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강정윤,이상래,최종천 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.56 No.-
FCD60과 Cu-Sn합금의 확산접합 기술을 확립하는 것을 목적으로 진공분위기에서 0.294MPa의 하중을 가하면서 접합온도와 접합시간, 접합면의 조도를 달리하여 접합한 경우, 접합조건에 따른 접합여부, 접합부의 미세조직 변화로부터 접합과정 및 접합기구와 접합부의 경도 및 인장성질에 대하여 검토하였다. 973K 이상의 접합온도에서는 0ks에서도 접합이 이루어지지만, 1123K에서 2.4ks이상 유지하면, Cu-Sn합금이 좌굴되고, 분말상으로 붕괴되는 현상이 발생하였다. 이것은 Sn의 편석된 부분이 접합온도에서 용융하여 발생한 것으로 생각된다. FCD60과 Cu-Sn합금의 접합과정은 다음과 같이 이루어진다. 접합초기에는 주철의 ?부분과 접촉하는 면에서 구형의 보이드가 생기고, 유지시간이 증가함에 따라 Cu-Sn합금의 크립변형에 의해 주철의 凹 내부로 침투하여 구형의 보이드가 축소되고, 평활한 면끼리 만나는 부분에서는 FCD60도 다소 크립변형하여 접촉면적을 증가시킨다. 중기에는 확산에 의해 미세한 보이드가 소멸하고, 계면에 존재하는 흑연이 계면이동을 방해하여 접합계면이 주철의 표면 형상과 유사한 모양으로 된다. 후기에는 접합계면에서 기지의 성분이 사오확산하고, 고용하여 계면반응에 의해서 이동이 생긴다. 접합부의 인장강도는 Cu-Sn 모재 강도의 45%∼55%이었고, 파단은 모두 접합부 근방에서 일어났다. 저하원인으로는 접합계면에 Sn 편석으로 접합 시 국부용융에 의한 보이드가 존재하기 때문인 것으로 추측되었다. This study is aimed at establishing the basis of diffusion bonding of FCD60/Cu-Sn alloy. Diffusion bonding was performed under vacuum of 10-4torr, a load of 0.294Mpa, and a temperature between 923K∼1123K. The microstructure of the joints were observed by using optical microscope and SEM, and analysed by EDX and WDX. The tensile properties of the joints was measured. In the early stage of the bonding, spherical voids were formed in interface contacting grooves of FCD60. With increasing of holding time, spherical voids were reduced by penetration of Cu-Sn alloy in groove of FCD60 and in the interface contacting smooth plane of FCD60, contacting area was increased by creep deformation of FCD 60. And then micro voids were disappeared by diffusion and interface formed similar surface shape of FCD60. In the final stage, interface was moved by interdiffusion of component of FCD 60 and Cu-Sn alloy. Tensile strength of joints was obtained about 45∼55% of strength of Cu-Sn alloy
Development of a piezoelectric unimorph using a mechanically pre-stressed substrate
Kang, Lae-Hyong,Lee, Jong-Won,Han, Jae-Hung,Chung, Sang-Joon,Ko, Han-Young Institute of Physics Publishing 2009 Smart materials & structures Vol.18 No.10
<P>This paper proposes a novel curved shape piezoelectric unimorph called PUMPS (piezoelectric unimorph with mechanically pre-stressed substrate) that uses a new and simple fabrication method. Generally, conventional pre-stressed curved shape unimorphs are made by using high-temperature adhesion processes and the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch of their constituent layers. In the conventional methods, therefore, it is necessary to use materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, high-temperature ovens or autoclaves, and special adhesives. In addition, the conventional methods generally require the re-poling of the piezoceramic actuator layer due to high-temperature adhesion near or above the Curie temperature of the piezoceramic. The present fabrication method uses mechanically pre-stressed substrates and a room temperature adhesion process instead of relying on a thermal coefficient mismatch. First, a substrate material is strained in the longitudinal direction and then a piezoelectric material is attached to the substrate. A difference of mechanical strains between the substrate and the piezoelectric layer causes the final manufactured actuator to curve. In this way, a new type of curved shape pre-stressed piezoelectric unimorph, PUMPS, can be easily fabricated at room temperature and can be used as a sensor, an actuator and an energy-harvesting element without the necessity of a re-poling process. A series of performance tests on the proposed PUMPS actuators was accomplished and the test results show that the actuation capability of PUMPS is comparable to that of conventional curved shape actuators, in spite of the much simpler manufacturing process. </P>
정태호,김정철,채성철,김두희,주강,이인선,김승래 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1989 慶北醫大誌 Vol.30 No.3
대구시 동성로 소재 약령시에서 구입한 118종의 생약제를 물로 추출하고 희화하여 원자흡광광도계를 사용하여 연의 함량을 측정하였다. 118종의 생약제 중 92.3%인 109종에서 2ppm 이하의 연이 함유 되었으며 4.1∼5.0ppm의 연 함량을 나타낸 생약제는 연자육, 향부자, 황금의 세 종류였고 5.1ppm에서 7.0ppm 사이의 치를 보여준 것은 당귀와 사삼 이었다. Herb medicines obtained from the herb shops at "Herb Street" of Taegu, Korea were analyzed for contents of lead. The contents of lead were measured in 118 herb medicine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after extraction with water and phosphorylation of the medicines. In 92.3%(109) of total, the contents of lead were less than 2 ppm. The contents were between 4.1 and 5.0 ppm in three medicines (Neiumbo Semen, Cyperi Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radis) and between 5.1 and 7.0 ppm in two medicines (Angelicae gigantis Radix and Codonopsi Radix). These results suggest that the risk of lead poisoning by herb medicine is relatively low if the medicine is extracted with water. But it might be better to check the serum or urine concentration of lead in the cases of long term uses of Neiumbo Semen, Cyperi Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix or codonopsi Radix.
