of the mixed martial arts program on viewing attitude and viewing behavior. For this study, teenagers who have seen the mixed martial arts program in Sung-nam and Young-in City were selected as the population. Then, 336 teenagers chosen by systematic stratified cluster random sampling were analyzed. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis and Multiple Regression were conducted by SPSS Window 12.0. The results were as follows:First, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the gender. Second, there were no statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the school years. Third, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the viewing time. Fourth, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the viewing period. Fifth, it was found that viewing motivation significantly influences viewing attitude and explains 69.2%(R2=.268) of the variance. Vicarious satisfaction, entertainment pursuit motivation, time consuming motivation, and social exchange motivation which are subordinate constructs of viewing motivation have significantly a positive effect on viewing attitude in the order. Sixth, it was found that viewing motivation significantly influences viewing behavior and explains 69.3%(R2=.268) of the variance. Time consuming motivation, entertainment pursuit motivation, vicarious satisfaction, and social exchange motivation which are subordinate constructs of viewing motivation have significantly a positive effect on viewing behavior in the order. However, information pursuit motivation have significantly a negative effect on viewing behavior.

Effect of Highly Pressurized Hydrogen Gas Charging on the Hydrogen Embrittlement of API X70 Steel

Dong-Su Bae,Chi-Eun Sung1,Hyun-Ju Bang,Sang-Pill Lee,Jin-Kyung Lee,In-Soo Son,조영래,Un-Bong Baek,Seung-HoonNahm 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.4

During the use of API X70 steel as a pipeline structural material for the transportation of natural gas,hydrogen embrittlement can occur due to the hydrogen contained in natural gas. The aim of this study is toinvestigate the effects of the hydrogen content under high-pressure hydrogen gas conditions on the hydrogenembrittlement of air-cooled API X70 steel. The air-cooled API X70 steel was manufactured by hot rollingand was then air-cooled to room temperature. Tensile test specimens were held for 0 h, 1000 h, and 2000 hwithin a pressure vessel filled with 100% hydrogen gas at a gas pressure of 10 MPa, with the tensile teststhen performed at room temperature. The microstructure of the API X70 steel consists of coarse polygonalferrite, coarse pearlite, and fine acicular ferrite. The yield and tensile strength increased and elongationdecreased considerably after a holding time of 2000 h compared to those of 0 h and 1000 h within the pressurevessel. The morphology of the fracture surface changed from ductile to brittle upon hydrogen gas charging. Secondary cracks were observed in both of the hydrogen-gas-charged specimens. No external cracks wereformed on the surface of the tensile-tested specimen with a 0 h holding time; however, many external crackswere observed on the specimen surface subjected to hydrogen gas charging.

Colwyn, Age 5 1/2, “Protecting Mom and Dad”

Klaus G. Witz,Sung Ah Bae,Hyunju Lee,Youngcook Jun,Yongsock Chang 아시아질적탐구학회 2022 아시아질적탐구 Vol.1 No.1

The present paper is part of a larger case study of a 5 1/2 year old Korean boy, Colwyn, with his mother, Dr. Bae. Dr. Bae interviewed Colwyn twice, about 2 months apart; the first interview was audiotaped, the second videotaped. The present paper is based primarily on the second interview where Colwyn tells several wildly imaginative stories of himself like a superhero “protecting mom and dad.” Our aim is to communicate a sense of Colwyn’s “feeling, consciousness, state” when he is telling these “stories”, using the portraiture philosophy of Lawrence-Lightfoot and Davis and the “Participant-as-ally - Essentialist portraiture” approach of Witz and his students. The paper suggests that Colwyn’s “telling stories” in that Interview involves a highly self-actualized way of “being involved with his ‘I’”, which was apparently prompted by Interview 1 and is expressed in the drawing in Fig. 1. (In Interview 2 he constantly comes back to this drawing and uses it as a jumping off point for ideas in the stories). In addition, when he is telling a story, his whole being (feeling and mind) is “as if flowing in a direct channel,” manifesting as a constant stream of inspiration (creativity), ideas and diverse kinds of energy which is coming from within him, and that is carried on a powerful undercurrent of moral feeling of “being good.” At the same time telling the story represents a state of “subjectively being in a unity with” his mother’s feelings of appreciation and love. These things represent intense genuine spiritual engagement that at the same time manifests itself as creative expression in painting and in verbal interaction, already at this young age. This conclusion is supported by various additional data available.

Development of Cultivar-Specific DNA Markers Based on RAPD Products in Orchid Plants

Jae-il Lyu,Hyo-Shim Han,Jae-Sung Jung,Jong-Suk Lee,Young il Lee,Hyo-Yeon Lee,Chang-Hyu Bae1 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

[특집 - 추사의 흔적] 표상과 기억: 추사 김정희와 수선화 이미지

유순영 태학사 2022 문헌과 해석 Vol.91 No.-

An efficient real-time vehicle simulation method using a chassis-based kinematic formulation

Lee, Jung Keun,Kang, Jong Su,Bae, Dae Sung SAGE Publications 2014 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engin Vol.228 No.3

<P>The purpose of this research is to develop an efficient kinematic formulation for an implicit integration method so that relatively low-cost computers can be used for the real-time simulation of multi-body vehicle dynamics models without sacrificing modelling details. The most time-consuming processes associated with the implicit method are the generation and LU decomposition of the system Jacobian matrix of the augmented equations of motion and the constraints at every time step. In order to save the computation time in these processes, a new kinematic formulation is developed to make the system Jacobian remain nearly constant. This allows us to employ a Newton chord method for implicit integration without the need to update the Jacobian. The formulation is motivated by the idea that relative motions between the chassis and other bodies (e.g. suspension components) are limited. Thus, the equations of motion, as well as the joint constraint equations and the generalized force equations, are formulated with respect to the chassis-body reference frame instead of the inertial reference frame. Consequently, the initial Jacobian can be used for long-term vehicle simulation. A comparison of the proposed approach with the conventional approach shows that the proposed approach drastically improved the computational efficiency; i.e. the computational cost of the proposed method was only 35% of the cost of the conventional method. The proposed algorithm yielded almost exact solutions for a prototype multi-body vehicle model run in real time on a 3.5 GHz personal computer.</P>

The Effect of Rapid Temperature Annealing with N₂ and H₂ on Photoelectrochemical Properties of u-TiO₂

Bae, Hyojung,Park, Seung Hwan,Nakamura, Akihiro,Koike, Kayo,Fujii, Katsushi,Park, Hyung-Jo,Lee, Hyo-Jong,Oh, Tae-Sung,Ha, Jun-Seok The Electrochemical Society 2013 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.160 No.11

<P>The effects of annealing with H<SUB>2</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB> on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of annealed Nb-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (ann-TNO) film were investigated. The photocurrent density of the ann-TNO film was 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of u-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film. To understand this phenomenon, ann-TNO film was investigated by comparing u-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and Nb-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (TNO) films. An investigation was conducted using Hall effect estimation, photoluminescence (PL) analysis, and band-gap calculation.</P>