Nd:YAG 레이저 조사와 불화물 도포가 탈회법랑질의 재광화에 미치는 영향

조현,이광희,김대업 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

Normal pulsed Nd:YAG 레이저 조사와 불소화합물이 산성음료수에 의해 탈회된 법랑질의 표면 미세경도에 미치는 재광화 효과를 평가하고자 한다. 법랑질 시편을 제작하여 50ml 플라스틱 시험관 5개에 코카콜라를 채운 후 30개의 소구치를 6개씩 나누어 넣고 탈회시켰다. 법랑질 표면에 6W 출혁하의 50mJ 에너지 밀도, 20Hz의 pulse rate로 레이저를 조사하였다. 레이저가 조사된 법랑질 표면에 각 군별로 여러 형태의 불소화합물을 처리한 후 탈회 전, 후의 미세경도 및 Diagnodent를 측정하였다. 동일한 방법으로 탈회된 법랑질에 레이저를 조사했을 때와 레이저가 조사된 법랑질 표면에 불소화합물을 처치한 후에 미세 경도 및 Diagnodent를 측정하였다. 법랑질 표면을 산성 음료에 탈회 후, 레이저 조사 후, 불소화합물 처치 후의 각각의 시편에 대하여, 주사전자현미경으로 1500배 확대하여 관찰하였다. 1. 산성 탈회된 법랑질 표면의 미세경도(VHN)가 레이저를 조사한 수와 불소 도포 후에 증가하였으나, 레이저 조사 후의 경도와 불소 도포 후의 경도간의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 2. 초기 경도, 탈회 후 경도, 레이저 조사 후 경도, 불소 도포 후 경도에서 불소군 간의 차이는 모두 유의하지 않았고, 불소 용액 군과 불소 젤 군에서는 레이저 조사 후의 경도와 불소 도포 후의 경도 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 불소 바니쉬군에서는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3. Diagnodent 측정치의 변화에서 초기 점수, 탈회 후 점수, 레이저 조사 후의 점수와 불소 도포 후의 점수 간에는 유의한 차이가 있었고, 레이저 조사 후 점수와 불소 도포 후의 점수가 불소 도포 군 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4. 산성 음료수에 탈회된 법랑질 표면에의 Nd:YAG 레이저 조사는 재광화에 효과적이며, 불소화합물의 처치는 레이저의 효과를 증가시키는 부가적인 효과를 갖는다. 5. 주사 전자 현미경상에서 Nd:YAG 레이저가 조사된 법랑질 표면은 전체 표면이 법랑소주가 녹아내려 융합된 매끈한 바닥에 균열이 생기고 분화구가 퍼져 있는 양상을 보였으며, 불소 도포 후에는 균열과 분화구 형태는 뚜렷하지 않으며 탈회된 후의 표면에 가까운 양상을 보였다. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and fluorides on acid demineralized enamel. The materials were 30 freshly extracted permanent premolars with intact smooth enamel surfaces. They were demineralized with Coca-cola at 37℃ for 12 hours and then irradiated by Nd:YAG laser with 6W power, 50mJ/㎠ energy density, and 20Hz pulse repetition. After laser irradiation, teeth were treated by three kinds of fluorides; (1) 0.05% NaF fluoride solution (2) 1.23% APF gel and (3) 0.1%F fluoride varnish, microhardness(VHN) and Diagnodent scores were measured and the surfaces of each treated specimens were also observed with SEM under 1500 magnification. The results were as follows: 1. In the change of microhardness(VHN), it decreased to 34.68% from the initial micrhardness, increased to 78.37% after laser irradiation and increased to 82.62% after fluoride treatment, there were significant differences except when it was irradiated and treated with fluoride(P<0.05). 2. In the change of Diagnodent scores, it was decreased to 28.08% from the initial scores after demineralization, and then increased to 59.81% after laser irradiation, and increased to 82.17% after fluoride treatment. Scores were different significantly between the scores of initial, demineralization, laser irradiation and fluoride treatment (P<0.05). All the scores were not different significantly between fluoride types. 3. SEM observation showed that the lased enamel surfaces after demineralization were thermally degenerated and showed molten lava-like appearance and crater with cracks and many microholes.

