Complication of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) in Gastric Cancer

김명세(Myung Se Kim),김성규(Sung Kyu Kim),송선교(Sung Kyo Song),김홍진(Hong Jin Kim),권굉보(Koing Bo Kwan),김흥대(Heung Dae Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1992 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.10 No.2

영남대학교 의료원 치료방사선과에서 1988년 6월 15일에 위함 환자의 수술중 방사선치료를 시작한 이래 1992년 8월 30일까지 총 58예에서 시도하여 그중 53예에서 IORT를 실시하였으며, 정기적인 추적검사에서 한명의 국소개발 환자도 보고되지 않고 있다. 출혈(3예), 장관폐쇄(3예), 폐혈증(2예), 골수기능저차(1예)를 포함한 총 9예(17%)의 합병증이 보고되었고, 이중 6예(13%)가 사망하였다. IORT(1500cGy), 외부 방사선치료 (-4500cGy)와 강한 항암제를 병합치료 하였음에도 불구하고 주등(수술과 항암제 치료)의 25.2%, 김등(수술 불가능한 환자에서 항암제 투여)의 18%, 리등(수술)의 18.5%, Kraming등(IORT 2800-3500cGy)의 35.3%에 비해 낮은 합병증을 보여 IORT가 위암의 치료에 공헌할 수 있음을 시사하였다. 그러나 비교적 높은 치사율(11.3%)은 더욱 세심한 수술수기 및 수술 후 환자의 치료가 필요하며 외부 방사선치료와 항암제치료의 적절한 시기 조절 및 치료선량의 가감이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Local control is the important prognostic factor in cancer treatment because local control decrease the relative risk of metastatic spread and increase distant metastasis free survival. IORT is the modality which could increase local control without increasing complication, combined with curative operation. Eventhough we could achieve significant deacreased local failure by IORT and curative resection, it should not be committed as a main treatment modality without proving acceptable complications. Therapeutic Radiology Department of Yeungnam University Medical Center have tried 58 IORT from June 15, 1988 and performed 53 IORT in patients with gastric cancer. No local failure had been reported including interstinal obstrution, hemorrhage, sepsis, and bone marrow depression. These complications could be comparable to Jo's 25.2% (chemotherapy + operation), Kim's 18% (chemotherapy only in inoperable patients), because our treatment regimen is consisted of IORT (1500cGy), external irradiation (--4500cGy) and extensive chemotherapy (FAM, 5FU + MMC, BACOP). Our data encouraged us to re-inforce further IORT in stomach cancer treatment.

누설전류 파형 측정에 의한 실리콘 고무의 표면 열화 평가

김정호,정규원,서광석,유영식,박용관 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1999 論文集 Vol.50 No.1

In this study, we investigated the erosion resistance of the silicone rubber by measuring leakage current with Inclined-Plane Method. From the results of our study, it was observed that the typical leakage current waveform was the mixed figure of sinusoidal wave and rectifying wave. And, it is considered that the former is due to conductivity of the contaminant when the surface is wet, and the latter is due to the arc discharge of dry band. And, as the surface erosion is being accelerated, the proportion of the rectifying wave is increasing. And, the ratio of discharge duration to discharge-extinguish time changes and can be divided into three regions, which is similar to the changes of erosion depth and width. Therefore, it can be known that the erosion process has some correlation with the change of leakage current.

유료방송 시장의 구조적 특성과 프로그램공급업의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 정책

