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Tanabe, Koji,Kani, Shuichi,Shimizu, Takashi,Bae, Young-Ki,Abe, Takaya,Hibi, Masahiko The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.50
<P>Neurons have highly polarized structures that determine what parts of the soma elaborate the axon and dendrites. However, little is known about the mechanisms that establish neuronal polarity in vivo. Cerebellar Purkinje cells extend a single primary dendrite from the soma that ramifies into a highly branched dendritic arbor. We used the zebrafish cerebellum to investigate the mechanisms by which Purkinje cells acquire these characteristics. To examine dendritic morphogenesis in individual Purkinje cells, we marked the cell membrane using a Purkinje cell-specific promoter to drive membrane-targeted fluorescent proteins. We found that zebrafish Purkinje cells initially extend multiple neurites from the soma and subsequently retract all but one, which becomes the primary dendrite. In addition, the Golgi apparatus specifically locates to the root of the primary dendrite, and its localization is already established in immature Purkinje cells that have multiple neurites. Inhibiting secretory trafficking through the Golgi apparatus reduces dendritic growth, suggesting that the Golgi apparatus is involved in the dendritic morphogenesis. We also demonstrated that in a mutant of an atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), Prkci, Purkinje cells retain multiple primary dendrites and show disrupted localization of the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, a mosaic inhibition of Prkci in Purkinje cells recapitulates the aPKC mutant phenotype. These results suggest that the aPKC cell autonomously controls the Golgi localization and thereby regulates the specification of the primary dendrite of Purkinje cells.</P>
Shun Igarashi,Yuji Kasukawa,Koji Nozaka,Hiroyuki Tsuchie,Kazunobu Abe,Hikaru Saito,Ryo Shoji,Fumihito Kasama,Shuntaro Harata,Kento Okamoto,Keita Oya,Naohisa Miyakoshi 대한골다공증학회 2023 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.9 No.4
Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. Etelcalcetide (EC) is a treatment for SHPT that reduces serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. However, the effects of combined treatment with osteoporosis drugs such as teriparatide (TPTD) remain unclear. This study investigates the combined effects of EC and TPTD on bone in CKD model rats. Methods: The CKD model was established in 8-week-old male Wistar rats by feeding them a 0.75% adenine diet for 4 weeks. At 20 weeks of age, the rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 9–10 in each group): CKD group (vehicle administration), TPTD group (30 μg/kg, 3 times/week), EC group (0.6 mg/kg, daily), and Comb group (TPTD and EC combined). EC was injected for 12 weeks starting at 20 weeks of age, and TPTD was injected for 8 weeks starting at 24 weeks of age. After treatment, the followings were evaluated: bone mineral density, bone strength, biochemical tests, bone and fat histomorphometry, and micro-computed tomography. Results: In CKD model rats, the combination of EC and TPTD was more effective in increasing cortical bone thickness and bone strength and inhibiting porosity. In addition, the combined treatment decreased bone marrow adiposity and fibrosis, and it increased bone mass and improved bone microstructure in trabecular bone. Conclusions: With the observed benefits such as improved bone mass, bone strength, structural properties, and bone marrow adiposity, combination therapy may be a potential way to improve bone fragility in CKD.
Kazuya Inoki,Seiichiro Abe,Yusaku Tanaka,Koji Yamamoto,Daisuke Hihara,Ryoji Ichijima,Yukihiro Nakatani,Hsin- Yu Chen,Hiroyuki Takamaru,Masau Sekiguchi,Masayoshi Yamada,Taku Sakamoto,Satoru Nonaka,Haru 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.3
Background/Aims: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) requires the administration of intravenous (IV) fluorescein. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of IV fluorescein for both upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract pCLE. Methods: Patients 20 to 79 years old with gastric high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) were enrolled in thestudy. The dose de-escalation method was employed with five levels. The primary endpoint of the study was the determination ofthe optimal dose of IV fluorescein for pCLE of the GI tract. The reduced dose was determined based on off-line reviews by threeendoscopists. An insufficient dose of fluorescein was defined as the dose of fluorescein with which the pCLE images were notdeemed to be visible. If all three endoscopists determined that the tissue structure was visible, the doses were de-escalated. Results: A total of 12 patients with gastric HGD and 12 patients with CRNs were enrolled in the study. Doses were de-escalated to0.5 mg/kg of fluorescein for both non-neoplastic duodenal and colorectal mucosa. All gastric HGD or CRNs were visible with pCLEwith IV fluorescein at 0.5 mg/kg. Conclusions: In the present study, pCLE with IV fluorescein 0.5 mg/kg was adequate to visualize the magnified structure of both theupper and lower GI tract.