원예작물의 염류장애 원인과 대책을 위한 생리, 생화학적 연구 2. 토마토 뿌리조직 H+ 펌프 활성 및 Thapsigargin 저해효과

조광현,사공정,김영기 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 1997 연구보고서 Vol.2 No.-

Thapsigargin은 동물조직 SR/ER-type Ca²+-ATPase에 특이성이 높은 선택적 저해제로서 토마토 뿌리조직으로부터 분리한 마이크로솜에 Ca²+-ATPase의 존재를 확인하기 위하여 사용되었다. 원형질막과 액포막에 위치하는 H+-ATPase들의 활성은 각각의 선택적 저해제인 vanadate와 NO₃를 이용하여 평가하였고, 이들의 활성은 각각 마이크로솜 ATPase 총활성의 ∼26%, ∼36%로 나타났다. 이들 두 가지 저해제 효과는 additive하게 나타났으며, 전체활성의 약 50∼70%를 저해함을 확인하였다. 마이크로솜 ATPase활성에 대한 thapsigargin의 저해효과에서 10 μM thapsigargin은 총활성의 30%를 저해하였으며, 저해효과는 농도 의존적으로 나타났다. Thapsigargin에 의한 활성저해 기작을 조사하기 위하여 H+-ATPase의 선택적 저해제들을 사용하였다. 액포막의 H+-ATPase 활성에 대한 thapsigargin의 효과를 조사하기 위한 NO₃의 dose-response 실험에서, thapsigargin은 NO₃에 의해 저해되는 ATPase활성을 경쟁적으로 감소시켰다. 반면, vanadate의 농도를 10 nM∼2mM로 증가시켜 원형질막의 H+-ATPase 활성을 저해시킨 조건에서는 thapsigargin에 의하여 저해되는 활성이 온전히 나타나 vanadate의 저해효과와는 무관한 결과를 얻었다. 이러한 결과는 액포막 H+-ATPase의 활성이 thapsigargin에 의해 저해된다는 것을 의미한다. 저자들은 액포막 H+-ATPase의 활성이 Ca²+에 의하여 저해됨을 이미 보고하였다 (Cho et al., 1998). Thapsigargin에 의하여 저해되는 마이크로솜 ATPase활성은 반응용액의 Ca²+농도가 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 이것은 thapsigargin이 액포막 H+-ATPase 활성을 저해한다는 가능성을 더욱 지지하였다. 이상의 결과는 토마토 뿌리조직의 마이크로솜 ATPase중 액포막의 H+-ATPase 활성이 thapsigargin에 의해서 저해되는 것을 보여주며, 액포막 H+-ATPase와 ER-type Ca²+-ATPase와의 구조적, 기능적 연관성이 있을 가능성을 제안한다. The effect of thapsigargin, a SR/ER-type Ca²+-ATPase inhibitor, was investigated to determine the presence of thapsigargin-sensitive Ca²+-ATPases in the microsomes of tomato roots. The activities of plasma membrane H+-APTase and vacuolar H+-ATPase were evaluated to ∼26% and ∼36% of total microsomal ATPase activity by using their specific inhibitors, vanadate and NO₃, respectively. The inhibitory effects of vanadate and NO₃- were additive and the simultaneous additions of these two inhibitors decreased the total activity up to 50∼70%. Thapsigargin (10μM) inhibited the microsomal ATPase activity by ∼30% and the thapsigargin-induced inhibition was appeared to be dose-dependent. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of thapsigargin-induced inhibition, the effects of specific H+-ATPase inhibitors were tested and compared to the effect of thapsigargin. The NO₃-induced inhibition was decreased by simultaneous treatment of thapsigargin. In dose-response experiments of vanadate and NO₃-, thapsigargin only blocked the NO₃-induced inhibition, while the effects of vanadate and thapsigargin were independent at the whole range of vanadate concentration (10 nM∼2 mM). Meanwhile, the thapsigargin-induced inhibition was decreased by increasing Ca²+ concentration. Since we have shown that Ca²+ blocks the activity of vacuolar H+-ATPase, these results together suggest that thapsigargin inhibits the NO₃-sensitive vacuolar H+-ATPase but not the vanadate-sensitive plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Our results also suggest that there is structural and functional relations between vacuolar H+-ATPase and SR/ER-type Ca²+-ATPase.