김관규 동국대학교 2007 사회과학연구 Vol.13 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 국내 유료방송시장의 구조적 특징과 방송위원회의 정책이 프로그램공급업자의 경쟁력을 강화시키는지를 분석하는 것이다. 1995년 케이블TV가 등장한 이후로 유료방송시장은 급성장 해왔고, 유료방송시장에 참여하는 미디어수도 크게 늘어났다. 유료방송TV 가입자와 전체 매출액은 최근 5년 동안 급격하게 증가하였다. 하지만 이러한 성장은 외형적인 결과에 불과하다. 각 사업자의 실제 수입을 나타내는 ARPU(가입자 1인당 수입액)는 2000년 이후로 점차 감소하고 있다. 특히, 프로그램공급업자는 유료방송시장에서 매우 어려운 문제에 직면해 있다. 프로그램공급업자에 대한 정책이 허가제에서 등록제로 전환하면서, 사업자수가 케이블TV에서 방송할 수 있는 능력을 훨씬 뛰어넘게 되었다. 또한 프로그램공급업자와 케이블TV방송사 사이의 계약이 불공정하게 이루어지고 있다. 케이블TV방송사는 적절한 수신료를 프로그램공급업자에게 지불하지 않고 있다. 그리고 지상파방송의 자회사들이 유료방송시장으로 진출하여 점유율을 점차 확대하고 있다. 방송위원회는 프로그램공급업자의 경쟁력을 강화하기 위하여 공정한 거래 조건, 지상파방송 계열사에 대한 규제 강화, 프로그램공급업자에 대한 소유규제 완화 등의 정책을 추진하고 있는데, 이러한 정책은 프로그램공급업자의 경쟁력 강화에 필요한 조치이다. The purpose of this study is to explore what structural characteristics pay television’s market has and the political measure of KBC(Korean Broadcasting Commission) is to strengthen competitive power of PP(program provider) or not. The pay television’s market has rapid growth and the numbers of media companies entered in market have increased since the appearance of Cable TV, 1995. And, the numbers of subscriber and the total sales of media companies in The pay television’s market has fully increased last five years. However, this growth is only physical results, the ARPU(Average Revenue Per Unit) which represents real earnings has decreased since 2000. Especially, PP has faced with many difficult problems in pay television’s market. Since the Policy of PP changed from a licence system to a registration one, the number of PP outnumbered the capacity of channels being able to be used. Also, the contracts between PP and SO(System Operator) is not fair. SO does not paid reasonable fees. And, the subsidiary companies of the terrestrial TV has gradually increased rate of share in The pay television’s market. Political measures of KBC for strengthening PP competitive power are providing the conditions of fair contracts, reinforcement of the regulation to the subsidiary companies of the terrestrial TV, and easing regulation of ownership of PP companies. Those measures is needed for strengthening PP competitive power by that industries.

일본의 디지털 방송 추진정책에 따른 방송환경의 변화

김관규 啓明大學校 社會科學硏究所 2001 한국사회과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

이 논문은 우리보다 빨리 방송의 디지털화를 추진하고 있는 일본에서 대두되는 주요 문제점과 이 문제점을 해결하기 위해 실시한 대응책을 분석하고 우리에게 주는 시사점을 살펴보고자 한다. 일본의 방송의 디지털화 추진과정에서 다음과 같은 시사점을 생각해 볼 필요가 있다. 첫 번째는, 디지털 위성방송이 가입자 확보가 순조롭게 이루질 수 있는가하는 문제이다. 스카이라이프 측의 예상에 따르면 2005년에는 275만 8,000세대를 목표로 하고 있다. 일본의 SkyㆍPerfecTV가 5년 동안 270만 세대에 육박한 것을 보아 불가능한 목표는 아닐 수도 있다. 하지만 한국의 시청시장이 일본의 4분의 1수준임 점과 SkyㆍPerfecTV는 가입자를 확보하기 위하여 프로그램에 상당히 높은 비용을 투자하여 5년 누적적자가 500억엔에 달하고 있는 점을 고려할 때 반드시 낙관적인 전망을 할 수 없다. 두 번째는 국내의 지상파 디지털화전환에 필요한 재원확보이다. 일본은 방송국의 디지털 전화에 대한 정부지원방법과 그 규모를 구체적으로 산정하고 있다. 우리 정부도 국가정책상 필요에 의해 디지털화를 성급히 추진하고 있는 현 실정을 충분히 고려해 지금부터 장기적인 계획을 수립하여 디지털 방송장비 투자에 대한 세액공제나 장기저리융자 등 가능한 방법과 그 규모를 정확히 산정하여 제시해야 한다. 세 번째는 방송의 디지털화를 원활하게 추진하기 위한 법적ㆍ제도적 정비를 들 수 있다. 일본에서 최근에 제기되는 방송과 통신에 관련된 모든 법을 신정보통신법(가칭)으로 통합ㆍ재편하자는 움직임을 주의 깊게 관찰하여 디지털 방송 시대에 적합한 방송법의 개정을 논의할 필요가 있다. This Paper is purposed to deal with the major problems and policy to solve those in DTV(Digital Television) transition of Japan and the implications to give South Korea to plan to launch DTV in a few years. The three points which we consider about implementing the digital broadcasting policy in Japan are followings: Firstly, how many is subscribers of digital satellite broadcasting increasing? As for the plan of Skylife, it is expecting subscribers of 2.75 million till 2005 year. It is not impossible, considering the fact that SkyㆍPerfecTV has arriving at subscribers of 2.75 million for five years. However, because the number of audiences in South Korea is one-forth to Japan's, we cannot expect that Skylife should have same numbers of subscribers as Japan's in five years. And SkyㆍPerfecTV has invested many resources in a lot of good contents, than it has cumulative deficit of 5,000 million Yen for five years. Secondly, how we can supply immerse finances which is most difficult problem for digitalization. Japanese government has made it a principle to supplying finances. South Korea government, however, has not concrete plan to solve this problem. South Korea government and the authorities concerned have to do best as co-assistants for digitalization. Thirdly, South Korea needs to make rules and provisions for public services of digital broadcasting. Policy and regulatory structure of South Korea and Japan are also separate in its function. It turned out insufficient existing system to cope with convergence of broadcasting and telecommunication in digital age. This study suggests an unitary commission to resolve various problems for digitalization.

