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      • 루돌프 스멘트의 統合原理(下) : Der Begriff und die Arten der Integration 統合의 槪念과 種類를 중심으로

        崔京玉 東亞大學校 大學院 1996 大學院論文集 Vol.21 No.-

        (Ⅰ)In den zwanziger Jahren des neunzehten Jahrhunderts wurde die Intergationslehre Rudolf Smends durch den Ubergang von der Monarchie zur weimarer Republik in der deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte aufgetreten. Aber diese ist weder alles der Verfassungslehre noch das Vertretenstheorie der Demokratie. Warum soll der Staat die Volker integrieren und dadurch die wahre Integration erreichen? Damals kritierte Smend das bisherige Rechtspositivismus und behauptete die geist wissenschaftliche Methode in der staatsrechtslehre. In dieser Aufsatz werden der Begriff und die Arten der Integration Smends im allgemeinen vorgestellt. Der Inhalt dieser Aufsatzes ist wie folgend, Ⅰ.Vorrede Ⅱ.Der Begriff der Integration 1.der Gegenstand der staatslehre 2.die Struktur des Staatslehre Ⅲ.Die Arten der Integration 1.Die personliche Integration 2.Die funktionelle Integration(in der vorliegenden Aufsatz) 3.Die sachliche Integration 4.Die Einheit des Integrationssystems Ⅳ.Die Integrationslehre und das Grundrecht 1.Der integrierende sachliche Inhalt 2.Das Grundrecht von Frankreich und Deutschland Ⅴ.Zum Schluβ Nachdem Smend bezieht sich die Staatsrechts-Staatslehre auf die ein Teil der geistige Wirklichkeit. Die Gebildung der geistigen Gruppe ist nicht als die Wirklichkeit der statischen Substanz sondern das reale-geistige Leben und die Sinneinheit der geitige Behandlung im Staatsleben. Smend will auf diesem Grund die Volker in dem geistigen Leben des Staates integrieren. er teilt die Integationsart drei Arten, d.h. die personliche, -funktionelle-, sachliche Integraion. Von der personlichen Integration aus wird der Fruher, besonders der Monarch dees Staates bedeutet, von der funktionellen Integration aus das Prozeβdes Staatslebens, z.B. Wahl, Parlamentarismus, Mehrheitsprinzip usw., und von der sachlichen Integration aus der gemeinsame Wertbestand einer politischen Gemeinschaft. Jede Integrationssart enthalt auch viele Probleme. In der personlichen Integration will Smend durch den Wert der 「mythenhaften Substanz」der Monarchen die Volker integrieren. In der funktionellen Integration behauptet er die Verminderung der Integrationen der Volker durch die Verhaltnis-Geheimniswahl. Daran kann man den Antidemokratischen Gedanken Smends erkenen. Das Faschismus ist in der Tat ein Schatzhaus der Integrationslehre Smends. Smend steht auch im Gegensatz zu der kausalen Gesetzlichkeit und des Parlamentarismus. Aber was Smend bedeuter, gibt es kein Neue wie in der bisherigen Staatsrechts-Staatslehre. Es ist nur die eine Souveranitatstheorie. In der ersten(Ⅰ) Aufsatz wird nur, was uber zur funktionellen Integration von drei Arthen der Integration ist, vorgestellt. Was uber nach der sachlichen Integration ist, wird in der zweiten(Ⅱ) Aufsatz gelaufen werden. (Ⅱ)In der vorliegenden Schriften wurde die personliche-funktionelle Integration von drei Arten der INtegration R. Smends behandelt. Deshalb will die sachliche Integration in diesem Schrift behandelt werden. Erstens entwickelt Smend, daβDer Begriff des Wertes in der sachlichen Integration 'Sinnverwirklicheit' des gemeinschaftlichen Levens zwischen Einzeln und Staat ist. Dieser Gedanke Smends auch geht von der Kulturphilosophie T.Litts, der phanomenologie E. Huserls und der geistwissenschaftlichen Methodologie W.Diltheys und E.Sprangers aus. Der Stast enthalt d.h. die Wirkichkeit als die geitigen Lebensgemeinschaft, gleichzeitig hangt davon a, daβdie Gemeinschaft alle sinninhalt macht. Aber hier sein die Freiheit zum(od.im) Staat R.Smends und die Freigheit vom Staat C.Schmitts gegensatzlich zusammen. Trotzdem kann man in die Feiheit vom Staat C. Schmitts mit Rule of Law im English American Law vergleichen, Smend versucht die Volker mit dem Symbol sachlich zu integrieren und findet die Legitimitat dieser Motive im Faschismus. Damit behaupet Smend die Einzelkeit jedes Volks mit dem Staat zusammenzuhangen und mehr die Dauerhaftigkeit des Staates als die Einzelkeit jedes. Zweitens versucht Smend beim Verhaltnis der funktionelle und sachliche Integration emerseits die Trennung der sachlichen Integration durch die funktionelle Integration, andererseits die Trennung der funktionellen Integration durch die sachliche Integration. Drittens beobachtet Smend den Wert, der als der ersten Molichkeit beim historischen Prozeβmittelaltereichsch, geistig, auselementarisch, ausverwirklich und funktonell gewesen werden, und gemeinschaftlich nicht gestaltent wird, besonders als keine notige traditionelle Menschen mit der statischen Kultur-und Sozialwert. Deshalb behaupt Smend die Freiheit zum Staat. Viertens auβerdem neigt er as Parlamertalismus und die Freiheit, beobachtet bei der sachlichen Integration mit der Technik der funktionellen Integration oder der staatlichen Mythe und dem burokratischen Staat die Volker zu integrieren. Smend behandelt auch das Grundrecht als ein Teil der sachlichen Integration und bezeichnet als Wert-Guter-und Kultursystm. Endliche ist dieser Gedanke Smends eine raumliche-historische Grenze und einschlieβden Staatoberhand zu gewinnen.

