Issue Leadership Theory: Concepts and Model : 이슈리더쉽: 개념과 모델

Kibok Baik(백기복) 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 2002 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this paper, we explore a new leadership theory termed “Issue Leadership,” where a leader is considered to be a person who looks for critical issues in the ordinary, involves the audience (i.e., those who are directly or indirectly related to a particular issue) in an effective way, and achieves outstanding performances and desired changes through efficient implementation of a proposed issue. Specifically, an issue leader is required to exhibit three distinctive behaviors: issue-creating, audience-involving, and issue-implementing. Antecedents and moderators of issue leadership behavior are identified, and their interrelationships are proposed in a comprehensive issue leadership model. After a detailed explanation of the issue leadership theory, we researched, and tried to answer the question, “How do we apply the theory to global business settings?”

A Novel Method for Manufacturing Axenic Microalgal Culture

Kibok NAM,Min-Gyu SUNG,Jong-Hee KWON,Ji-Won YANG 한국생물공학회 2013 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.10

Anatomy of Issue Leaders' Behaviors

Kibok Baik 한국인사관리학회 2002 조직과 인사관리연구 Vol.26 No.2

Optimization of Livestock Wastewater as Medium for Microalgal Cultivation with Suitable Dilution and Polymer Pretreatment

Kibok NAM,Jonghee KWON,Youngmin YOO,Chul Woong KIM,Seong-woon HEO,Sung Gap IM,Ji-won YANG 한국생물공학회 2013 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.4

TCSC Dynamic Free Distance Protection Scheme Using Backward Blocking Signals

Kibok Lee(이기복),Heejin Kim(김희진),Jongseo Na(나종서),Kyeon Hur(허견) 대한전기학회 2019 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.4

Restart Strategy for Scalar Controlled Synchronous Reluctance Machine Driving a High-Inertia Load with a Single DC-link Current Sensor

Kibok Lee,Srdjan M. Lukic 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

This paper proposes an approach for implementing the restart for Synchronous Reluctance Machines (SynRMs) driving a high inertia load. The proposed method uses a simple identification algorithm to estimate the rotor speed and position of the machine so that the appropriate voltage vector can be applied to the machine, thus minimizing the inrush current at the instant of the restart. The novelty is that its implementation only requires nameplate machine parameters and a single DC-link current sensor. The proposed method is suitable for implementation with both high-inertia vector and scalar-controlled SynRMs.

EFFECTS OF ASSIGNED GOALS, COMPETITION, AND FEEDBACK ON STRESS, TIME URGENCY, AND PERCEIVED WORKLOAD

Kibok Baik 한국인사관리학회 2002 조직과 인사관리연구 Vol.26 No.1

Performance evaluation of mask R-CNN for lung segmentation using computed tomographic images

Nam Kibok,Lee Dahye,Kang Seonghee,Lee Seungwan 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.81 No.4

Image segmentation techniques based on machine learning are able to improve diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy by localizing target areas. The accuracy and efciency of these techniques are dependent on network architecture and loss minimization method because the performance of a machine learning model is determined by training strategies. In this study, the lung segmentation based on computed tomographic images was performed by using mask regional convolutional neural networks (R-CNNs) with various feature extraction networks and optimizers. The efects of the feature extraction networks and optimizers on the trained mask R-CNNs were evaluated in terms of total training loss, segmentation accuracy and training time. The results showed that the convergence of total loss values during network training was afected by the architectures of the feature extraction networks as well as the optimizers. The lung segmentation accuracy and training time of the mask R-CNN were mainly dependent on the optimizer and network architecture, respectively. Among the various optimizers, the ASGD optimizer maximized lung segmentation accuracy, and the training time was reduced by the feature extraction network including general convolution layers and feature pyramid network (FPN). In conclusion, it is important to apply the optimal network architecture and optimizer to the mask R-CNN for maximizing its performance, and the optimized mask R-CNN can be potentially used for improving diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy.