인공 산성비 용액 함침 및 경사평면법에 의한 옥외용 실리콘 고무의 열화 특성 평가

김정호,정규원,유영식,양계준,박용관 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1999 論文集 Vol.50 No.1

We investigated the effect of acid rain on the surface aging, and resistance to tracking and erosion of silicone rubber materials : First, we measured the contact angle, SEM, EDX, and weight reduction to investigate the surface aging caused by immersion in the artificial acid rain solution. From the results of a series of experiments, we concluded that the acid rain attacked the base polymer of the surface, and lead to the depolymerization. Second, we adopted Inclined-Plane Method to measure the resistance to tracking and erosion of silicone rubber, and rather not observably affected the immersed specimen in the tracking resistance than in the erosion resistance.

合成洗劑가 빨간집모기의 生態, 生理學的 特性에 미치는 影響

金正和,李炯來,朴垠澈,李容揆,崔觀善 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2

It is considered a general experience that migration from rural to urban areas will go on in any developing countries pursuing economic development through industralization. In Korea, migration is considered one of the serious socio- economic problems because it has been made excessively fast than any other countries' experiences. The socio- economic problems originates in migration can be classified in two ways ; the one is the overpopulated problems of urban areas and emptied villages problems of rural areas, and the other is the shartage agricultural labor farce problems symbolized by the increasing idle cultivated land. To relieve migration effectively, the developing policies should be converted from pursuing fast industralization and urbanization to balance growth between areas and industries. Moreover problem solving political measure should be converted from partial and corresponding approaches to total approaches containing economic, social and institutional side-view.

연골막판으로 싼 정제된 산호의 조직학적 연구

김지수,손대구,한기환,최동원,박관규 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

Autogenous costal cartilage graft has been commonly used for reconstruction of auricular deformity. However, the risk of complication and discomfort at the donor site, as well as distortion of the graft due to morphological change in the cartilage have been serious drawbacks to this procedure. Previous studies examining the chondrogenic potential of perichondrium have suggested that perichondrium may be used as graft for cartilage reconstruction. When a perichondrial flap or a free perichondrium was used as graft, new cartilage formed appositional to the grafted perichondrium. However, the neocartilage was often irregular in shape and varied considerably in quantity. In this study, the feasibility of controlling the shape and the mass of neocartilage was investigated using coral, a porous biomaterial, as a template. A coral a template was wrapped with perichondrial flap from the ears of New Zealand white rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbit's back by incision. A total of 12 animals were used. Formation of new cartilage was later evaluated by gross and histological examination of the perichondrial flap and the coral template. New cartilage was formed in 11 animals. Immature chondrocytes were visible by 3 weeks after the surgery, and by 8 weeks the immature chondrocytes had formed a cartilage. New cartilage was formed only on the surface of the coral template. These results indicated that the shape and the mass of new cartilage may be controlled by using coral template. Therefore, the desired shape of cartilage may be achieved using a coral template of corresponding shape, and this may help in correcting subtle auricular contour defect and in correcting other structural defects that also require new cartilage formation.