정양일,이강래 大田産業大學校 1995 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.12 No.0203
Consumer loyalty is viewed as the strength of relationship between on individual's relative attitude and patronagle. Loyalty is a complex phenomenon that warrants a more multifacede conceptualization than has been attempted previously. The framework suggests that from a management perspective, attitudinal differentiation may be of equal importance to attitudinal strength, leading us to the development of the concept relative attitude, For example, an implication of the first two cross-classification if that a weak but positively differentiated attitued may be more likely to lead to loyalty than a very positive but undifferentiated attitude. Thus incorporating the motion of relative attitudes will likely lead to the increased predictive ability of loyalty models. The framework points to the importance of situational influence and social norms as moderators of relationship between relative attitude and repeat purchase. Finally, the framework highlights the consequences of loyalty underscoring the long-term importance of the successful management of consumer loyalty.
초기응력을 가진 기저구조물을 이용한 곡면형 압전 유니모프 개발
강래형(Kang, Lae-Hyong),이종원(Lee, Jong-Won),한재흥(Han, Jae-Hung),정상준(Chung, Sang-Joon),고한영(Ko, Han-Young) 한국소음진동공학회 2009 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.1
This paper proposes a novel curved shape piezoelectric unimorph using a new fabrication method. Instead of using thermal coefficient mismatch, which has been used for conventional processes for curved shape unimorphs, we used pre-stressed substrates and the room temperature adhesion process. A difference of the mechanical strains between the substrate and the piezoelectric layer makes the final manufactured unimorph get curved. Several performance tests of the proposed unimorph actuators were accomplished and the test results showed the proposed unimorph actuator got comparable actuation capability compared with conventional curved shape actuators.
Kim, Yon-Lae,Chung, Jin-Beom,Kang, Seong-Hee,Eom, Keun-Yong,Song, Changhoon,Kim, In-Ah,Kim, Jae-Sung,Lee, Jeong-Woo Korean Society of Medical Physics 2018 의학물리 Vol.29 No.4
This study aimed to compare the performance of previous optimization algorithms against new a photon optimizer (PO) algorithm for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for prostate cancer. Eighteen patients with prostate cancer were retrospectively selected and planned to receive 78 Gy in 39 fractions of the planning target volume (PTV). All plans for each patient optimized with the dose volume optimizer (DVO) and progressive resolution optimizer (PRO) algorithms for IMRT and VMAT were compared against plans optimized with the PO within Eclipse version 13.7. No interactive action was performed during optimization. Dosimetric and radiobiological indices for the PTV and organs at risk were analyzed. The monitor units (MU) per plan were recorded. Based on the plan quality for the target coverage, prostate IMRT and VMAT plans using the PO showed an improvement over DVO and PRO. In addition, the PO generally showed improvement in the tumor control probability for the PTV and normal tissue control probability for the rectum. From a technical perspective, the PO generated IMRT treatment plans with fewer MUs than DVO, whereas it produced slightly more MUs in the VMAT plan, compared with PRO. The PO showed over potentiality of DVO and PRO whenever available, although it led to more MUs in VMAT than PRO. Therefore, the PO has become the preferred choice for planning prostate IMRT and VMAT at our institution.
VitalBeam 선형가속기의 심부선량백분율과 측방선량분포 측정을 위한 새로운 기준 전리함으로서 스텔스 전리함의 성능 평가
김연래(Yon-Lae Kim),정진범(Jin-Beom Chung),강성희(Seong-Hee Kang),강상원(Sang-Won Kang),김경현(Kyeong-Hyeon Kim),정재용(Jae-Yong Jung)신영주(Young-Joo Shin),서태석(Tae-Suk Suh),이정우(Jeong-Woo Lee) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2018 방사선기술과학 Vol.41 No.3
Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a “stealth chamber” as a novel reference chamber for measuring percentage depth dose (PDD) and profile of 6, 8 and 10 MV photon energies. The PDD curves and dose profiles with fields ranging from 3 × 3 to 25 × 25 cm 2 were acquired from measurements by using the stealth chamber and CC 13 chamber as reference chamber. All measurements were performed with Varian VitalBeam linear accelerator. In order to assess the performance of stealth chamber, PDD curves and profiles measured with stealth chamber were compared with measurement data using CC13 chamber. For PPDs measured with both chambers, the dosimetric parameters such as d max (depth of maximum dose), D 50 (PDD at 50 ㎜ depth), and D 100 (PDD at 100 ㎜ depth) were analyzed. Moreover, root mean square error (RMSE) values for profiles at d max and 100 ㎜ depth were evaluated. The measured PDDs and profiles between the stealth chamber and CC13 chamber as reference detector had almost comparable. For PDDs, the evaluated dosimetric parameters were observed small difference (<1%) for all energies and field sizes, except for d max less than 2 ㎜. In addition, the difference of RMSEs for profiles at d max and 100 ㎜ depth was similar for both chambers. This study confirmed that the use of stealth chamber for measuring commission beam data is a feasible as reference chamber for fields ranging from 3 × 3 to 20 × 20 cm 2 . Furthermore, it has an advantage with respect to measurement of the small fields (less than 3 × 3 cm 2 field) although not performed in this study.