심장수술 2,450예와 심장이식

조광현,황윤호,이양행,류지윤 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1S

인제대학교 부산백병원에서는 1985년 10원 개심술이 처음 시행된 이후 1998년 말까지 2,450예의 개심및 비개심 심장수술이 이루어졌는데 이중 개심술이 2,290예, 비개심술은 160예 였다. 개심술 중 선천성이 1,697예(74.1%), 후천성이 573예(25.9%)였으며, 선천성 중에는 비청색증군이 1,548예(91.2%), 청색증군이 149예(8.8%)이었다. 후천성 중에는 심장판막질환이 471예(79.6%)로 가장 많았고, 관상동맥우회수술이 73예(12.1%), 대동맥류수술이 28예(4.7%), 심장종양절제술이 15예(2.5%) 및 심장이식수술이 2예, 기타 4예 등이었다. 특히 1993년부터 심장이식술을 위한 기초 및 동물실험 을 계속하다가 1997년 9월 말기심부전증환자에게 심장이식이 성공적으로 이루어져 개심술의 새로운 장을 열게 되었다. 술후 조기 사망은 선천성 비청색증군에서 30예(1.9%), 청색증군에서는 27예(16.7%), 후천성질환군에서는 26예(4.4%)였고, 전체 수술성공률은 96.5% 로 비교적 좋은 성적을 거두었다. From Sep. 1985 to Dec. 1998, 2,450 cases of heart operation including 2 cases of orthotopic heart transplantaion were performed in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Inje Universty, Pusan Paik Hospital The results of retrospective clinical review of them were obtained as follows. 1.Open heart surgery cases and non-open heart surgery cases were 2.290 and 160, respectively. Among the open heart cases, congenital cases and acquired cases were 1,697(74.1%) and 593 (25.9%), respectively. 2.Among the congenital cases, acyanotic cases and cyanotic cases were 1,548(91.2%) and 149(8.8%), respectively. The postoperative hospital mortality was 1.9% (30 cases) in the acynotic group and 16.6% (25 cases) in the cyanotic group. 3.Among the acquired cases, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, aortic aneurysm, cardiac tumor, heart transplantation and others were 471 (79.6%), 73(12.1%), 28(4.7%), 15(2.5%), 2(0.3%) and 4(0.7%) cases, respectively. 4.Prosthetic valve replacement (457 case, 97.0%) and valve reconstructive surgery(14 cases, 3.0%) were performed for the valvular diseases. Postoperative hospital mortality of valve surgery and coronary artery bypass surgery was 2.8% (13 cases) and 28.6% (6 cases), respectively. 5.28 cases of aortic aneurysm (ascending or arch aneurysm) were operated under cardiopulmonary bypass. The causes of aneurysm were annuloaortic ectasia(9), dissecting aortic aneurysm(16), and non-dissecting chronic aneurysm(8). The early postoperative hospital mortality was 8 cases(28.6%). 6.Two cases of heart transplantation were performed successfully using Shumway method .The total ischemic time of donor heart was 80 minutes and 50 minutes respectively. 7.Minimally invasive surgery (using lower sternal incision) was performed successfully in the cases of mitral and tricuspid valve diseases(10) and congenital septal defects (20). In conclusion, the over all postoperative hospital mortality was not so high as 3.5 %, whereas more proper management for congenital cyanotic group was seemed to be necessary.

광학적 측정을 이용한 정밀 스테이지 위치오차의 실시간 측정 방법에 관한 연구

조웅,현광익,김종형 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

This paper suggests method to measure that error of the precision stage is used precision process and measurement equipment by using camera optics. Though laser interferometer measures position error of stage when precision stage is manufactured by us or it is used to measure stage for the nonce as a general rule, optics tooling position measurement method to suggest is possible to apply in real-time and trace an error range continually. Therefore it is able to improve capabilities of equipment by compensating an error range when operates precision process and measurement equipment in real-time.

Fallot 四徵症의 根治手術

曺洸鉉 인제대학교 1985 仁濟醫學 Vol.6 No.1

One of the most common of the more serious congenital malformations of the heart is the tetralogy of Fallet, which is said as the watershed between the simple and complex cardiac anomalies. And, therefore, all cardiac surgeons have been much interested in surgical approach of this anomaly. Although Stensen deserves credit for the first description in 1972 of what is new termed the tetralogy of Fallot, nevertheless it is Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot (1888) of Marseille, France, whose name is characteristically attached to this congenital cardiac disorder. In the original description of this, Fallot stated, "This malformation consists of a true anatomopathological type represented by the following tetralogy: (1) stenosis of the pulmonary artery; (2) interventricular communication; (3) deviation of the origin of the aorta to the right; (4) hypertrophy, almost always concentric, of the right ventricle. Failure of obliteration of the foramen ovale mar ocassionally be added in a wholly accessory manner." Despite the fact that accurate clinical diagnosis could often be established after these contributions by fallot, nevertheless, many years passed before definitive treatment of this was initiated by Blalock and Taussig (1945) with the establishment of the subclavian artery to pulmonary artery anastomosis. Thereafter, several types of this kind of palliative operation were established by Potts (1946), Waterston (1962), Sellors (1948), Brock (1948) and Glenn (1954). In an imaginative and daring effort, in 1954, Lillehei using controlled crass-circulation, carried out the first intracardiac repair of this anomaly by closing the VSD and relieving the pulmonary stenosis under direct vision. The results of surgery for this have steadily improved over the years, thanks to important contributions of many surgeons. Nevertheless because of its protean physiologic and anatomic presentations, tetralogy of Fallot continues to offer challenges to cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. Auther wanted to study and summarize about the radical operation of this anomaly with literature review.