청소년 생활지도의 발전적 과제

김규수,김관현,김태훈 [용인대학교 학생생활연구소] 2002 학생생활연구 Vol.10 No.-

Human being is considered as a "social animal" and tries to improve its own innate talent and skill and to satisfy its own desire. In this social situation, students must learn not only knowledge but also how not to hurt others. In other words, it' s more efficient to be aware of how to apply knowledge to anything else appropriately. In this respect, living guidance for teenagers, which is related with the social need and the students' development, is most important among any other service to help teenagers. Here are some considerations to guide their lives, to promote their desirable culture, and to lead them to the right direction. First, socio-environmental measures : It' s needed to clean up the harmful environment around teenagers and to establish some following policies. Second, encouragement of home education : We can take some examples such as decision of home motto, friendly conversation, Home Day, etc. Third, intrinsic attempt of school education : The national spirit can be based on the harmony between study guidance and living guidance. Fourth, activation of protective organizations : Teenagers can have dreams and ambitions by the protective organizations, which is responsibility of our nation and our era.

지베렐린과 에세폰의 葉面撒布가 '美白' 복숭아의 熟期와 品質에 미치는 影響

김영호,윤철구,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

In order to obtain the basic data for artificial maturity control of 'Mibaek' peach, GA and ethephon were foliar sprayed 4 weeks prior to harvest, and their effects on fruit maturity and quality were examined. GA and ethephon tended to decrease the fruit weight except 100mg ㆍ L-1 GA+50 to 100mg · L-1 ethephon treatment. GA increased the fruit firmness, and ethephon at higher concentration increased the fruit drop. Harvest date was advanced for 7 to 8 days by ethephon while was delayed for 6 to 8 days by GA treatment, regardless of concentration.

제 17대 대통령선거 후보자 TV토론 내용 평가

김관규 동국대학교 사회과학연구원 2008 사회과학연구 Vol.14 No.2

이 연구는 2007년 대통령선거 TV토론에 대한 토론의 내용을 평가하였다. 질문과 응답의 분석유목(정책관련성, 주제의 적합성, 명확성, 구체성, 심층성, 공격성)에 입각하여 선거캠페인 기간 동안 방영된 3회분의 TV토론에 대한 내용분석을 실시하였다. 질문 측면에서 정책관련성, 주제적합성, 구체성, 심층성 항목에서 2002년 보다 평가 수준이 낮은 방향의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 반면에 다른 후보를 공격하는 비율이 높은 것으로 나타나 후보들이 부정적인 전략을 많이 사용한 것으로 평가할 수 있었다. 응답 측면에서는 정책관련성, 주제적합성, 구체성, 심층성, 공격성 항목에서 2002년 TV토론과 유사한 결과였다. 질문과 응답의 이러한 차이는 2007년 TV토론의 형식에서 주요 원인을 찾을 수 있다. 2007년에 채택된 토론형식은 정책현안을 놓고 후보들 간의 빈번한 대결을 불러일으키지 못했다. TV토론이 유권자에게 주는 효용성을 위하여 토론포맷이 후보자의 질문과 응답의 질에 미치는 영향을 정확하게 평가해야 할 필요성이 제기되었다. This study estimated the debates󰡑quality in the 2007 Televised Presidential Debates. Debates. Based on categories of question and answer(policy relation, appropriateness of theme, clear identification, concreteness, complexity, attacking), I analyzed contents of debates televised 3 times in the 2007 presidential election campaign. In candidates󰡑questions, policy relation, appropriateness of theme, concreteness, complexity in the 2007 Televised Presidential Debates is lower than those of the 2002. But the rate of negative attacking to other candidates is higher than that of 2002. In candidates󰡑answers, all categories is same degree as those of the 2002. We can find the cause of difference between questions and answers on the formats in the 2007 Televised Presidential Debates. The adapted formats in this debate could not make frequent confrontations among candidates on policy issues. For utility of TV debates to voters, it is necessary to correctly evaluate the effects of the debate formats on the quality of candidates󰡑questions and answers.