한국형 리더십

백기복(Kibok Baik),서재현(Jaihyun Seo),구자숙(Jasook Koo),김정훈(Junghoon Kim) 한국인사조직학회 2010 인사조직연구 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 한국인들의 특수한 가치체계에 기초하여 발휘되는 한국형 리더십의 유형과 그 효과성을 밝히려는 시도이다. 기존의 연구들을 검토하여, 한국기업조직 구성원 대상의 과학적 절차에 의한 실증연구의 필요성을 제시하였다. 한국인들의 문화적 가치, 기업 목표달성을 위한 조직가치, 그리고 한국의 경제성장에 따른 서구적 가치 등이 기업현장 리더들의 행동을 결정하는 요인이라고 전제하였다. 사람, 일, 시간, 조직, 조직환경 차원에서 리더에 영향을 미치는 항목들을 추출하기 위해서 기존문헌조사, 관리자 72명 인터뷰, FGI, 리더십 전문가 워크숍, 관리자 15명의 어휘조정 등의 절차를 밟았다. 이에 따라, 96개 설문문항을 확정하였다. 실증연구를 위해서, 업종, 규모, 직급, 직종 별로 2,000명을 층화(stratified) 표본 추출하여 Web‐based 서베이를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 한국형 리더십 요인으로 자기긍정, 성취열정, 솔선수범, 수평조화, 상향적응, 하향온정, 환경변화, 그리고 미래비전 등 여덟 가지가 도출되었다. 이들 각 요인을 평균을 기준으로 상(上), 하(下)로 나누어 조합한 256가지 경우에 대해서 빈도와 리더십 유효성 차이를 검증한 결과, 8요인 모두가 상(上)인 이상적 리더의 숫자가 가장 많았으며(전체의 23.5%) 리더십 효과성도 다른 어느 조합의 경우보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 8요인 각각의 평균은 성취열정, 상향적응, 환경변화의 순으로 높게 나타났으나, 리더십 효과성을 설명함에 있어서는 솔선수범, 하향온정, 수평조화, 미래비전의 순으로 나타남으로써 리더들의 실제행동빈도와 응답자들의 리더에 대한 기대치에 차이가 있음을 보여줬다. 기존의 국가간 리더십 비교연구 결과와 비교했을 때, 솔선수범과 상향적응이 한국리더들에게 독특한 행동이었다. 연구의 한계를 지적하고 한국형 리더십에 관한 향후의 연구과제들을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine leadership styles of Korean managers and to empirically test extracted dimensions of leadership effectiveness and their roles in developing effective leadership. In an effort to extract common Korean leadership factors, the present study used on‐line survey method. The questionnaire used for on‐line survey was developed based on existing studies. First, we reviewed studies of Yeung & Ready(1995) and Tsui et al.(2006) to develop the questionnaire. Second, we interviewed employees to identity items which characterized their bosses. Third, FGIs were used to identify items that symbolically described their bosses. Forth, experts in the area of HRM and OB reviewed items selected to finalize the questionnaire. Questionnaire was distributed to 2,000 managers and executives who work for Korean firms. Participants came from four different industries:manufacturing, construction, banking, and service industries. All participants voluntarily answered the questionnaire. 89% of the participants were male and 72.9% had higher than college education. Results showed 8 dimensions represented Korean leaders’ behaviors: Leading by Examples,Passion for Achievement, Self‐Confidence, Upward Adaptability, Downward Benevolence, Lateral Harmony, Future Vision, and Response to Situational Changes. Leading by Examples represents behaviors of a leader without self interests and focus on the difficulties of the group with endurance and persistence. Passion for Achievement leaders holds strong spirit with high pride and responsibilities that leads to overcome barriers and to indefinitely pursuit goals. Self-Confidence leaders attribute to the sense of challenges to overcome difficulties based on self-determination and decisiveness. Upward Adaptability represents behaviors of a leader who tries to align opinions and avoid conflict in deciding goals and resource allocations. This also represents comforting behavior. Downward Benevolence represents generosity and leaders who possess this attribute tend to take care of their subordinates and form strong ties with subordinates. Lateral Harmony leaders develop respectable and trustworthy relationship with coworkers. These leaders emphasize cooperative communication and harmony among colleagues and avoid showing extraordinary behaviors. Leaders with Future Vision are prospective. They create future vision based on their philosophy. These leaders systematically plan for his visions and invest effort to realize the vision. Leaders who show Responses to Environmental Changes characteristic are at their best to utilize outside network to find and response quickly to needs for changes. Leaders of this type are very sensitive to environmental changes. Among 8 factors found in the study, factors like Upward Adaptability and Leading by Examples can be interpreted as representatives of Korean leaders’ behaviors. To achieve the second purpose of this study, regression analyses were carried out based on 8 factors. Regression analyses showed that Leading By Examples, Downward Benevolence, Future Vision and Lateral Harmony have significant impact on the leadership effectiveness. On the other hand, Passion for Achievement, Response to Environmental Changes, and Upward Adaptability showed the highest mean scores among the 8 factors. This discrepancy may indicate that Korean managers and executives’ ideology about leadership is different from their real leadership behaviors. We expect cultural influences played a significant role on their behaviors. Thus, studies of specific cultural influences on leadership behaviors might resolve such discrepancy. Also replicates of this study are needed in the future to increase external validity and discover more underlying dimensions of Korean leadership behaviors. In depth discussions on findings and limitations of the study were provided in discussion section.