유사체액에서의 전기화학적 처리가 티타늄 표면의 인산갈슘 흡착에 미치는 영향

조국현,김문영,송광엽,배태성,이민호 大韓齒科器材學會 2002 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.29 No.3

This study was performed to examine the effect of electrochemical treatment on the precipitation of apatite-like calcium phosphate in a simulated body fluid. Titanium plates of 20×20×1 ㎣ in dimensions were polished sequentially from #600 to #2,000 emery paper and one surface of each specimen was received an additional polishing sequence through 0.1㎛ alumina paste. To improve the bioactivity of titanium plates, they were electrochemically treated at 100 mA for 20 min in an electrolyte containing the calcium and phosphate ions, and the Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at 36.5℃ for 30 days, and the surfaces were examined with X-ray diffractometer(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XPS). Precipitation of calcium phosphate and CaO were observed on the electrochemically treated titanium surface in a simulated body fluid after treatment at 600℃. Precipitation of calcium phosphate was densified and coarsened with increasing the temperature of the electrolyte solution in the range of 20-80℃. The calcium phosphate contained phosphate in the form of Po₄^3-, HPO₄^2-, and H₂PO₄^-.

대기 현상에 대한 초등학생의 선개념 및 오개념 분석

조현희,김광명 춘천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.24 No.-

Air abrasion 기술을 이용한 유치 및 영구치의 수복

조현,이광희,김대업,송인경 大韓小兒齒科學會 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

Air-abrasion 기술은 입자의 운동에너지를 이용하여 비기계적인 방법으로 치아를 처리하거나 치아표면에 존재하는 착색이나 치석을 제거하는 방법으로서, 환자의 불안이나 불편감을 증가시킬 수 있는 압력, 진동이나 열의 발생이 적고 건전한 치질의 보존이 용이하며 특히 소아환자에서 마취의 필요성을 감소시키고 시술부위에서의 타액오염을 가능성을 줄여주고 건조한 시술부위 유지에 용이하고 수복재의 결합력을 증가시켜주는 등의 여러 장점을 지니고 있어, 복합레진을 위한 와동형성, 열구전색을 위한 치아형성, 산 부식 대신 또는 산부식전 치아표면의 처리, 초기 우식증의 진단 등에 이용될 수 있다. 본 증례는 유중절치의 인접면 우식치료, 유구치의 교합면 우식치료, 제1대구치의 우식치료 및 우식 예방을 air abrasion 기술을 사용하여 수복한 바, 환자의 행동조절 및 시술부위의 완전한 건조가 어려운 소아환자에게 있어 임상적으로 유용하다고 여겨지며 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. Air abrasion technology can prepare enamel and dentin for bonding, similar to etching by acidic gels and solutions. Longer treatment can excavate pit and fissures, preparing the tooth for immediate placement of bonded materials. Although not appropriate for every clinical situation, the air abrasive technology minimizes heat, vibration and bone-conducted noise associated with conventional means of caries removal since the cutting is accomplished by air pressure. Also, patients treated with the air-abrasion technology rarely request anesthesia. Air abrasion technology was more effective in treating early carious lesions and stains compared to lesions where caries had already progressed to produce soft dentin and the strong air stream and noise caused by the evacuation system was a major discomfort to pediatric patients, and the experience and skillfulness of clinician should be required for accurate and proper tooth preparation.

γ-PGA에 포함된 D-glutamate의 효소화학적 정량분석

조현정,지광환 금오공과대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Bacillus subtilis chungkookjang produces a new biofunctional polymer, poly y-glutamic acid (γ-PGA). γ-PGA consists of D and/or L-glutamate and its ratio is different depending microorganisms and culturing environrrents, Here we are reporting the new enzymatic method to determine the stereochemistry of D-glutamic acid composition ratio in γ-PGA D-amino acid aminotransferase (D-AAT) can catalyzes transamination between D-amino acids and a-keto acids. Thus the amount of D-glutamate in γ-PGA can be determined by the assaying the amount of produced D-alanine followed by the reaction of D-AAT in the presence of pyruvic acid. D-glutamate and D-alanine can be separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in NH₄0H : ethanol (2:8, v/v) solvent system D-alanine can be visualized by ninhydrin (0.5% in 75% ethanol) spraying and quantitated by the measurement the absorbance of TLC spot followed by the elution with 0.005% copper sulfate in 75% ethanol at EOOnm. Partially purified D-AAT is good enough to carry out this new and very convenient method to determine the amount of D-glutamic acid in γ-PGA.

심장수술 2,450예와 심장이식

조광현,황윤호,이양행,류지윤 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1