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야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로
조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6
Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.
The Action Mechanism of Higenamine on Smooth Muscle Preparations of Rabbits
CHANG, Ki-churl,LIM, Jung-kyoo,SUH, Man-chul 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1
The Purpose of this study was to determine if mechanism of action of higenamine on smooth muscle preparations of rabbit is associated with a beta adrenergic receptor stimulation. Muscle strips, about 5×20mm long, were stimulated with a range of concentration of histamine, metacholine(small intestine) and oxytocin (uterus) in an organ bath filled with oxyganated (95% 02-5% CO_2) Krebs' solutions as to obtain concentration-response curves. The effect of higenamine was investigated by comparing pD_2 values (negative logarithm of the molar concentration of the antagonist needed to 50% inhibition of maximum contraction) against histamine and methacholine-provoked contractions as well as comparing pA_2 values (negative logaithm of the molar concentration of the antagonist which produces an agonist dose ratio of 2) against oxytocininduced contractions.
Further Investigation of the Action Meehanism of GS 389;a Thromboxane A2 Antagonistic Action
Chang, Ki Churl,Noh, Hong Ki 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.2
Recently, we reported that GS 389 has vasodilating action without cardiac inotropic action (Chang et al., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 72, 327-334, 1994). However the mechanism of action of GS 389 has not been thoroughly evaluated. In the present study, we performed functional study of GS 389 in rat trachealis, thoracic aorta, pig coronary artery by isometric tension and in human platelets by aggregation experiments. We also tested if GS 389 influences on Ca^(2+) movement and inositol phosphate metabolism. In rat trachealis, GS 389 concentration-dependently relaxed carbachol (0.1 μM)- and high K^+ (65.4 mM)-induced contraction with pIC_(50) of 4.43±0.19 and 4.11±0.12, respectively. In Ca^(2+)-free media, GS 389 inhibited carbachol-induced phasic contraction. In rat thoracic aorta, GS 389 inhibited ^(45)Ca uptake due to norepinephrine and high K^+, indicating that GS 389 has direct inhibitory action of Ca^(2+) movement. Furthermore, GS 389 competitively inhibited U46619-induced contraction in rat thoracic aorta and pig coronary artery with K_i values of 5.23±0.12 and 5.56±0.14, respectively, and inhibited U 46619-induced phosphatidylinositide (PI) turnover in rat aorta. GS 389 also concentration-dependently inhibited the human platelet aggregation against U 46619 with pIC_(50) 5.66±0.02. These results indicate that GS 389 has thromboxane A₂ antagonistic action in vascular and platelets as well as direct action on Ca^(2+) movement, which may account, at least in part, for relaxing action of rat trachealis.
Synthesis of Higenamine, A Cardiotonic Principle of Aconite Root
Chang, Ki-Churl,Choi, Sook-Yun,Lim, Jung-Kyoo,Park, Chan-Woong The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1984 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.7 No.2
Higenamine (I), cardiotonic principle of Aconite root, was synthesized from 4-methoxy-phenylacetic acid (II) and .betha.-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethylamine (IV). Condensation of IV with 4-mehoxyphenylacetyl chloride (III) was followed by cyclodehydration yielding 1-(4'-methoxybenzyl)-6, 7- dimethoxy-3, 4-dihydroisoquinoline (VI). Reduction of VI to 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (VII) and subsequent demethylation provided desired product higenamine, 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-6, 7- dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4, -tetrahydroisoquinoline.
Is Nitric Oxide Involved in Relaxation of Urinary Bladder ?
Chang, Ki Churl,Chung, Byung Ha 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.1
We investigated whether nitric oxide (NO) may serve a role in bladder function by immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of intrinsic NADPH-diaphorase and functional study of isometric tension recordings via a photo-induced adequate nitric oxide (PIANO) generating system using rat bladder. Results suggest that a small number of NADPH-diaphorase-positive perikarya are present within the bladder wall and within adjacent small ganglia. Furthermore, NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve fibers were observed in the adventitial and muscular layers, subjacent to the urothelium and perivascular fibers. Rat bladder strips precontracted with 3μM carbachol were reversibly relaxed upon NO generation by UV irradiation. PIANO-mediated relaxation was sensitive to oxygen free radicals. In addition, tissue cGMP levels were increased by the PIANO generating system and elevated cGMP levels were decreased by pretreatment of guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue. These results indicate that NO may serve a role in modulating bladder tone in the rat.
