Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Sokho Kim,Myung-Hoon Oh,Bum-Seok Kim,Won-Il Kim,Ho-Seong Cho,Byoung-Yong Park,Chul Park,Gee-Wook Shin,Jungkee Kwon 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been suffi- ciently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to 200mM) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/ mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Kim, Sokho,Oh, Myung-Hoon,Kim, Bum-Seok,Kim, Won-Il,Cho, Ho-Seong,Park, Byoung-Yong,Park, Chul,Shin, Gee-Wook,Kwon, Jungkee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to $200{\mu}M$) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

지반탄성해석을 위한 역해석기법의 적용

권호진,임종석 광주대학교 1992 産業技術硏究 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구에서는 지반해석을 위한 여러 방법중 유한요소법에 의한 연성해석 및 역해석기법을 이용하여, 지반변형해석과 토질정수의 추정방법 등에 대하여 연구하였다. 토질정수의 정확한 산정의필요성을 알기 위하여, 지반의 탄성해석에서의 탄성계수, 투수계수, 포아송비 등에 따른 민감도를 분석 고찰하였고, 여러 가지의 점토질 흙에 대한 압밀실험결과를 이용하여 역해석기법에 의한 토질정수의 산정을 실시하고, 이 토질정수를 이용한 탄성해석에 의하여 지반의 변형과 간극수압을 구하여, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 탄성해석에 있어서, 지반의 탄성계수에 따른 지반변형량과 간극수압의 민감도가 비교적 크게 나타나므로, 탄성계수의 산정은 매우 중요하며, 재하하중이 클수록 탄성계수의 산정을 정확히 하여야 한다. 작은 하중단계에서의 짧은 시간의 실측치를 이용한 역해석을 통하여 토질정수를 산정함으로써, 비교적 단순한 탄성해석을 통하여서도, 더욱 큰 하중 재하시 또 장기간의 변형량을 실제와 가깝게 예측할 수 있으며, 역해석에서의 반복계산 횟수를 줄이고 더욱 좋은 결과를 얻기 위해서는, 초기치실측 절점의 개수를 증가시키고 초기 실측치의 더욱 정확한 산정이 필요하다. To know the importance of soil parameters which are used to estimate the deformation and porepressure of soil, the sensitivity for soil parameters in elastic analysis is analyzed. Using the consolidation test results of several cohesive soils, soil parameters are estimated by back analysis method, and from the parameters the deformations and porepressures of the soil are estimated by elastic analysis. In elastic analysis for soil - deformation and porepressure, the sensitivity for the Young's modulus is large, and the esimation of young's modulus is more important in proportion to the size of stress. Using the measured results during initial short period in small stress, the soil parameters can be correctly estimated by back analysis method. To decrease the iteration number in back analysis and to get the better parameters, the initial measurements in more nodes are required and the more accurate initial measurements are required.

제지폐수처리용 생물고분자응집제를 생산하는 Bacillus sp. K-111의 배양특성조사

권기석,손용호,최선택,정석관,송숙희,김동걸 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Flocculant-producing microorganisms were screened from obtained strains in the laboratory using a pulp-wastewater treatment as the flocculating agent. K-111 strain that had high flocculating activity among them was selected and identified as Bacillus sp. K-111 16s rDNA sequencing. The favorable medium for the production of flocculant was glucose 1.5%, NH_4NO_3 0.2%, tryptone 0.01%, K_2HPO_4 0.08%, KH_2PO_4 0.06%, CaCO_3 0.03%, MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.005%, MnSO_4 0.005% in 1 liter of D.W. at initial pH 7.0. The optimum culture temperature and pH were 30℃ and pH 7.0, respectively. the flocculating activity was observed most highly after 36 to 48 hr of cultivation at the optimum conditions. the flocculating activity of produced biopolymer on optimum conditions was about 2.5-fold higher than that of screening medium.