Kaneko, Kenji,Moon, Won-Jin,Inoke, Koji,Horita, Zenji,Ohara, Satoshi,Adschiri, Tadafumi,Abe, Hiroya,Naito, Makio Elsevier 2005 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.403 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>TiO<SUB>2</SUB>–Ag nanocomposite particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (7nm) dispersed AgNO<SUB>3</SUB> solution. The structures and morphologies of powders were carefully characterized by combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and three-dimensional electron tomography (3D-ET). It was clearly demonstrated by 3D-ET that the TiO<SUB>2</SUB>–Ag nanocomposite particle was consisted of well-dispersed Ag nanoparticles within TiO<SUB>2</SUB> matrix. Furthermore, it was shown by high-resolution TEM that the spray pyrolysis was capable of fabricating Ag particles with a few nm in size.</P>
Analysis of bone in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease model rats
Hikaru Saito,Naohisa Miyakoshi,Yuji Kasukawa,Koji Nozaka,Hiroyuki Tsuchie,Chiaki Sato,Kazunobu Abe,Ryo Shoji,Yoichi Shimada 대한골다공증학회 2021 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.7 No.4
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adenine-induced CKD model rats by serum analyses, and to examine bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength, and microstructure of trabecular and cortical bone in these rats. Methods: Eight-week-old, male Wistar rats (n ¼ 42) were divided into 2 groups: those fed a 0.75% adenine diet for 4 weeks until 12 weeks of age to generate CKD model rats (CKD group); and sham rats. The CKD and sham groups were sacrificed at 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age (n ¼ 7 in each group and at 12, 16, and 20 weeks), and various parameters were evaluated, including body weight, renal wet weight, muscle wet weight, renal histology, biochemical tests, BMD, biomechanical testing, and micro-computed tomography (CT). The parameters were compared between the 2 groups at the various time points. Results: In the CKD model rats, at 20 weeks of age, serum creatinine, phosphorus, and intact-PTH levels were elevated, and serum calcium levels were normal, indicating that the CKD was stage IV and associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Decreased BMDs of the whole body and the femur were observed as bone changes, and micro-CT analysis showed deterioration of bone microstructure of the cortical bone that resulted in decreased bone strength in the cortical and trabecular bone. Conclusions: These CKD model rats showed stage IV CKD and appear appropriate for evaluating the effects of several treatments for CKD-related osteoporosis and mineral bone disorder.
Kanamoto Hirohito,Norimoto Masaki,Eguchi Yawara,Oikawa Yasuhiro,Orita Sumihisa,Inage Kazuhide,Abe Koki,Inoue Masahiro,Kinoshita Hideyuki,Umimura Tomotaka,Matsumoto Koji,Masuda Yoshitada,Furuya Takeo,K 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.3
Study Design: Observational study.Purpose: To evaluate healthy volunteers and patients with spinal canal lesions using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps with diffusion-weighted imaging.Overview of Literature: Decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is selected on the basis of subjective assessment and cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is no objective standard for this procedure.Methods: We performed 3T MRI in 10 healthy volunteers and 13 patients with LSS. The ADC values in the spinal canal were evaluated at 46 vertebrae (L4/5 and L5/S1 for each participant), and the reduced and conventional fields of view were compared.Results: The ADC values were 2.72±0.12 at L4/5 in healthy volunteers, 2.76±0.19 at L5/S1 in healthy volunteers, 1.77±0.58 at L4/5 in patients with LSS, and 2.35±0.29 at L5/S1 in patients with LSS. The ADC value at L4/5 in patients with LSS was significantly lower than that at L5/S1 in patients with LSS and that at L4/5 and L5/S1 in healthy volunteers (<i>p</i> <0.05). With an ADC cutoff value of 2.46 to identify LSS, this approach provided an area under the curve of 0.81, sensitivity of 0.92, and specificity of 0.76 (<i>p</i> <0.05).Conclusions: Preoperative examination using ADC maps permits visualization and quantification of spinal canal lesions, thus proving the utility of ADC maps in the selection of decompression surgery for LSS.
Norimoto Masaki,Eguchi Yawara,Kanamoto Hirohito,Oikawa Yasuhiro,Matsumoto Koji,Masuda Yoshitada,Furuya Takeo,Orita Sumihisa,Inage Kazuhide,Maki Satoshi,Shiga Yasuhiro,Kinoshita Hideyuki,Abe Koki,Inoue 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.2
Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Purpose: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has traditionally been evaluated morphologically, there is a paucity of literature on quantitative assessment of LSS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intraspinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) are useful for assessing LSS. Overview of Literature: Quantitative assessment of LSS is challenging. Methods: Study participants comprised five healthy volunteers (mean age, 27.2 years) and 27 patients with LSS (mean age, 58.4 years) who were individually assessed using 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Intraspinal ADC and FA values of 10 intervertebral discs from healthy volunteers and 52 intervertebral discs from LSS patients were measured. Also, intraspinal canal area, Schizas classification (A: normal, B: mild stenosis, C: severe stenosis) and correlations with symptoms were investigated. Clinical symptoms were checked for the presence of low back pain (LBP), intermittent claudication (IMC), and bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD). Results: Compared to healthy individuals, LSS patients had significantly lower ADC (p <0.05) and significantly higher FA values (p <0.01). In Schizas classification, stenosis worsened from A to C. ADC values decreased significantly while FA values increased significantly in that order (p <0.05). A positive correlation was found between intraspinal canal area and ADC values (r =0.63, p <0.01) and a negative correlation between intraspinal canal area and FA values (p =−0.61, p <0.01). No correlations were noted between LBP and ADC or FA values. On the other hand, ADC values were significantly lower (p <0.05) and FA values were significantly higher (p <0.05) in patients with IMC or BBD. Conclusions: Intraspinal DTI parameters such as ADC and FA values were associated with the Schizas classification, intraspinal canal area, and clinical symptoms, suggesting that ADC and FA may be useful for quantitative assessment of LSS.