      • 루돌프 스멘트의 統合理論(Ⅰ) : 統合의 槪念과 種類를 중심으로 Der Begriff und die Arten der Integration

        崔京玉 東亞大學校 大學院 1995 大學院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

        In den zwanziger Jahren des neunzehten Jahrhunderts wurde die Integrationslehre Rudolf Smends durch den Ubergang von der Monarchie zur Weimarer Republik in der deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte aufgetreten. Aber diese ist weder alles der Verfassungslehre noch das Vertretenstheorie der Demokratie. Warum soll der Staat die Volker integrieren und dadurch die wahre Integration erreichen? Damals kritierte Smend das bisherige Rechtspositivismus und behauptete die geiftwissenschaftliche Methode in der Staatsrechtslehre. In dieser Aufsatz werden der Begriff und die Arten der Integration Smends im allgemeinen vorgestellt. Der Inhalt dieser Aufsates ist wie folgend, Ⅰ. Vorrede Ⅱ. Der Begriff der Integration 1. Der Gegenstand der Staatslehre 2. Die Struktur des Staates Ⅲ. Die Arten der Integration 1. Die personliche Integration 2. Die funktionelle Integration 3. Die sachliche Integration 4. Die Einheit des Integrationssystems Ⅳ. Die Integrationslehre und das Grundrecht 1. Der integrierende sachliche Inhalt 2. Das Grundrecht von Frankreich und Deutschland Ⅴ. Zum SchluB Nachdem Smend bezieht sich die Staatsrechts-Staatslehre auf file ein Teil der geistige Wirklichkeit. Die Gebildung der geistigen Gruppe ist nicht als die Wirklichkeit der statisrhen Substanz, sondern das reale-geistige Leben und die Sinneinheit der geitige Behandlung im Staatsleben. Smend will auf diesem Grund die Volker in dem geistigen Leben des Staates integrieren. Er teilt die Integationsart drei Arten, d.h. die personliche -, funktionelle -, sachliche Integration. Von der personlichen Integration aus wird der Fruher, besonders der Monarch des Staates bedeutet, von der funktionellen Integration aus das ProzeB des Staatslebens, z.B. Wahl, Parlamentarismus, Mehrheitsprinzip usw., und von der sachlichen Integration aus der gemeinsame Wertbestand einer politischen Gemeinschaft. Jede Integrationsart enthalt auch viele Probleme. In der personlichen Integration will Smend durch den Wert der「mythenhaften Substanz」des Monarchen die Volker integrieren. In der funktionellen Integration behauptet or die Verminderung der Integrationen der Volker durch die Verhaltnis-Geheimniswahl. Daran kann man den Antidemokratischen Gedanken Smends erkennen. Das Faschismus ist in der Tat ein Schatzhaus der Integrationslehre Smends. Smend steht auch im Gegensatz zu der kausalen Gesetzlichkeit und des Parlamentarismus. Aber was Smend bedeutet, gibt es kein Neues wie in der bisherigen Staatsrechts-Staatslehre. Es ist nur die eine der Souveranitatstheorie. In dieser Aufsatz wird nur, was uber zur funktionellen Integration von drei Arten der Integration ist, vorgestellt. Was uber nach der sachlichen Integration ist, wird im nachsten Zeitschrift gelaufen werden.

