The Difference in Regional Trade Margins and Its Determinants: Evidence from Korea

Kichun Kang,Ki-Dong Lee 한국무역학회 2013 Journal of Korea trade Vol.17 No.4

This paper decomposes the extensive and intensive margins of the 16 Korean regions’ exports over the sample period from 2000 to 2010, using regional export data dis-aggregated at the HS 10-digit level. We find that there is a large disparity in the extensive and intensive margins among Korean regions. Consistent with international trade theories, the size of a region’s economy (GDP, income, and population) has a significant and appropriately signed effect on the extensive and intensive margins. However, the effects work dominantly through the intensive margin rather than the extensive margin. We also find that regional innovation activity only has a positive effect on the extensive margin, and regional infrastructure variables are found to have a strong effect on the two margins. This paper contributes to the literature regarding the extensive and intensive margins of a country’s regional trade.

FTA 네트워크의 진화: 경험과 이론

강기천 ( Kichun Kang ),이용주 ( Yong-ju Lee ) 연세대학교 경제연구소 2019 延世經濟硏究 Vol.26 No.1

본 논문은 1973년부터 2010년대 중반까지의 기간 동안 일어난 FTA 네트 워크의 역사적 진화 과정을 살펴본다. 먼저, 이 기간 동안 FTA 네트워크 진화에서 나타난 중요한 실증적 특성을 관찰하고, 이러한 특성들이 참여자들의 미시적 인센티브와 부합함을 설명한다. 그리고 실증적 특성과 미시적 인센티브를 반영한 랜덤 거시진화모형이 실제 FTA 네트워크의 진화를 어느 정도 설명할 수 있음을 보인다. 특히 이러한 단순 거시진화모형이 2000년대 초반까지는 FTA 네트워크의 진화를 잘 설명함을 보인다. 또한, 비록 지역주의 무역협정의 확산이 완전한 글로벌 무역자유화에 이르게 하지는 못하지만, 지구촌의 형성에 상당한 기여가 있음을 시사점으로 도출한다. This study examines the historic evolution of FTA network during the period from 1973 to the mid-2010s. We first observe important empirical features that have appeared in FTA network evolution over time and, then, show that these features match with micro-incentives of participating individual countries. Finally, by incorporating empirical observations and micro-incentives of countries into the macro-evolution model, we explain how the FTA network evolves over time. The macro-evolution model based on empirical observations and micro-incentives well explains the evolution of FTA network, especially until the early 2000s. This fact implies that even random formation process of network produces a good approximation to the observed network as long as important features are well incorporated into the network formation process. Additionally, we observe that although the proliferation of regionalism may not lead to complete global trade liberalization, it makes substantial contribution to the establishment of global village.

무역의 외연영역과 수입수요 함수

강기천 ( Kichun Kang ) 한국경제통상학회 2014 경제연구 Vol.32 No.2

전통적인 수입수요함수에서 추정된 소득탄력성은 과대추정 되었다는 비판을 받아 왔다. 소득과 가격만을 설명변수로 사용하는 추정모형에서는 새로운 상품이 미치는 영향이 생략되어 소득탄력성이 과대하게 추정된다. 본 연구는 무역의 외연영역(Extensive Margin)을 포함하는 수입수요 모형을 제시하고, 이 모형을 이용하여 한국 수출에 대한 소득탄력성을 추정한다. 실증분석에 따르면 한국 수출에 대한 세계 국가들의 소득탄력성은 새로운 상품의 영향을 고려하지 않을 경우 115% 과대하게 추정된다. It is well-known that income elasticities in the standard import demand equation may be over-estimated because of the omission of new goods. Following this line of reasoning, this paper suggests an import demand equation that incorporates the extensive margin and then estimates the effect of new goods on income elasticities. This paper shows that income elasticities are upward biased by approximately 115% when the effects of new goods are not taken into account, using Korean export data. This paper proposes a new sophisticated import demand equation that is useful for estimating un-biased income elasticities.