Ki-Churl Chang,Young-Jin Kang,Young-Soo Lee,Won-Seog Chong,Hye-Sook Yun-Choi,Duck-Hyong Lee,Jae-Chun Ryu 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1998 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.5
<P> Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) alkaloids can be considered as cyclized derivatives of simple phenylethylamines, and many of them, especially with 6,7-disubstitution, demonstrate relatively high affinity for catecholamines. Two -OH groups at 6 and 7 positions are supposed to be essential to exert -receptor activities. However, it is not clear whether -OH at 6,7 substitution of THIs also shows -adrenoceptor activities. In the present study, we investigated whether -OH or -OCH<SUB>3</SUB> substitutions of 6,7 position of THIs differently affect the <SUB>1</SUB>-adrenoceptor affinity. We synthesized two 1-naphthylmethyl THI alkaloids, 1--naphthylmethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline HBr (YS 51) and 1--naphthylmethyl-6, 7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline HCl (YS 55), and their pharmacological actions on <SUB>1</SUB>-adrenoceptor were compared. YS 51 and YS 55, concentration-dependently relaxed endothelium-denuded rat thoracic aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 0.1 ㄍM) in which pEC<SUB>50</SUB> were 5.890.21 and 5.930.19, respectively. Propranolol (30 nM) did not affect the relaxation-response curves to YS 51 and YS 55. Concentration-response curves to PE were shifted to right by the pretreatment with YS 51 or YS 55. The pA<SUB>2</SUB> values of YS 51 and YS 55 showed 6.050.24 and 5.880.16, respectively. Both probes relaxed KCl (65.4 mM)-contracted aorta and inhibited CaCl<SUB>2</SUB>-induced contraction of PE-stimulated endothelium- denuded rat thoracic aorta in Ca<SUP>2</SUP>-free solutions. In isolated guinea pig papillary muscle, 1 and 10 ㄍM YS 51 increased contractile force about 4- and 8- fold over the control, respectively, along with the concentration-dependent increment of cytosolic Ca<SUP>2</SUP> ions. While, 10 ㄍM YS 55 reduced the contractile force about 50 % over the control and lowered the cytosolic Ca<SUP>2</SUP> level, in rat brain homogenates, YS 51 and YS 55 displaced [<SUP>3</SUP>H]prazosin binding competitively with K<I>i</I> 0.15 and 0.12 ㄍM, respectively. However, both probes were ineffective on [<SUP>3</SUP>H]nitrendipine binding. Therefore, it is concluded that two synthetic naphthylmethyl-THI alkaloids have considerable affinity to <SUB>1</SUB>-adrenenoceptors in rat aorta and brain.
Chang, Ki Churl 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.2
Nitric oxide (NO) has been regarded as one of the neurotransmitters of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) nerve stimulation in rabbit corpus cavernosum, rat gastric fundus and human intestine. PIANO (photo-induced adequate nitric oxide) is a very useful tool to investige the role of NO in various smooth muscles where NO is a mediator. The present study was undertaken to compare the physiological responses of the rat gastric smooth muscle in response to NANC nerve stimulation and to PIANO. Photolysis of L-NAME, D-NAME and streptozotocin (STZ) by UV light in the bathing medium caused relaxation of rat gastric fundus that contracted with carbachol, but was resistant to tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 μM). Electrical stimulation (20 V, 2∼32 Hz, 0.2 msec, 10s) of the gastric fundus, in the presence of atropine and guanethidine, induced frequency-dependent, TTX-sensitive relaxation. Sodium nitroprusside (1 nM-10 μM), a NO donor, mimicked the relaxations observed after NANC-stimulation or PIANO. Furthermore, PIANO caused UV light exposure time-dependent increase of cGMP in rat gastric fundus strips. These results provide another evidence indirectly that NO is one of the mediators of the NANC inhibitory nerve stimulation in the rat gastric fundus.