農藥과 環境과의 關係 : 農藥使用量 推移 및 農藥販賣商에 關하여 Agricultural chemical use and status of agricultural chemical dealers

金吉雄,林鍾聲 경북대학교 1981 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.-

In order to understand the interrelationship of agricultural chemical consumption with environment, the preliminary study was conducted to evaluate consumption of the agricultural chemicals in Korea and the present status of agricultural chemical dealers in Daegu city, emphasizing specially on qualification and academic background. The agricultural chemicals consumed in 1975 was 8,618.8 ton(a.i) and increased upto 14,454.2 ton(a.i.) in 1979, showing approximately an increase of 1.7 times during five years period. The academic background of managers working in the agricultural chemical dealers was mostly high school graduates and only 5.7% of them was agricultural college graduates in Daegu city as of December, 1981.

병풀(Centella asiatica) 엑스-베타시클로텍스트린 고체 분산체를 함유한 폴록사머 407 히드로겔 제조 및 피부투과

김경국,곽은선,이계원,박진규,박목순,지웅길 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Extract of Centella asiatica(ECA), which is poorly water-soluble extract from the Centella asiatica is known to express excellent wound healing properties. ECA-β-cyclodextrin (asiaticoside-β-cyclodextrin and genin-β-cyclodextrin) solid dispersion system, which was prepared by freeze-drying method, was formulated as gels containing poloxamer 407 and propylene glycol, and evaluated with respect to their viscosity. stability, skin permeation and drug amount in the skin of hairless mouse. The average molar ratio asiaticoside-β-CD and genin-β-CD was 1:1,7 and 1:22, respectively. When the molar ratio of genin and β-CD was 1:5, madecassic acid made 100% solid dispersion system and asiatic and about 65%. In dissolution study, >99% of asiaticoside from asiaticoside-β-CD was dissolved in 5 minutes, and >99% madecassic acid and >64% asiatic acid from genin-β-CD. The apparent viscosity of poloxamer 407 gels with ECA-β-CD solid dispersion system increased in proportion to poloxamer 407 and gels showed that asiaticoside was most stable and madecassic acid stable and asiatic acid similar to stability of gel with free ECA. The permeation amount of asiaticoside in poloxamer gels through-hairless mouse skin decreased as the concentration of poloxamer 407 increased. When propylene glycol was added at the level of 10%, the permeation amount of asiaticoside at poloxamer gels through hairless mouse skin increased but from 15% it decreased. The permeation of asiaticoside into the skin of hairless mouse was estimated to be about 0.10 ㎍/㎠.

색과 향의 첨가에 따른 콩나물의 기호도 조사

김학윤,박영호,허상선,이인중,신동현,김길웅 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2000 慶北大農學誌 Vol.18 No.-

Preferences on the change of color and aroma of soybean sprout was surveyed. Negative response of 'bad' or 'very bad' on pink (72%), red (60%), and green (44%) coloring was obtained. However, yellow coloring showed about 55% of positive response of 'good' or 'very good'. Thus yellow is the only color which received highly positive response among altered-color soybean sprouts. Significantly different result was observed when various aroma was added to soybean sprout. 80% of peanut scent-added soybean sprout and 76% of melon scent-added soybean sprout received positive response of 'good' or 'very good' while only 20% of the reponse was negative. In conclusion, altering color to yellow and addition of peanut scent or melon scent could increase the general preference of soybean sprout.

제초제(propanil. butachlor) 저항성 잡초 선발 방법에 관한 연구

정성엽,김영미,박재현,이재현,김학윤,이인중,신동현,김길웅 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 慶北大農學誌 Vol.17 No.-

This study was conducted to develop a simple selection method for herbicide-resistance weeds. Two methods, designated "seedling method" and "stem node method" were employed for screening of barnyardgrass against propanil and butachlor. In the seedling method, shoot and root growth of barnyardgrass were significantly inhibited at quarter of the recommended herbicide rate, while in the stem node method, the similar inhibition was obtained at half of the recommended rate. Thus, it was concluded that the seedling method is more simple and quick method to evaluate response of barnyardgrass to propanil and butachlor compared to stem node method.