공업 없는 공학 ― 1950-60년대 서울대학교 공과대학의 지향과 현실

강기천 ( Kang Kichun ),최형섭 ( Choi Hyungsub ) 한국사회사학회 2018 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.119

이 글은 본격적으로 국가 혁신 체계의 일부로 편입되기 이전 공학 교육의 사정을 서울대학교 공과대학을 중심으로 살펴본 것이다. 당시의 공과대학의 교수와 학생들은 한국전쟁 이후 전후 복구가 이루어지고 산업화가 진행되는 모습을 지켜보면서 공대 졸업생이 한국 사회에서 담당해야 하는 역할에 대해 다양한 의견을 표출했다. 특히 조선, 철강, 기계 등 아직 한국에 해당 분야 산업이 충분히 발달하지 못한 분야를 전공한 공학도들은, 배후 산업이 부재한 상황 속에서 고뇌할 수밖에 없었다. 나아가 일부 공대 교수들은 자신들의 존재 근거인 공업이 부재한 상황 속에서 해외 사례를 바탕으로 한 막연한 이상론으로 미래 비전을 구축하려는 모습을 보였다. 서울대학교 공과대학의 학보 『불암산』 및 각종 매체를 통해 드러난 공학 연구와 교육에 대한 담론은 한국의 공과대학이 기능 인력을 양성하는 직업훈련소와 과학기술 교육 및 연구 기관 사이에서 스스로의 자리를 모색하려는 모습을 드러내는 자료이다. 서울대학교 공과대학의 공학도들은 한국전쟁 이후 미국으로부터 상당한 규모의 원조를 받아 전후 복구 사업을 진행했고, 이를 계기로 제2차 세계대전 이후 미국의 공과대학들이 차지하고 있었던 것과 유사한 역할을 맡게 되리라는 생각을 품었다. 하지만 서울공대 교수들의 미국화(Americanization) 구상은 불완전할 수밖에 없었다. 후발 산업화를 막 시작한 한국의 맥락이 미국의 그것과 달랐을 뿐 아니라, 한국의 정치 지도자들이 대학을 국가 개발 프로젝트의 파트너로 받아들이지 않았기 때문이었다. 공과대학이 나아갈 수 있는 방향은 외부의 영향으로 특정한 방향으로 제한/굴절되었고, 한국 사회에서 공과대학의 역할이 오늘날 우리가 당연시하는 것과 달라졌을 가능성도 있었다. 공과대학이 오늘날과 같은 형태가 된 것은 오히려 1960년대의 현실과 맞지 않는 지향점을 당시 공과대학이 좇았기 때문이었다. This article examines the situation of engineering education before it was integrated into the national innovation system by focusing on the College of Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU) in the 1950s and 60s. During this period, the faculty members and students of the College of Engineering expressed various opinions on the role engineering graduates should assume within the context of South Korean society undergoing postwar recovery and industrialization. In particular, students in fields lacking mature industry, such as naval architecture, metallurgy, and mechanical engineering, were bound in a dilemma. Moreover, some faculty members of the College of Engineering, with no industry to refer to, tried to construct a vision of the future of engineering based on foreign cases, especially the United States. The discourses on engineering research and education found in Bulam Mountain, the official magazine the SNU College of Engineering and other media show that colleges of engineering in Korea struggled to secure their place somewhere between a vocational school training technical experts for industry and an institute for research and education on “engineering science” training researchers. The SNU College of Engineering began to recover from the damage of the Korean War with U.S. aid, and constructed a vision that SNU will assume a role similar to that of American engineering schools within post-World War II United States. However, the South Korean vision of Americanization was inherently incomplete. Not only was its context of late industrialization vastly different than that of the United States, but also the South Korean political leaders during the 1950s and 60s refused to accept universities as partners in the project of national development. As a result, engineering education in Korea pursued an ideal that was markedly removed from the harsh realities of the South Korean industry of the time.

Shift-Share 분석방법을 통한 대중국, 대일본 무역증가 요인 분석

강기천(Kichun Kang),김기활(Kiwhael Kim) 영남대학교 중국연구센터 2011 중국과 중국학 Vol.14 No.-

This paper uses dynamic shift-share analysis to examine the performance of Korean trade with China and Japan between 1995 and 2005. The first interesting finding is that China’s overall competitiveness has promoted its exports to Korea. The second finding is that the increases in Korean exports to China has mainly resulted from the overall increases in China’s imports from the world. These findings are significant different from those from the trade between Korea and Japan.

한국 수출과 FDI

강기천(Kichun Kang) 한국무역연구원 2010 무역연구 Vol.6 No.3

Since FDIs in Korea has shown the different pattern of flows, it is necessary to estimate the effect of inward and outward FDIs, classified by growing and declining industries. Thus, this paper examines the effect of FDIs on trade by the disaggregated data on Korean manufacture sectors. The estimating results show that there is a strong complement relationship between outward FDI and export and there is a substitute relationship between inward FDI and export in declining industries. In growing industries, there is no relationship between FDIs and export.