정보사회 민주주의의 이론적 재검토 : 직접민주제 구현 vs. 대의민주제 보완

宋基福(Kibok Song) 미국헌법학회 2010 美國憲法硏究 Vol.21 No.3

‘다두적 민주주의론’의 주창자인 Dahl은 미국 국민이 미국 헌법에 대해 진지하게 자신의 의사를 표출할 기회를 갖지 못했고, 헌법에 대한 종교적 숭배 분위기의 극복 필요성을 제기했다. 그의 주장에는 미국 헌법의 가장 큰 결함이 지리적 소수가 정치적 평등의 이념을 위반하며 다수 국민의 의사를 좌절시키는 정치제도라는 인식이 자리하고 있다. 그의 고민은 정치적 평등의 이념을 어떻게 구현하는가가 중점이다. Dahl의 이와 같은 고민은 보다 본질적으로 한국의 대의민주주의 체제에 대한 위기에도 그 맥락을 연결시킬 수 있다. 한국의 정치상황은 대의민주주의의 핵심적 작동기제인 의회정치가 초래한 ‘민주주의의 불구성’, 즉 ‘민의왜곡’의 문제와도 관련이 있다. 이 문제는 제도의 완고성으로 인해 인민의 의사와 대표자의 의사 사이에 자유위임의 차원을 훨씬 더 뛰어넘는 괴리의 존재를 의미한다. 더구나 사회의 커뮤니케이션 매개 기술이 고도화되는 정치사회 환경일수록 긴장과 갈등이 증폭될 수 있다. 이 새로운 정치사회 환경을 ‘정보사회’라고 한다면, 이에 맞는 민주주의 구현을 위한 탐색 노력이 필요하다. 한국사회가 정보사회의 경향성을 보이기 시작한 1990년대 중반 이후 전자민주주의에 대한 논의들은 기존의 대의민주주의의 공과에 대하여 많은 문제제기를 해왔다. 즉, 전자민주주의는 민주주의의 담론과 결합하여 대의민주주의의 단점을 극복할 수 있게 하는 보완적 측면의 민주주의 정치과정이라는 주장과, 아테네식 원형 민주주의를 구현할 수 있는 기술(democratic technology)로서 직접민주주의를 가능케 할 것이라는 주장 등 크게 두 가지 논점에서 논의가 전개되어 왔다. 그러나 아직까지도 전자민주주의가 대의민주주의의 보완이론이라는 시각이 지배적이며 주류를 이루고 있음에도 불구하고, 대의민주주의의 여러 한계 상황들이 노정될 때마다 전자민주주의와 참여민주주의의 결합 또는 결사체민주주의와 숙의민주주의 등과의 결합을 통하여 궁극적으로 대의민주주의를 대체해야 한다는 논의의 궤적이 남아 있는 것 또한 현실임은 부정하기 어렵다. 따라서 이러한 문제의식에 대한 해법적 담론은 당연히 기존의 대의민주주의의 제도 운영과 전자민주주의적 요소들이 현실의 정치과정에서 발현되는 현상 사이에 존재하는 부정합성을 해소하는 차원에서 찾아야 한다. 대의민주주의의 한계 극복과 직접민주주의 요소의 실현가능성에 대해 조망하면서, 한 가지 분명히 규정해야 할 사항이 있다. 직접민주주의적 요소들의 실현이 기술적으로 가능해지고 실제로 직접민주주의로 수렴해 간다고 하더라도, 이것이 자기지배를 실현하는 수준의 궁극적인 직접민주주의가 가능해진다고 말할 수는 없다는 점이다. 따라서 대의민주주의는 보다 참여적이고 직접적인 매개과정을 통해 민주주의의 이상을 실현하기 위해 진전될 수 있고 변형될 수는 있어도, 정치과정에서 대의성이 소멸될 수는 없는 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 전자민주주의에 대한 논의 역시 대의민주주의를 보다 심화된 민주주의로 향하게 하는데 중요한 작용기제로 고려하는 것이 중요할 것으로 보인다. A series of studies on electronic democracy have raised questions around merits and demerits of representative democracy in Korea from mid-1990s when the society entered so-called ‘information society’ and thereafter revealed some characteristic trends for the informative activities. The discourses of electronic democracy in Korea, combined with talks about democratic practices, have showed debates both over the feasibilities of overcoming crisis of representative democracy and altering it into a new form of direct democracy. But most cases of the studies, except the early optimistic discourse of electronic democracy advocated in 1980s and early 1990s, have been interested in the refreshing representative democracy and widening the horizon of participatory democracy by adapting electronic mediation mechanism in political process, rather than replacing representative democracy itself. Participation has been a central keyword in democratic life from ancient Greek politics, and it is still a subjective issue in modern times. In this aspect, electronic democracy is considered to be a momentum for enhancing democratic development in most advanced countries. Therefore, for years, studies on electronic democracy have been especially emphasized upon application to real political process, and these efforts considerably embedded into action in the process. But they are not formulated in legal and institutional system, so cleavage occurs between real political practices and legal institution in the application of factors of electronic democracy. If this crevice may be more widened, democratic practices will inevitably be more endangered. From this problematic reason, this study aims at introducing the practical and applicable factors of electronic democracy into the realm of law and institution. Therefore, the characteristics and the relevant meanings of information society are analysed to understand the implication of democracy in information age, and also the theoretical reconstruction is discussed on the basis of democratic transformation by adopting electronic democracy into the real political process.