후방복사된 초음파를 이용한 12Cr강 부식 피로특성 평가

권성덕,윤석수,송성진,배동호 한국비파괴검사학회 2000 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.20 No.5

화력발전 플랜트의 터빈 블레이드(blade) 재료인 12Cr 합금강의 고속 열화 시편에 대한 레일리(Rayleigh) 표면탄성파의 산란과 속도의 주파수 의존특성을 액체/고체 경계 면에서 표면파의 발생기구에 의해 나타나는 후방복사 초음파 세기의 입사각 의존성으로 간접 평가하고 부식피로 특성과 비교 분석하였다. 후방복사 현상이 발생하는 입사각 폭은 부식온도와 반비례하였으며 이는 효과적 부식층의 두께 증가로 설명되었다. 이 프로파일의 폭은 피로시험에서 균열성장 관계식인 파리스(Paris) 법칙의 지수 m과 선형적으로 반비례하여 열화시편의 부식 피로 특성의 비파괴적 평가에 있어 후방복사된 초음파를 이용한 기술이 매우 유용함을 보여주었다. The corrosion-fatigue characteristics of the 12Cr steel, which is widely used in fossil power plants as a turbine blade material, are evaluated nondestructively by use of the Rayleigh surface wave. In this study, the frequency dependency of the Rayleigh surface wave is investigated indirectly by measuring the angular dependency of the backward radiation of the incident ultrasonic wave in the aged specimens, and then compared to the corrosion-fatigue characteristics. The width of the backward radiation profile decreases as the increase of the aging temperature, which seems to result from the increase of the effective degrading layer thickness. This parameter also shows an inversely proportionality to the exponent, m, in the Paris law which predicts the crack size increasement due to fatigue. The result observed in this study demonstrates high potential of the backward radiated ultrasound as a tool for the nondestructive evaluation of the corrosion-fatigue characteristics of the aged materials.

RDB 에서의 검색 효율을 위한 XML 문서 저장 모델

권훈,강인석,김정희,곽호영 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2004 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of the paper is design and implementation of Internet-Based Real-Time Admission XML instances for purpose of information exchange are normally stored in the legacy relational database. therefore, integrations with relational database are required for effective XML applications. to support these requirements, virtual decomposition storage or decomposition storage methods which save separates structures of instances to relational database have researched. however, these storage methods contain different information of instance structure and layers which has caused difficulties to process query during search operation as well as increased overheads due to duplicate savings for separate storages. therefore, in this research, additional field of "Eltype" has introduced to previous database schema structure to integrate instance and instance structure, provide .consistent information of layers and propose storage structure to map each field to schema field of relational database. as results, XML instance and structures can be stored together to minimize overheads and required disk space. also, synchronized storage layer structure provides easier processing of search query.

지형정보시스템을 이용한 임도노선의 선정에 관한 연구

全權石,麻鎬燮 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.2

임도망의 종합적인 계획을 위하여 지형정보시스템을 이용하여 경남 남해군에 위치한 금산주변의 국유림을 대상으로 몇가지 노선선정 기준에 따라 임도노선을 선정 하였다. 종단물매를 고려하여 임도망을 계획한 결과, 총연장 및 임도밀도는 20.41㎞, 6.92m/ha로 나타났으며, 일부구간의 노선이 대상지역의 경계영역과 인접하게 선정되어져 임업적 측면에서는 그 효율성이 떨어지는 경향이었다. 종단물매만을 고려한 임도망의경우 최소비용경로에 의한 격자별 누적비용은 10구역으로 구분되었으며, 이때 최고 누적비용은 종단물매만을 고려한 결과 22,548의 값을 가졌다. 비용에 의해 선정되어진 임도망을 1노선과 7노선은 시험림 3임반의 경계점에서 중복으로 노선이 선정되었으며, 중복선정된 2노선의 연장은 2.72㎞로 나타났다. 그리고 4노선과 5노선에서도 0.8㎞가 중복 선정되어 총 중복된 연장거리는 3.52㎞로서 다소 높게 나타났다. 구조적인 측면의 종단몰매와 생산적인 측면의 투자효과를 최대화하기 위하여 이들을 조합하여 노선을 계획한 결과 총연장 및 임도밀도는 21.15㎞, 7.17m/ha로서 구조적인 측면의 임도망 계획결과에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 종단물매와 임목축적을 고려한 임도망의 경우 최소 비용경로에 의한 격자별 누적비용은 9구역으로 구분되 이때 최고누적비용은 55.065의 값을 가졌다. 비용에 의해 선정되어진 임도망의 분석결과 3노선과 7노선은 3임반에서 일부구간이 중복선정되어 중복된 2노선의 연장은 0.95㎞이다. 그리고 4노선과 5노선에서도 구조적인 경우의 대안임도와 마찬가지로 0.8㎞가 중복 선정되어 총 중복된 연장거리는 1.73㎞로 나타났다. GIS 기법에 의한 임도망의 계획은 각 대안별 평가를 통하여 최종 의사결정자가 최적의 임도망을 선택할 수 있는 의사결정지원체계로서 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있는 것으로 평가된다. The purpose of this study is to suggest the proper method for planning an optimal forest road network in mountains forest using geographic information system (GIS) in the National Forest of Mt. Kumsan at Namhae-gun, Gyungsangnam-do. In the forest road network planning by the minimum longitudinal gradient, The total length was 20.41 km, and road density was 6.94m/ha. Some of road alignment selected in out-line of study area. So, it appeared that forest road have a low effectiveness in yarding function. The division area of mesh by accumulative cost divide into 10 area. The maximum value by cost path was 22,548. The road length overlapped by cost path was more long than that of mixed with the minimum longitudinal gradient and the maximization of investment effect as 3.52 km. In the forest road network planning by mixed with the minimum longitudinal gradient and the maximization of investment effect, The total length was 21.15 km, and road density was higher than that of the minimum longitudinal gradient as 7.17m/ha. The some of forest road selected in out-line of study area. The division area of mesh by accumulative cost divide into 9 areas. The minimum vlue by cost path was 55,065. The road length overlapped by cost path was more short than that of the minimum longitudinal gradient as 1.73 km. So, it appeared that forest road has an high effectiveness in yarding function. Therefore, it was considered that the GIS could provide an effective and reasonable solutions for planning of optimal forest road network.