수입다양성과 생산성: 양(+) 혹은 음(-)인가?

강기천 ( Kichun Kang ) 한국경제학회 2022 The Korean Economic Review Vol.38 No.1

이질적 기업무역 모형이 등장한 2000년대 중반 이후에, 수입다양성이 생산성에 양(+)의 영향을 미친다는 것은 부인할 수 없는 사실로 받아지고 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 2000-2017 기간 한국의 지역산업 데이터를 이용하여, 수입다양성에서 얻는 생산성 효과가 산업별로 이질적이고, 특히 최종재 산업에서는 생산성에 음(-)의 영향을 미친다는 사실을 제시한다. After heterogeneous firm trade models launched in the mid-2000s, the positive effect of import variety on productivity is well-established. However, using industry sectoral data for South Korean 16 regions from 2000 to 2017, this study explores heterogeneous productivity gains from import varieties across industry sectors and identifies negative productivity gains, especially in final consumption goods.

Opinion mining using ensemble text hidden Markov models for text classification

Kang, Mangi,Ahn, Jaelim,Lee, Kichun Elsevier 2018 expert systems with applications Vol.94 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>With the rapid growth of social media, text mining is extensively utilized in practical fields, and opinion mining, also known as sentiment analysis, plays an important role in analyzing opinion and sentiment in texts. Methods in opinion mining generally depend on a sentiment lexicon, which is a set of predefined key words that express sentiment. Opinion mining requires proper sentiment words to be extracted in advance and has difficulty classifying sentences that imply an opinion without using any sentiment key words. This paper presents a new sentiment analysis method, based on text-based hidden Markov models (TextHMMs), for text classification that uses a sequence of words in training texts instead of a predefined sentiment lexicon. We sought to learn text patterns representing sentiment through ensemble TextHMMs. Our method defines hidden variables in TextHMMs by semantic cluster information in consideration of the co-occurrence of words, and thus calculates the sentiment orientation of sentences by fitted TextHMMs. To reflect diverse patterns, we applied an ensemble of TextHMM-based classifiers. In the experiments with a benchmark data set, we show that this method is superior to some existing methods and particularly has potential to classify implicit opinions. We also demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method in a real-life data set of online market reviews.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Proposed a new sentiment analysis method, based on text-based hidden Markov models, that uses word orders without the need of sentiment lexicons. </LI> <LI> Proposed an ensemble of text-based hidden Markov models using boosting and clusters of words produced by latent semantic analysis. </LI> <LI> Showed the method has potential to classify implicit opinions by the proposed ensemble method. </LI> <LI> Showed better performance in comparison to several previous algorithms in several datasets. </LI> <LI> Applied it to a real-life dataset to classify paper titles. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Effects of Syllable Boundary Ambiguity on Spoken Word Recognition in Korean Continuous Speech

( Jinwon Kang ),( Sunmi Kim ),( Kichun Nam ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.11

The purpose of this study was to examine the syllable-word boundary misalignment cost on word segmentation in Korean continuous speech. Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of syllabification in speech segmentation. The current study investigated whether the resyllabification process affects word recognition in Korean continuous speech. In Experiment I, under the misalignment condition, participants were presented with stimuli in which a word-final consonant became the onset of the next syllable. (e.g., /k/ in belsak ingan becomes the onset of the first syllable of ingan `human`). In the alignment condition, they heard stimuli in which a word-final vowel was also the final segment of the syllable (e.g., /eo/ in heulmeo ingan is the end of both the syllable and word). The results showed that word recognition was faster and more accurate in the alignment condition. Experiment II aimed to confirm that the results of Experiment I were attributable to the resyllabification process, by comparing only the target words from each condition. The results of Experiment II supported the findings of Experiment I. Therefore, based on the current study, we confirmed that Korean, a syllable-timed language, has a misalignment cost of resyllabification.

페루 리막강 통합수자원관리체계 구축사업 소개

박기춘(Park, Kichun),김희석(Kim, Heesuk),김광기(Kim, Kwangki),강동균(Kang, Donggyun) 대한토목학회 2022 대한토목학회지 Vol.70 No.2