      • KCI우수등재

        制憲國會의 成立史 : 美軍政 法令과 관련하여

        崔京玉 한국공법학회 2003 공법연구 Vol.31 No.5

        On August 15, 1945, finally Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces, and on September 7, the US occupation forces landed at Incheon. That very moment was a decisive moment that held sway over the partition of the Korean Peninsula. When we consider the moment, on August 22, commander of the headquarters of the 34th Japanese Army posted at north of the 38th Parallel, Gusihusi(lieutenant general) signed an instrument surrender to commander of the 25th Russian Army. Thus Russian Army disarmed Japanese Army at north of the 38th Parallel. Meanwhile, onAugust 27, the supreme commander of the Allied Forces, Douglas McArthur (1880-1964) appointed John R. Hodge who was leading the 24th corps under the control of the 10th US Army in Okinawa at that time to the commander in chief of the HUSAMGIK(Headquartersof the United States Army Military Government in Korea, its office was posted in Seoul Korea; hereinafter referred to the HUSAMGIK), and commanded him that an occupying scope of the US Army in Korea was south of the 38th Parallel. These accidental events that happened in Korean history began in this way and left the Korean Peninsula bounded again with the national division for the next fifty years. At the same time, such complicated domestic and international situations were linked to the trusteeship in Korea and provided the momentum of beginning of the US Army Military Government in South Korea. Therefore, in this thesis we will investigate the formation process of Korea's first independent national assembly, that is, the Korean 『Constitutional Legislative Assembly』(KCLA), focusing on the period of the US Army Military Government. In order to do this, at first, we are going to inquire into the legal characteristics of the US Army Military Government put in force in Korea, and at second, the statues promulgated by the US Army Military Government under the supervision of the US Army Military Government and opening process of the KCLA based on those. Along with doing this, we will look into the process of the policy establishment and its effect sprung from the relation between the US Army Military Government authorities and 『Representative Democratic Council』 (RDC) and the 『Korean Interim Lagislative Assembly』 (KILA), legal characteristics of these National Assembly systems, and opening process of the KCLA The contents of this thesis are as follows. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Legal characteristics of the US Army Military Government 3. A proposal by M. Preston Goodfellow and the 『Representative Democratic Council』 (RDC) 1) John R. Hodge and the RDC 2) The Supreme Governing Commission and the RDC 3) Legal characteristics of the RDC 4. The US Army Military Government Ordinance 118 and the 『Korean Interim Legislative Assembly』(KILA) 1) A plan for the application of the political situation by William R. Langdon and the KILA 2) Archer L. Lerch and the proposal for the legislative organization 3) Legal characteristics of the KILA 5. The US Army Military Government Ordiance 175 and opening of the 『Koren Constitutional Legislative Assembly』 (KCLA) 6. Conclusion

      • KCI등재

        모유영양아와 인공영양아의 피하지방 및 상완위의 성장발육 상태 : 영아의 피하지방 및 상완위 발육상태

        최경숙,최혜미,구재옥,임경숙,김주혜,김숙배 동아시아식생활학회 1997 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.7 No.1

        One- to three- month-old infants (n=232) were compared their upper arm cumference and skinfold thickness(triceps, subscapular) by feeding methods in cross-sectional study. There were two groups : breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed groups(FF). As reported previously^(7)), weight, length, head and chest circumferences of these infants were good, and overall growth status was not significantly different by feeding methods, but weight, weight velocity and chest circumference of formula-fed infants were higher than breast-feds at 3 month, significantly. Here, the triceps skinfold thickness of infants at 1, 2, and 3 postpartum months were 7.4, 9.5 and 10.5 ㎜, respectively. The triceps skinfold thickness of breast-fed infants were higher than formula-feds at 1 and 2 postpartum month, but at 3 month, that of formula-fed infants was greater than breast-fed infants, insignificantly. The subscapular skinfold thickness of infants were 6.4, 9.2 and 10.6 ㎜ at 1 to 3 postpartum months, respectively. The upper arm circumference of infants were 11.7, 13.4, 14.3㎝, and the arm muscle diameter were 34.5, 39.3 and 41.7㎝ at one to three postpartum months, respectively. The upper arm circumference of male infants was higher than females at 2, 3 postpartum months. Overall, there were no significant differences between feeding methods in triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, upper arm circumference and arm muscle diameter. But 3-month-old formula-fed male infants showed bigger significantly in arm circumference than the breast-feds. From this survey, long-term survey on growth and body composition of large scales might be necessary to determine the effect of feeding methods of infants after 3 months and to set proper body composition standard for infant.