정신분열병 환자의 가족부담 척도 개발에 대한 예비연구

김철권,조진석,서지민,김용관,김호찬,김현수,김상수,제영묘 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.3

연구목적 : 정신분열병 환자의 가족이 느끼는 부담을 측정하기 위한 가족부담 척도를 개발하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 200명의 정신분열병 환자 가족과의 비구조적 면담과 외국 부담척도 고찰을 통하여 94문항을 수집하였고 그 다음에 전문가들과 가족들이 문항 및 영역을 분류하고 통합하여 최종적으로 36문항을 선정하였다. 그리고 정신분열병 환자의 가족 135명, 불안장애 환자의 가족 22명, 기분부전장애 및 신체화 장애 환자의 가족 26명, 치매 환자의 가족 49명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 결 과 : 자료분석 결과 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 내적 일치도, 감별타당도 모두 높게 나타났으며, 요인분석을 통해 다섯 가지 구성요인이 추출되었다. 결 론 : 본 가족부담 척도는 정신분열병을 포함한 만성 정신질환을 앓고 있는 환자의 호전과 가족의 부담을 덜어주기 위한 다양한 프로그램의 효과를 검증하는데 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This preliminary study was carried out to develop the Family Burden Scale(FBS) of the schizophrenics. Methods : Ninety-four items were collected by interviewing in a free unstructured format with one relative of each 200 schizophrenic patients and reviewing foreign FBS's. Several professionals and relatives were asked to group and integrate them into several categories. Finally 36 burden items were chosen to constitute a FBS. The FBS was administered to the relatives of 135 schizophrenic, 22 anxiety disorder, 26 dysthymic disorder and somatization disorder, and 49 dementia patients for examining the reliability and validity. Results : The FBS showed high test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant validity. The results of the factor analysis revealed five-factor solution. Conclusion : The FBS can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various programs intended not only to reduce decompensation among schizophrenics, but also to alleviate family burden.

심상성 루프스에서 Nested-Primer Gene Amplification Assay에 의한 결핵균 DNA의 검출

신문석,전효진,김병천,이규석,김재룡,권호준,송준영 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1994 계명의대학술지 Vol.13 No.4

Lupus vulgaris, which is a progressive form of postprimary tuberculosis in patients with a moderate to high degree of immunity and tuberculin sensitivity, is the most common, most serious, and most variable type of cutaneous and mucous membrane tuberculosis. Domonstration of M.tuberculosis directly or in culture in some of these eruptions can be difficult. It is essential to demonstrate the presence of M.tuberculosis in a clinical sample for a definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis. With the discovery of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the DNA diagnostic approach for infection has developed in a short period. With the dual purpose of definitive and rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis, this study examined the usefulness of a nested PCR for detection of M. turberculosis. Compared with a single-step PCR, the two-step PCR was able to enhance sensitivity approximately 1,000-fold on the basis of bacterial counts and DNA quantity. We concluded that two-step nested PCR appeared to be the most useful PCR protocol for early and sensitive diagnostic method detecting M.tuberculosis in acid-fast stain negative specimens.

크론병에 대한 CoPPLX의 방어효과에 대한 연구

이호학,김유림,문창기,이재일,양병윤,김종수,이정민,정재혁,안석진,박상준,김윤권,김소연,김영중,조민구,최영자,장성조 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2005 圓光醫科學 Vol.20 No.1