질산술코나졸겔의 제조 및 약물방출에 관한 연구

현종목,김경국,지웅길 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1996 藥學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Sulconazole nitrate(SCN), an imidazole derivative which has been effective in the treatment of dermatophytosis, tinea versicolor and candidiasis, was formulated as a gel containing drug, poloxamer 407, ethanol and propylene glycol. The resulting SCN gels were evaluated with respect to their viscosity, drug release rate, skin permeation rate. The apparent viscosity of SCN gel increased in proportion to poloxamer 407, drug and propylene glycol concentration. In case ethanol was added, the apparent viscosity decreased. The drug release rate of SCN gel increased in proportion to temperature and ethanol concentration. But the drug release rate decreased as the concentration of poloxamer 407 increased. The increase of drug concentration induced nonlinear increase of drug release rate. When propylene glycol was added at the level of 10%, the drug release rate increased but from 15% it decreased. The skin permeation rate decreased in high concentration of poloxamer 407. The skin permeation rate of SCN gel containing 15% ethanol increased about twice than that of gel without ethanol. The increase of drug concentration induced nonlinear increase of skin permeation rate. When propylene glycol was added at the level of 10%, the skin permeation rate increased but from 15% it decreased.

염산 메트폴민을 함유하는 경구방출제어형 제제의 제조 및 용출특성

구본철,김정수,이계원,지웅길 忠南大學校 生命科學硏究院 醫藥品開發硏究所 2006 藥學論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent of the biguanide class used in the treatment of non-in-sulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metformin hydrochloride has intrinsically poor permeability in the lower portion of the GI-tract leading to absorption almost exclusively in the upper part of the GI-tract. Its oral bioavailability is in the range of 50 to 60%. It also has a very high water solubility. In this study, we prepared sustained release matrix system containing metformin hydrochloride using various characteristics of polyethylene oxide (PEO). The metformin hydrochloride matrix tablets were prepared by direct compressed method and wet granulation compressed method with various molecular weight of PEO. Even though the molecular weights of PEOs used were 900K, 2,000K, and 5,000K. Moreover, three types of matrix tablets were formulated compositions were same, the hardness was different. The release kinetics were studied for 9 hours in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid and pH 6.8 simulated intestinal fluid, using a dissolution tester at 37.5℃, 50 rpm. As the molecular weight of PEO increased, the release rate decreased due to the slower swelling and dissolution of PEO. For the effect of hardness of matrix tablets, the rate of drug release was decreased with increasing hardness.

국소마취제의 피부수송체를 위한 제제개발 및 평가

조미현,김동우,박용근,지웅길 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2002 藥學論文集 Vol.17 No.-

For the dermal drug delivery system of local anesthetics (lidocaine HCl, and benzocaine), the drugs were formulated as hydrogel. The experiments of the formulation design were summarized as below, the lipid-water partition coefficients of drugs were evaluated and the vehicles with different concentrations of ethanol, glycerine and various enhancers were prepared for the formulation of hydrogel. After using these vehicles, hydrogel were formulated. The gelling agent was poloxamer 407. The resulting preparations were evaluated using in vitro drug permeation and drug accumulation in hairless mouse skin. The preparations were also evaluated by their viscosity and stability, In addition, using the tail-flick analgesia test, analgesic activity of the gel was compared with that of commercial cream.