      • KCI등재
      • 憲法判例의 先例拘束性과 法源性

        崔京玉 東亞大學校 大學院 1997 大學院論文集 Vol.22 No.-

        Presently in Korea as the role of the court of the Constitutional Law is wide-spread and the people's knowledge of human rights is more thorough, constitutional petitions have been increasing steadily and cases have been accumulating. Therefore, this essay will study how much the secondary source of cases can be accepted as court cases of Constitutional Law have been accumulating. It will also analyse the influence and limit of the precedent of cases being considered in Korea and Japan which are taking the principle of written law in the continental law. The doctrine of stare decises results from that cases have binding force as they have been accumulating under the principle of an unwritten law in Anglo-American law. Korea and Japan have two facts in common. One is that over a half century has passed since World War II, and the other is that the two countries inherited the continental law. They have been making their own respective law-cultures though they have something historical and cultural in common. Therefore it will be meaningful to find out the similarities and differences between both countries' cases of Constitutional Law;(the secondary sources and the precedents of the two countries), now, at a time when over fifty years have passed since the restoration of Korean Independence from Japan. There is still little discussion, however, on the secondary source and the precedent of cases of Constitutional Law in Korea. Therefore this essay compared the precedents of constitutional cases and the secondary sources of cases of Constitutional Law in Korea and Japan. It classifies Korean constitutional cases into parts and looks at the precedent and the secondary source of the constitutional cases after examining scholars' opinions of Japan. These pinions arisen after long and lively debates about the secondary source of constitutional cases and the precedent of these cases.

      • KCI등재후보

        가족성 정신분열병 환자에서 임상 특성의 가족내 연관성

        최경숙,이유상,장용이,조은영,전현옥,김창현,김상욱,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

        Objectives : This study aims at examining familial associations of symptoms and clinical characteristics in affected sibling or relative pairs of schizophrenia as an effort to identify genetically homogeneous phenotypes. Methods : Forty-seven relative pairs with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia from thirty-five Korean families multiply affected with schizophrenia were ascertained. Direct interviews were done using the Korean version of Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS). The Krawieka Rating Scale and the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome were also applied for further evaluation of psychopathologies. Intra-familial concordances and correlations of clinical characteristics and symptoms were tested using χ² -test and Spearman's correlation. Results : Significantly high concordance rate within relative pairs was found for the diagnosis of paranoid vs. non-paranoidsubtype (χ²=7.623, P=0.006, df=1). Deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome also showed significant concordance (χ² =3.850, p=0.0497, df=1). Among single symptom items in DIGS, only 'auditory hallucination' showed significant concordance rate ( χ² =5.503, P=0.019, df=1). Factor analysis for symptoms items in the Rrawiecka Rating Scale indicated three symptom dimensions ; negative, psychotic and affective, Psychotic (P =0.442, P=0.003) and affective dimension scores (p =0.427, P=0.004) showed significant intra-familial correlations. Age at onset of recognized psychotic symptoms showed significant correlation only within the male sibling pairs. Conclusion : Familial factors, Possibly genetic factor contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of paranoid vs. non-para-noid subtype, deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome, auditory hallucination, and affective syndrome, It supports their use in the delineation of homogeneous subgroups for future genetic studies.

      • 사용자 인식 스마트 홈 미러

        최건영,고성화,김종옥,박은서,김완규,백경동,박동규 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2021 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.2

        The Internet of Things, the core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is growing by incorporating various technologies into various fields. Among them, smart home systems that apply IoT technology to home environments are being actively studied. The home hub market, a means of communication for smart homes, is also developing at the same time. As the home hub market develops, security threats are also increasing accordingly. In this paper, 'Smart Home Mirror' is implemented by combining mirror and IoT technologies so that users can use them to communicate with smart home applications and other devices. To meet security issues, users in it are recognized by using face recognition technology and AES between all data communications in it is applied. The proposed device’s usefulness is approved by implementing it in smart home environments.

      • 염소를 포함한 액체에서의 금박막 패터닝과 표면 분석

        성덕경,최정옥,안일신,김옥경 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2004 이학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.

        금박막은 높은 전도성의 화학적인 안정성을 가지고 있으므로 GaAs를 기판으로 한 bevice에서 널리 쓰이고 있으며 SAM(Self-Assembled Monolayer), Nanolithography 등에서도 아주 주요하게 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 염소가 포함된 액체에 금박막이 접해있고 UV를 조사하여 식각이 되는 것을 발견하고 연구하였다. 노광량을 조절하여 금박막의 기각률을 조절할수 있으며, 또한 가모강제 공정을 거치지 않고 금박막에 직접 조사하게 되므로 간단하게 패터닝을 할수 있다. AFM(atomic force microscope), optical microscope, ellipsometry 를 이용하여 식각률 측정 및 표면 변화를 보았다. Various metals or their alloys are used in the semiconductor metallization process or in micro-or nano-structure devices. We report a novel etching technique of gold film based on new phenomenon that gold is soluble in chlorine containing solutions or solvents under UV irradiation. Mask patterns can be transferred to gold surface directly without resorting to complicate photoresist process. And, etch rate could be controlled from sub nanometer to few tens of nanometers per minute by adjusting exposure parameters. Moreover, non-toxic liquid such as NaCl solution can be used for the process. AFM(atomic force microscope), optical microscope, ellipsometry were used to characterize the etch rate and the surface morphology.

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