비페닐 디메틸 디카르복실레이트(DDB)의 용출향상을 위한 고체분산체의 제조 및 평가

이정우,김정수,이계원,지웅길 忠南大學校 生命科學硏究院 醫藥品開發硏究所 2006 藥學論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate(DDB) is synthetic compound derived from Schizandrin C, a component of Fructus Schizandrae. DDB is currently employed as an agent against virally induced hepatic injury and has been found to be effective in improving liver function and symptoms of patients with chronic viral hepatitis. But, DDB is practically water-insoluble and its dissolution rate is extremely low, resulting in very low bioavailability(20-30%). To improve the dissolution rate of DDB, solid dispersion particles of DDB were prepared with two different types of hydrophilic polymers such as Eudragit E100, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose(HPMC) by spray drying method. Properties of solid dispersions were characterized by DSC and PXRD. DDB tablets were prepared by compressing the powder mixtures composed of raw DDB, solid dispersions, lactose and Avicel PH102, magnesium stearate. At ratio above 1:3(w/w), DDB was amorphous state within DDB-Eudragit E100 solid dispersion. As the weight ratio of Eudragit E100 to DDB was increased, the dissolution rate of DDB-Eudragit E100 solid dispersion tablets was reached 69.37-98.29% after 30min. But, it rapidly decreased to 28.34-45.98% after 2hour due to precipitation of DDB. However, in case of 1:3:1 DDB-Eudragit E100-HPMC solid dispersion tablet containing HPMC, dissolution rate was reached 97.47% after 2hour without decrease of dissolution rate. From overall findings, DDB formulation containing Eudargit E100 and HPMC solid dispersion could be used to remarkably improve the dissolution rate in dosage form of tablets.

이트라코나졸 경구제제의 제제설계 및 평가

장혜진,김정수,이계원,지웅길 忠南大學校 生命科學硏究院 醫藥品開發硏究所 2006 藥學論文集 Vol.21 No.-

We prepared oral formulations of itraconazole by hot-melt process to increase dissolution rate of this drug. Oral liquid preparations of drug were prepared by melt method with lactic acid and blended with co-solvent, antioxidant and surfactant. Glycofurol and isopropyl alcohol were used as co-solvents, and ascorbic acid and as-corbyl palmitate were used as antioxidants, and TPGS and Gelucire 44/14 were used as surfactants. The final preparations contained 10% of itracnoazole as drug content percentage. The dissolution profiles of itraconazole from liquid preparation were determined at 37±0.5℃ at a stirring rate of 100 rpm using the paddle method. The oral absorption of itraconazole liquid preparation was studied in the rabbits. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC_(0-48hr), C_(max), T_(max)) were calculated from the plasma concentration-time data. The dissolution rate of itraconazole was higher for itraconazole liquid preparation filled into a hard gelatin capsule with 90% release within 20min as compared to 20% for Sporanox capsules. Both the AUC_(0-48hr) and C_(max) values of liquid formulation prepared with isopropyl alcohol were higher than those of itraconazole prepared with glycofurol. The dissolution rate of itraconazole liquid preparation was higher as compared to Sporanox capsules. The bioavailability of drug prepared with isopropanol were higher than those of drug prepared with glycofurol.

새로운 경구용 세파로스포린의 합성 및 항균작용

나성범,정명희,김완주,지웅길 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1993 藥學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

In order to develop oral cephalosporin having a new substituent at 3 position, the synthesis of cephalosporins modified at C-3 and the effect of the substituents on the oral absorption is studied. 7-[(Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyridyl)piperazinyl]thiocarbonylthiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (CEN1) and 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazinyl]thiocarbonylthiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (CEN2) were synthesized from 4-(2-piridyl)piperazinyl dithiocarbamate potassium salt or 4-(2-pirimidyl)piperazinyl dithiocarbamate potassium salt and cefotaxime. Also pivaloyloxymethyl esters of CEN1 and CEN2, pivaloyloxymethyl 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyridyl)piperazinyl]thiocarbonylthiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (CEN1P) and pivaloymethyl 7-[(z)-2(2-amnothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3[4-(2-pyrimidyl)pioerazinyl] thio carbonylthinoethyl-3-cephem-4-caroxylate (CEN2P) were synthesized. The in vitro activities of two new oral cephalosporins, CEN1 and CEN2, were compared with the in vitro activities of cefaclor and cefotaxime against a variety of bacterial species. CEN2 has a broad antibacterial spectrum covering Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, similar to that exhibited by CEN1 and cefotaxime. CEN1 and CEN2 were more active in vitro than cefaclor against Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae.